TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.0 DESIGN CONCEPT

3.0 TABULATION POPULATION EQUIVALENT

4.0 SEWER NETWORK

4.1 Design Standards

4.2 Sewerage Design Flow
4.3 Sewer Pipes
4.4 Manhole
4.5 Proposed Length of Sewer Pipes
4.6 Proposed Diameter and Material of Sewer Pipes

5.0 PRELIMINARY HYDRAULIC GRAVITY SEWER DESIGN CALCULATIONS

6.0 EXAMPLE OF FLOW COMPUTATION USING MANNING EQUATION

7.0 RESULTS

APPENDIX ‘A’ – HYDRAULIC DESIGN CALCULATION FOR SEWER

APPENDIX ‘B’ – MINUTE MEETING “PEGAWAI PENGAWAL BAGI

PERBELANJAAN DARURAT ARAHAN PERBENDAHARAAN 55/ PEROLEHAN
DARURAT ARAHAN PERBENDAHARAAN 173.2: KERJA-KERJA PEMBAIKAN
STRUKTUR KAWALAN BANJIR DAN TEMBOK PENAHAN DI OUTLET KOLAM
TAKUNGAN BANJIR SRI RAMPAI, KUALA LUMPUR”
KERJA-KERJA PEMBAIKAN STRUKTUR KAWALAN BANJIR DAN TEMBOK PENAHAN DI
OUTLET KOLAM TAKUNGAN BANJIR SRI RAMPAI, KUALA LUMPUR.

LAPORAN KEJURUTERAAN

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The scope of work for this project includes the diversion of sewerage flow from existing
MH-B to existing MH-A. The main sewer pipe is proposed to be 900mm diameter RCP.
Refer Minute Meeting “Pegawai Pengawal bagi Perbelanjaan Darurat Arahan
Perbendaharaan 55/ Perolehan Darurat Arahan Perbendaharaan 173.2: Kerja-Kerja
Pembaikan Struktur Kawalan Banjir Dan Tembok Penahan di Outlet Kolam Takungan
Banjir Sri Rampai, Kuala Lumpur” as attached under Appendix B which is self explanatory.

2.0 DESIGN CONCEPT

Based on the existing sewerage system around the area, new sewer line of 900mm
diameter RCP pipe is proposed to be connecting two existing manholes (MH-B and MH-A)
as shown in drawing.

The total length of sewer pipe is approximately 123 m. The sewer pipe shall be 900mm
diameter RCP which will be able to cater for PE of 92,500.

3.0 TABULATION OF POPULATION EQUIVALENT

Based on the pipe gradient between MH-A and MH-B, and the pipe size of 900mm
diameter, the maximum PE capacity is 92,500.

4.0 SEWER NETWORK

4.1 Design Standards
The design of sewer reticulation generally conforms to Malaysian Sewerage Industry
Guideline – Sewer Networks & Pump Stations Vol 111 (third edition) by Suruhanjaya
Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN).
4.2 Sewerage Design Flow
Average sewerage design flow shall be 225 litres / day / person.
a) Peak flow factor shall be determined by :-
Peak factor - 4.7 x p-0.11
Where p is estimated equivalent population in thousand.
b) All sewer pipes and manhole shall comply to the requirement in Section 2, Sewer
Networks & Pump Stations Vol 111 (third edition) by Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air
Negara (SPAN).

c) Hydraulic System
For calculating the capacity of the sewer pipes, the Manning’s Formula is adopted
as follows :-

Q = (1/n) AR2/3S1/2
Where Q = capacity in m3/sec
n = Manning’s Coefficient of Roughness
(for this new VCP Pipe, adopt n = 0.013)
A = Cross sectional area of pipe in m2
R = Hydraulic radius in meter, m
S = Gradient of pipe in meter per meter (m/m)

i) Maximum gradient adopted should be such that the velocity of flow in

the pipeline flowing half or at full bore is not greater than 4.0m/sec
(to avoid scouring effect).
ii) Minimum gradient adopted should be such that the velocity of flow in
the pipeline when flowing half or full bore is not smaller than
0.8m/sec (to maintain self-cleansing characteristic).

4.3 Sewer Pipes

a) All sewer pipes are approved vitrified clay and conform to the requirements of MS1061.
 Table 1 – Typical Manning Coefficient, n

Manning Coefficient, n
Good Condition Bad Condition
Uncoated cast-iron 0.012 0.015
Coated cast iron 0.011 0.013
Ductile iron 0.012 0.015
Vitrified clay pipe 0.010 0.017
Concrete 0.012 0.016

4.4 Manhole

General:-

Precast concrete manholes shall conform to MS 881 and BS 5911. Walls shall have
either PVC lining, high alumina cement, epoxy coating or equivalent. The benching shall
be protected with epoxy coating, high alumina cement mortar or equivalent.

Minimum diameter of manhole chambers constructed from precast concrete rings shall
be as follows:-

Minimum Manhole Diameters

Sewer Chamber Chamber Diameter

(mm) (mm)

225 – 300 1200

375 – 450 1350
525 – 710 1500
820 - 900 1800

An induct vent shall be provided for manhole receiving pumping discharge. Spacing
between manholes shall not be more than 100m for sewer less than 1.0m in diameter. For
sewer greater than 1.0m, the spacing between manholes shall not be more than 150m.
4.5 PROPOSED LENGTH OF SEWER PIPES

SUMMARY OF LENGTH (m)

SIZE OF SEWER PIPE, mm TOTAL (m)

900 RCP

TOTAL (m) 123 123

4.6 PROPOSED DIAMETER AND MATERIAL OF SEWER PIPES

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL

SIZE OF SEWER PIPE , mm

DESCRIPTION 900
MATERIAL OF SEWER PIPE RCP

LEGEND:- RCP – REINFORCED CLAY PIPE

5.0 HYDRAULIC GRAVITY SEWER DESIGN CALCULATIONS

a. Refer Hydraulic calculation under Appendix ‘A’ showing the following details;

(i) Tabulation of manhole Flow Computation for PE, Cumulative PE, Average flow,
Peak Flow Factor, Peak Flow & Cumulative Peak Flow.
(ii) Tabulation of Pipe Computation showing diameter, length, gradient, full pipe
velocity & full pipe flow.
(iii) Tabulation of Manhole and level computation showing fall, ground level, Invert Level
& Depth.
6.0 EXAMPLE OF FLOW COMPUTATION USING MANNING EQUATION

A. Flow Computation

Note : [ ] denotes reference to row number under Table 1

1. Population Equivalent

For sewerline : MH-B to MH-A : CUMULATIVE PE = 92,500 [ 3 ]

2. Average Flow
The average daily design flow shall be based on 225 litre per person.

Average Flow = 225 l/day/ population equivalent

Average Flow = {225/(24 hour x 60min x 60 sec)} x (92,500) = 240.89 liter/sec [ 4 ]

3. Peak Flow Factor

Peak flow factor shall be calculated using formula;

Peak Factor = 4.7 x (PE/1000) -0.11 where PE is Population Equivalent

For sewerline : MH-B to MH-A : CUMULATIVE PE = 92,500

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 x (92500/1000) -0.11 = 2.86 [ 5 ]

4. Peak Flow

Peak Flow = Peak Flow Factor x Average Flow

Cumulative Peak Flow = 2.86 x 240.89 liter/sec = 688.07 liter / sec [ 7 ]

5. Cumulative Peak Flow

Addition of peak flow from up-streams. [ 7 ]

B. Pipe Computation

V = (1/n) R2/3S1/2

Q = VxA

Q = (1/n) AR2/3S1/2

L = 123.00 m

Diameter of Pipe, D = 900 mm

R = cross sectional area of flow / wetted perimeter

For a pipe flowing full, R = π/4 x D 2 / (π x D) = D / 4

R = 0.225 / 4 = 0.225;

S = Gradient of pipe in meter per meter (m/m)

S = Vertical Level Differences between Manholes / Length of Pipe

S = {41.826 (up-stream) – [41.647] (down-stream)} / 123.00 = 0.0015 [ 10 ]

For Manning Coefficient, n = 0.013

V = (1/0.013) x 0.2252/3 x 0.0015½ = 1.09 m/sec [ 11 ]

Q=VxA

Q = 1.09 m/sec x (π x D x D / 4) = 0.69088 cu/sec

1 cu.m = 1000 liter

Q = 0.69088 cu/sec x 1000 = 690.88 liter/sec [ 12 ]

7.0 RESULTS

Based on the computation of sewer flow, the results of the analysis are attached under

Appendix ‘A’ using Coefficient of Manning, n = 0.013. With the available gradient and

internal pipe size, the velocity is found to be within the acceptable limits of minimum

0.8 m/s and maximum 4.0 m/s.

APPENDIX ‘A’
APPENDIX ‘B’