International A Level Psychology Teacher Resource Packs Sample

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PEARSON EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL AS / A LEVEL
PSYCHOLOGY
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TEACHER RESOURCE PACK

Short-answer questions
Paper 2
1. Explain what neurotransmitters are.

(2)
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2. Describe the role of the CNS.
(2)
3.
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Discuss the role of different brain areas, including the limbic system and the pre-
frontal cortex, as an explanation of aggression as a human behaviour.
(4)
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4. Discuss research findings into the role of hormones in aggression.

(6)
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Short-answer questions
5. Describe the role of internal pacemakers and external zeitgebers in the regulation of
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the circadian sleep–wake cycle.
(4)
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Practice Exam Paper
Paper 1: Social and Cognitive Psychology
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space
than you need.
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Information
• The total mark for this paper is 64.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to
how much time to spend on each question.
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• The lists of formulae and statistical tables are printed at the start of this
paper.
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Practice Exam Paper
Section A
Social Psychology
Answer ALL questions in this section.
1. Psychologists frequently use a volunteer sample.
a. Describe opportunity sampling. (1)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. An alternative sampling technique is random sampling. Describe random sampling.

(1)
Strength
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Explain one strength and one weakness of using the random sampling method in
comparison to an opportunity sampling technique. (4)
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Weakness
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
Practice Exam Paper
2. Milgram conducted several variations of his original study, including the ordinary man
gives orders (experiment 13).
a. Describe the procedure used by Milgram in this variation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………(3)
….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Briefly discuss the findings of the ordinary man gives orders (experiment 13).
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(3)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)
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Practice Exam Mark Scheme
International Advanced Subsidiary Paper 1: Social and

Cognitive Psychology Mark Scheme
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 (a) AO1 (1 mark) (1)
Credit one mark for an accurate definition.
For example:
• An opportunity sample makes use of participants
who are available at the time. (1)
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Look for other reasonable marking points.

Number
1 (b)
For example:
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Credit one mark for an accurate definition.
• A random sample is when everyone in the target

population has an equal chance of being selected.
(1)

(1)
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Number
1 (c) AO1 (1 mark) AO3 (1 mark) (4)
Credit one mark for an accurate identification of one
strength of a random sample. (AO1)
Credit one mark for comparison to an opportunity sampling

technique. (AO3)
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For example:
Strength
• It should be a representative sample of the target
population. (1)
• Unlike an opportunity sample, which is not always
representative because it only uses people available
at the time. (1)
Credit one mark for an accurate identification of one

weakness of a random sample. (AO1)
Credit one mark for comparison to an opportunity sampling

technique. (AO3)
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
Practice Exam Mark Scheme
For example:
Weakness
• Time consuming to get all the names of the target
population. (1)
• Unlike opportunity as the participants are already
present. (1)

Number
2 (a) AO1 (3 marks) (3)
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Credit one mark for each of the following, maximum of
three.
For example:
• Experiment was conducted by ‘ordinary man’ not
man in a lab coat (1), three people were situated in
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the room; two were confederates and one was naïve
participant (1). Draw was rigged so teacher was
always the naïve participant (1); phone call for
experimenter meant he left the room and instructed
teacher to keep delivering pairs of words until
learner had them all correctly (1). Learner suggested
delivering increments of shocks for each mistake
would be a good way for him to learn, repeating this
phrase throughout. (1)

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Number
2 (b) AO3 (3 marks) (3)
Credit one mark for accurate findings and discussion points.
For example:
• 16/20 participants broke off prior to the maximum
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level of shock being delivered (1), which resulted in

obedience levels of 20% in comparison to the
original study of 65% (1) showing that the role of
authority played a significant part in obedience
because removal of the experimenter dressed in a
lab coat caused a drop in obedience levels. (1)
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Model Exam Answers
Paper 3: Applications of Psychology
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Exam-style longer questions, answers and analysis
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1
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Model Exam Answers
Criminological psychology: Exam-style question 2
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Evaluate psychological (case) formulation to understand the function of
offending behaviour in the individual. (8)
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Model Exam Answers
Question analysis
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• This essay question uses the command word ‘evaluate’ which requires both AO1
(knowledge and understanding) and AO3 (evaluations, arguments, justifications
and conclusions) in equal measure.
• It is important to show thorough knowledge of psychological formulation
throughout the answer as it applies to understanding the function of offending
behaviour.
well explained.
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• Evaluation (strengths and weaknesses) of psychological formulation should be
well-developed; this requires going beyond simple statements, and should be
• Links between description and evaluation can be made throughout the essay.
• A balanced conclusion should be presented at the end of the essay, though
conclusions can be drawn throughout.
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Model Exam Answers
Student Response 1
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Psychological formulation is a report made about an offender about
their crimes and behaviour. It involves gathering a lot of information
about the way a crime was committed and background information
about the individual. This can involve asking the offender questions
about their past crimes and family and social circumstances. This
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information is compiled into a report that can be used by the court to
correctly convict them or help treat them. However, criminals may lie
about their crimes which can be unhelpful so wrong information is put
into the report.
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Model Exam Answers
Psychologists look at the information gathered from the offender and other reports
from the police and social services, and then use their knowledge of psychology to
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diagnose the offender. They can then make recommendations about how the
offender is treated or whether they can be released. The psychologist may have a
biased opinion which could mean that the diagnosis is wrong.
If triggers to offending are identified, such as that alcohol can lead someone to be
violent, then this can be used to help the offender avoid such situations and not
reoffend. However, a formulation may correctly identify some triggers that cannot
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be changed, for example social circumstances such as being on welfare cannot be
changed easily, so an offender may not be able to be helped by the formulation.
In conclusion, formulations are useful for the police, but the offender may lie about
their offences, which makes them inaccurate.
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Model Exam Answers
Is this a good response?
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• This answer shows some
understanding of psychological
formulations but there is a lack of
depth of detail and evaluations are
not explained or fully developed.
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• The knowledge is rather superficial
and this leads to a superficial
conclusion.
• Level 2 response.
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Glossary
Anti-social behaviour behaving in a way that
Abnormality a deviation from ideal mental health
caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or
Abstract (part of report) a brief summary of the distress to one or more people not of the same
research article used to help the reader quickly household as the person acting in this way
understand the purpose of the paper
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) a
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) an challenging type of personality disorder
action-oriented approach to psychotherapy. Clients characterised by impulsive, irresponsible and
learn to stop avoiding and struggling with their sometimes criminal behaviour
emotions and accept that these feelings are
Attachment a close, emotional, enduring bond
appropriate responses to certain situations and that
between child and caregiver
these should not prevent them from getting on with
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their lives. They then commit to making necessary Attention how we selectively concentrate on a
change in their behaviour distinct part of information while ignoring other
perceivable information
Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire (ALQ) an
instrument designed to measure healthy lifestyle in Bar chart a chart or graph that presents categorical
adolescents, looking at seven dimensions to a data with rectangular bars with heights that are
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healthy lifestyle: identity awareness, nutrition,
physical participation, safety, health awareness,
social support and stress management
Agency theory developed by Milgram, this theory

suggests that humans have two mental states:
autonomous (where they perceive themselves to be
responsible for their own behaviour so they feel guilt
for what they do) and agentic (where they perceive
themselves to be the agent of someone else’s will;
the authority figure commanding them is responsible
proportional to the values that they represent
Biological psychology the study of the

physiological bases of behaviour
Body clock (Internal pacemakers) your body's

natural need to sleep and eat at particular times
Body startle reflex a mostly unconscious defensive

response to sudden or threatening stimuli, such as
sudden noise or movement, and is associated with
negative effects
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for what they do, so they feel no guilt Brain scan a research method that involves
Aggression refers to a range of behaviours that examining the structure and functioning of the brain
can result in both physical and psychological harm British Psychological Society (BPS) Code of
to yourself, others or objects Ethics and Conduct (2009) a code designed to
Aim (part of report) the aim states the intent of the guide members of the British Psychological
study in general terms Society in their day-to-day professional conduct
Alternative hypothesis a statement that lays out Capacity refers to the amount, or quantity, of
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what a researcher predicts will be found. This is also information that can be stored in memory
known as an experimental hypothesis when the Caregiver sensitivity hypothesis Ainsworth’s
research methodology adopted is experimental hypothesis that the type and quality
Amygdala centre in the brain responsible for of attachment between mother and child is largely
emotions, emotional behaviour and motivation dependent on the mother’s behaviour towards the
child. Mothers of securely attached infants tend to
Animal experiments also known as animal
be more sensitive to the child’s needs
experimentation and animal research; the use of
non-human animals in experiments Case study a research method that involves a
detailed study of a single individual or event. Case
Anorexia nervosa a type of eating disorder in
studies provide a rich record of human experience,
which an individual, despite being underweight,
but are hard to generalise from
fears that she or he might become overweight and
therefore engages in self-starvation to prevent this Cause and effect this is a combination of action
happening and a reaction; it is the relationship between events
where one is the result of the other
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019 Copying permitted for purchasing institution only This material is not copyright free 1
Resource mapping
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IAL Psychology References in Edexcel
Unit 1: Social and AS/A level Psychology, 1st
Learning content Description of content Additional sources
cognitive psychology edition, by Karren Smith
content (ISBN: 9781447982463)
Obedience
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Theories of obedience, including agency theory and
Unit 1.1, pages 17 to 32 http://www.psychlotron.org.uk
social power theory.
1.1.1
Research into obedience, including Milgram’s research

into obedience and three of his variation studies –
rundown office block (Experiment 10), telephonic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdUu3u9We
1.1.2 Unit 1.1, pages 17 to 32
instructions (Experiment 7), ordinary man gives orders b4
(Experiment 13) – as they demonstrate situational
factors that encourage dissent.
Topic A: Social
psychology
Factors affecting obedience and dissent/resistance to
1.1 Content
AM1.1.3 obedience, including individual differences (personality
and gender), situation and culture.
Unit 1.1, pages 17 to 32
Conformity
http://www.psychteacher.co.uk/social-
Types and explanations of conformity.
influence/conformity-types.html
1.1.4
Research into conformity including Asch (1951) and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lD

1.1.5 his variation studies (1952, 1956). hA
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http://www.simplypsychology.org/minority-
1.1.6 Minority influence (Moscovici, 1976).
influence.html
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Factors affecting conformity and minority influence, http://www.mccc.edu/~jenningh/Courses/documen
1.1.7 including individual differences (personality), situation
ts/Rotter-locusofcontrolhandout.pdf
and culture.
1.2 Methods http://www.gerardkeegan.co.uk/resource/survey
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Self-reporting data
Designing and conducting questionnaires and meth1.htm
interviews, considering researcher effects.
1.2.1 http://www.simplypsychology.org
1.2.2 Primary and secondary data. Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55
Unstructured, semi-structured and structured

1.2.3 interviews, open, closed (including ranked scale) Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55
questions.
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Sample selection
and sampling
techniques Random, stratified, volunteer and opportunity sampling
techniques. Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55
1.2.5
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(List A) Analysis of quantitative data: calculating
Quantitative data measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode),
data tables (frequency tables and summary tables),
graphical presentation (bar chart, histogram),
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1.2.6 measures of dispersion (range and standard
deviation), percentages, ratios, fractions.
1.2.7 Normal and skewed distribution. Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55
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1.2.8 Analysis of qualitative data using thematic analysis. Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55
Ethical guidelines British Psychological Society (BPS) code of ethics and https://www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-
conduct (2009), including risk management when Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55 ethics-and-conduct
1.2.9 carrying out research in psychology.
1.3 Studies Classic study Moscovici et al. (1969) Influence of a Consistent http://www.simplypsychology.org/minority-
Minority on the Responses of a Majority in a Color
influence.html
1.3.1 Perception Task.
AMContemporary study
Burger (2009) Replicating Milgram: Would people still
obey today? Unit 1.3, pages 60 to 63
1.3.2
One contemporary Yi Huang et al. Abstract at:

study from the Yi Huang et al. (2014) Conformity to the opinions of https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2625777
following two other people lasts for no more than 3 days. 06_Conformity_to_the_Opinions_of_Other_People
choices: _Lasts_for_No_More_Than_3_Days
1.3.3 Haun et al:

http://local.psy.miami.edu/faculty/dmessinger/c_c/r
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srcs/rdgs/emot/tomasello.Psychological%20Scien
1.3.4 Haun et al. (2014) Children Conform to the Behavior of ce-2014-Haun-2160-7.pdf
Peers; Other Great Apes Stick With What They Know.
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One practical research exercise to gather data
1.4 Practical relevant to topics covered in social psychology. This
1.4.1 Unit 1.5, pages 73 to 79
investigation practical research exercise must adhere to ethical
principles in both content and intention.
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TEACHER RESOURCE PACK

1. Explain what neurotransmitters are.

4. Discuss research findings into the role of hormones in aggression.

Paper 1: Social and Cognitive Psychology

Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

b. An alternative sampling technique is random sampling. Describe random sampling.

International Advanced Subsidiary Paper 1: Social and

Question Answer Mark

• A random sample is when everyone in the target

Look for other reasonable marking points.

Credit one mark for comparison to an opportunity sampling

Credit one mark for an accurate identification of one

Credit one mark for comparison to an opportunity sampling

Look for other reasonable marking points.

Question Answer Mark

Look for other reasonable marking points.

level of shock being delivered (1), which resulted in

Look for other reasonable marking points.

Paper 3: Applications of Psychology

Criminological psychology: Exam-style question 2

Is this a good response?

Agency theory developed by Milgram, this theory

Biological psychology the study of the

Body clock (Internal pacemakers) your body's

Body startle reflex a mostly unconscious defensive

Research into obedience, including Milgram’s research

Research into conformity including Asch (1951) and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lD

1.2 Methods http://www.gerardkeegan.co.uk/resource/survey

1.2.2 Primary and secondary data. Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55

Unstructured, semi-structured and structured

1.2.7 Normal and skewed distribution. Unit 1.2, pages 42 to 55

One contemporary Yi Huang et al. Abstract at:

1.3.3 Haun et al:

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