- 1I 11 :." ~ ".· ~ · ~ II :,· c;· c;· ~ ·~ 1 1 1I ... .....

- •
 FROM THE EDITOR
S
peaking to the Hou se of Lord s on
March 2, 1770, William Pitt observed
that "There is something behind the
throne greater than the king himself." The
next century, anothe r British states man,
Benjamin Disraeli, expressed a similar sen-
timent when he wrote in his novel Conings-
by, or the New Generation (1844): "[T[he
world is governed by very different person-
ages from what is imagined by those who
are not behind the scenes."
Here in the United States, this power be-
hind the throne is most often referred to as
"the Establishment" and its most significant
"front organization" is the Council on For-
eign Relation s (CFR). From the ranks of this
Establishment powerhouse
co me the captains and
kings of government, busi-
ness, and finance. Demo-
cratic President Bill Clinton
is a member, as is Repub-
lican Speaker of the House
Newt Gingrich.
" [The CFR ' s members]
are the nearest thin g we
have to a ruling establish-
ment.. ." Washington Post
co lumnis t Ri ch ard Har-
wood confessed in the
paper' s October 30, 1993
edition. "This is not a retinue of people who
'look like America' ... but they very defi-
nitely look like the people who, for more
than half a centu ry, have managed our inter-
national affairs and our military-industrial
co mplex ." He should know. The Post 's
principal owner and several of the editors
are also members of this exclusive Estab-
lishment club. Yet the Coun cil on Foreign
Relations is hardly a household name, and
anyone who condemns its awesome power
runs the risk of being branded a "rig ht-wing
extremist."
In this specia l issue of THE NEW AMERI-
CAN, we examine not only the power behind
the throne , but its objectives and modus op-
erandi. We identify its ultimate objective as
the creation of a totalitarian one-world gov-
ern ment, oft entimes euphemi stically re-
ferred to by the Insider s themselves (not to
mention other internationalists) as a "new
world order." That objec tive, of course, is
no t sha re d by th e vas t maj ority of th e
Ameri can people, and for that very reaso n
the plotter s must obfuscate their global de-
signs. We dare call this plotting by many uf
the world's rich and powerful a conspiracy.
To be sure, the CFR itself is not the con-
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
Publisher
John F. McManus
Assoc iate Publisher
spiracy, and the members of the CFR are not Thomas G. Gow
all new world orderites. Yet in the shadows
- behind the CFR and other powerful inter- Editor
Gary Benoit
nationalist gro upings such as the Trilateral
Commi ssion , behind the giant tax-exempt Managing Editor
foundations, behind the Wall Street and David W. Bohon
Federal Reserve financial and banking inter- Senior Editors
ests, behind presidents and prime ministers, William F. Jasper
behind the NAFT AlGA TI/IMFINATOIUN William Norman Grigg
axis, behind even the co mmunist menace it-
Wash ington Editor
self - is the conspiracy for global control. William P. Hoar
An outlandish notion? Dangerous "right-
wing" paranoia? The majo r media mavens Editorial Ass istant
Alton S. Windsor, Jr.
would certainly like yo u to think so. And
to help impl ant such thin king, they have Contributors
even attempted to lump together responsible Hilaire du Berrier
Samuel L. Blumenfeld
critic s of the new world or-
James J. Drummey
der with virul ent raci sts G. Edward Griffin
who burn black churches Jane H. Ingraham
and armed terrorists who Robert W. Lee
blow up federal buildings. Neland D. Nobel
They have gone so far as Charles E. Rice
Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.
to warn darkly of a vas t Fr. James Thornton
" rig ht-wing co nspiracy"
that must be reckoned with Art Director
- through the imposition Scott J. Alberts
of unprecedented police Senior Graphic Artist
state measures and the sac- Cathy L. Dercks
rifice of some of our hard- Senior Desktop
won liberties. But a global Publishing Specialist
conspiracy to destroy free- Steven J. DuBord
dom? It doesn't exist!
Market ing Director
Yet in spite of the Establishment line, a Sharilyn M. Stanley
conspiracy for global co ntrol does exist and
the evidence demonstrating the existence of Advert ising/Circulation
Julie DuFrane, Mgr.
that conspir acy is both plenti ful and con- Deborah Paltzer, Asst. Mgr.
vincing. Part of that evidence has been as-
sembled in the pages that follow. (Additional Research
evidence is listed in the three-pa ge bibliog- Thomas R. Eddlem, Dir.
Thomas A. Burzynski
raphy beginning on page 73.)
Man y observers of our national decline
resist the notion of a co nspiracy in high
places because they want to believe the best
of our leaders. But if the "fix" is in, the only
way to reverse course is to expose that un-
newAmerican
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 •
Vol. 12, No. 19 'uw murlean September 16, 1996

CONSPIRACY: IDENTITY AND OBJECTIVES

OVERVIEW· 5
Is there any hard evidence of a conspiracy to pull
our nation into an all-powerful world government?

THE INSIDERS· 13
For many decades the Council on Foreign Relations
has been the reservoir of this nation 's globalist "wise
men" and their new world order schemes

CHARTING THE CFR . 16

From past to present, major CFR movers and
shakers are listed - with the roles they have filled

DRIVE FOR GLOBAL CONTROL . 23, 27

Semantics aside, a core of internationalist elites
insist on absolute control of the planet, with the
Godless United Nations as their enforcement arm

The atheistic world government envisioned by the

Insiders would be starkly different from our own
Republic , founded solidly on "unalienable rights"

Creating global crises. (page 49)

HARVEST OF TYRANNY· 33
Government - particularly the totalitarian communist
kind - has been this century 's worst mass murderer

ROOTS OF CONSPIRACY· 35
Today's conspiracy for global control can be traced
back at least 200 years

THE COMMUNIST ARM . 39

A look at the record shows that our government
has consistently aided the advance of communism

Two centuries of conspiratorial intrigue. (page 35)

Cover: NASA photo

CONSPIRACY: STRATEGY AND TACTICS

CONTROLLING THE DEBATE· 43

The unconstitutional regulations and laws that
threaten our freedoms are based largely on false
alternatives and contrived rationales

THE PRINCIPAL OF REVERSAL . 45

Many of our most onerous federal chains - such as
the income tax - were guided into being by the very
folks they were supposedly meant to effect the most

PRETEXTS FOR CONTROL . 49

The Insiders realize that to gain control they must
first create a "crisis" for which only they can provide
a "solution" War, the tool of tyrants. (page 63)

ACTION AND REACTION· 51

Tragic events such as the Oklahoma City bombing
are exploited by corrupt politicians to further centralize
governmental power
PRESSURE FROM ABOVE & BELOW· 55
The Conspiracy uses the "pincers strategy" to create
"demand" for totalitarian laws they want implemented
YOUR WEAPON OF TRUTH
FALSE CONSPIRACY THEORIES . 67
Rumors of black helicopters, invading UN troops ,
and a secret Zionist conspiracy are a few of the phony
leads that neutralize good Amer ican patriots

"GOOD" AND "BAD" COMMUNISTS . 59 THE POWER OF KNOWLEDGE . 71

If the incredible metamorphosis of heretofore bloody The only weapon that will lead us to victory over the
tyrants from hardline to "former" commun ists seems Consp iracy is truth in the hands and hearts of
a bit farfetched , there is a very good reason courageous Ame ricans

THE WAR STRATEGY· 63 AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY· 73

An astute observer of history has observed that war This annotated listing emphasizes original sources
has ever been one of the tyrant's most effective tools and the Establishment's own documents so the
reader can witness the evidence firsthand

WINNING THE WAR· 76

Merely knowing the truth is not enough; to win good
Americans must battle together against the Godless
Conspiracy seeking to enchain us in world government

TNA On-Line!
THE NEW AMERICAN now has an official
World Wide Web page on the Internet.
To find us, set your web browser to:
http://www.jbs.org/tna

Faking the death of communism. (page 59)

 OVERVIEW

Conspiracy: Where's the Proof?

Is there any hard evidence of an Inside r plot for a "new world order"?

Conspiracy theory is do ing Am er-

ica real harm. Long incub atin g un-
de rground, it has grown into the
greatest enslaver of human minds
since co mm unism. It irrationalizes
thin kin g on eve ry iss ue. It kills. It
turns millions of Ame ricans against
their own country. It undermines for-
eign p olicy by vilify ing our govern-
ment's every effort.
- Ira Strau s
Christian Science Monitor

,'W hat is the milieu in which

cri mi na l gro ups of ' free-
men' and Oklahom a City
bombe rs grow? " asked Ira Straus in a May
13, 1996 op-ed for the Chr istian Science
M onitor. His answer : " It is the under-
world of co nspiracy theory, a subculture
in which people share fantasies of fight-
ing heroically against a huge Conspiracy
that is taking over the world. "
The Str aus essay , "When Conspiracy
Theory Replaces Th ought ," is subtitled,
"The U.S. is threatened by Americans who
believe Washington is part of a plot to en-
slave us in a 'New World Order,' " and it
is but one of the latest and most blatant
volleys in an ongoing ca mpaign by the
establishment media to paint in blacke st
terms anyone who use s the dread " C"
word.
Crackpots and False Patriots
In his Monitor piece , Straus defines the
"problem" further: "For decades, the John
Birch Society has spread word of the Con-
spiracy: The international bank ers who
pun all the strings. The ones who really
co ntrol both the Communist con spiracy
and the United States government. The
Tri lateral Commission. The Federal Re-
serve, which is ruinin g our mone y. The
Council on Foreign Rel ations - psst,
they're out to destr oy the Constitution ,
take away our guns, and enslave us in a
United Nation s One-World Communist
govern ment. Th eir co de words: 'New
World Order.' ''
According to Straus, who is U.S. coor-
Is Rush right? His ridicule of conspiracy notion has become a stock in trade.
dinator of the Committee on Eastern Eu-
rope and Russia in NATO , "Once a mind
is trapped in the circular logic of co n-
spiracy theory, it rarely finds a way out on
its own." And this is a very "dangerous"
thi ng indeed , he ass ur es us, bec au se
"crack pots" infected with such "Birchist
fantasy" are "capable of blowing up fed-
eral buildings."
Simi lar rantings spi ll out of False Pa-
triots: The Threat ofAnti-Governm ent Ex-
tremi sts, a slick, 72-page smea r by the
Southern Poverty Law Center/Klanw atch,
which is widely quoted in the media as an
authoritative source on "right-wing" fa-
natics. "The Patr iot movement ," claims
the SPLC diatribe , "is a potpourri of the
American right , fro m member s of the
Chri stian Coaliti on to the Ku Klux Klan
- people united by their hatred of the
federa l government."
After thus employing the most rancid
of tactics to unfairly associate every one to
the right of Bill and Hillary with violent
KKK racists, the SPLC tract darkly warns:
" If America is to be saved, Patri ots be-
licvc, our government must be destroyed."
Lik e Strau s' screeching monitor y, the
SPLC tirade warns that "Conspiracy theo-
ries fuel the [Patri ot] movement ": theories
of a "New World Order," a "United Na-
tions-domi nated global government," and
"a n end to Ameri can sovereig nty."
In like mann er comes John J. Nutter,
PhD , an instant media -anointed "expert
on ex tre mis m," whose utt er an ces are
uncriticall y accept ed and reverently re-
peat ed as gospel. In a syllabus he pro -
vided to members of the law enforcement
community who attended his seminar in
Oklahoma on "Criminal Justice and Right-
wing Extremism in America," Dr. Nutter
listed "Potentia l Warning Signs" which
may indicate that "an individual is active
in an extremist group, or plannin g violent
or crim inal acti vity." Amon g the "warn-
ing signs" accordin g to Nutter: "Do they
menti on: The Council on Foreign Rela-
tion s (CFR), the Trilateral Commission
(Trilatera lists), David Rockefeller, Henry
Kissinger, Bilderbergers, the Illuminati" ?
Or do they show "excessive concern" over
the "United Nations, loss of U.S. sover-
eignty to the UN ... U.S. particip ation in
UN peacekeeping" ? In Nutter ' s syllabus
section entitled "Ex tremist Literature," we
find THE NEW AMERICAN magazine and
book s by its publi sher, John F. McM anus;

THE NEW AMERICA N / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996 5

 American industrialist Armand Hammer: Friend of Lenin helped
launder Soviet subsidies to the American Communist Party.
its senior editor , William Norman Grigg;
and a contributing author, G. Edward
Griffin.
By now it is a tire somely familiar
theme redundantly shrieked by the usual
cacophonous chorus : Bill Clinton, Janet
Reno, Louis Freeh, the New York Times,
the Washington Post, Time magazine, An-
thony Lewis , Molly Ivins, Frank Rich,
Morris Dees, the Anti-Defamation League,
the ACLU , etc. According to the frantic
refrains of this querulous choir, those who
mention "conspiracy" or oppose the "new
world order" and the United Nations share
culpability with those terrorists who
bombed the Murrah Building in Okla-
homa City . They are, shrills the choir,
"dangerous," "irrational, " and "paranoid."
Those who take a principled, courageous
stand for limited , constitutional govern-
ment, who seek change through legiti-
mate, honorable means , and who speak
out against the abuses and usurpations of
big government, are denounced as "anti-
government."
Drawing the most practiced tactic from
their slimy smear arsenal , the "liberals"
attempt to silence all opposition and de-
bate by falsely and cowardly tagging their
adversaries with "fascist," "racist," "anti-
Semite," "Nco-Nazi," "KKK" labels. It is
a performance worthy of Lenin, who
wrote: "We can and must write in a lan-
guage which sows among the masses hate,
revulsion, scorn, and the like , toward
those who disagree with us ." And the
6 THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
most intense hate, revulsion, and scorn
seems always reserved for anti-commu -
nists who see conspiracy .
Attacks From "Conservatives"
The liberal-left, to be sure , holds no
monopoly on hysterical antagonism to
"conspiracy theory." Many conservatives
likewise erupt in paroxysms of pique at
the mention of anything that may sound
even remotely related to conspiracy. Or
they roll their eyes and smirk in ostenta-
tious displays of smug superiority to the
poor unsophisticated fools who "fall for
grossly simplistic answers to complex
problems. "
Radio maestro Rush Limbaugh epito-
mizes this type of pseudo-sophisticate.
The grand poohbah of broadcast blather
and bombast reserves his most vitriolic
ridicule for those who express belief in In the 1950s, the puppeteers of
power politics , ruling elites, and the drive world events were supposedly the "in-
for world government, calling them "con- ternational Communist conspiracy."
spiracy wackos." Engaging in the kind of The conspiracy was centrally di-
reductio ad absurdum for which "liberals" rected from Moscow, from which it
are infamous , Limbaugh offers his listen- extended globally like the arms of an
ers a "pop quiz " : "If Trilateralist A is octopus . Iron discipline held the con-
driving West at 60 miles per hour and spirators together ; highly publicized
Trilateralist B is driving East at 75 miles feuds among various communist na-
per hour, how long will it take to control tions were merely clever propa-
the country?" Or, even more typical of the ganda, meant to lull the West into
liberal-left he claims to hate, he fabricates complacency.
a straw man, falsely attributing positions
to those he wishes to discredit, as in his R ecent R evelatio ns
repeated false claim that the John Birch Amazing! Absolutely amazing! Mr.
Society has called "[William F.] Buckley Bidinotto's mocking jab at the supposed
 they were serving a ' higher good .' ''
However, today - as in decade s past
- American high school and college stu-
dents are still subjected to the rabidly pro-
Marxist, anti-anti-commun ist propaganda
of subversive textbook s. When it comes to
reading about communism, the Cold War,
and related topics, their resources are still
likely to be The Paranoid Style in Ameri-
can Politics, by Columbi a University Pro-
fessor Richard Hofstadter; The Politics of
Unreason: Right-wing Extremism in Amer-
ica, 1790-1970, by Seymour Martin Lipset
and Earl Raab; The Fear of Conspiracy,
by Cornell Univer sity Profe ssor David
Brion Davis; Danger on the Right, by
Benjamin R. Epstein and Arnold Forster

Red "ma rtyrs" : Recent revelations confirm that

of the Anti-Defam ation League; Th e

Great Fear, by David Caute ; and other
left-wing fare that has misguided the "in-
tellectual con sen su s" of the pa st two
generations.

Communist Phenomenon
Yes, Mr. Bidinotto , there was a com-
munist conspiracy. And there is a commu-
nist con spir acy. Communism has been,
and remain s, the single most dramaticall y
significant phenomen on of our centu ry. It
has enslaved billion s of souls across our
g lobe and has murder ed between 100 mil-
lion and 300 million . Even if one accepts
the notion that "the Soviet Empire disin-

THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996 7

 world will be decided." Honest dupes and
misguided idealists may be intellectually
con verted , that is true, but those who have
consciou sly chosen evil are not likely to
be converted by "ideas ." The y must be
morally and spiritually con verted , or re-
strained by force. Sending missionaries
into tro ubled areas to help keep young-
sters from going into a life of crime may
be a wise preventive measure, but without
an essential police presence with adequate
inve stigation and enforcement efforts,
common hoods and organized crimi -
nal elements will soon ov erwhelm
the unprotected.
Defining the Terms
In his instructions to the jury in the
tria l of Soviet atom bomb spies Julius
and Ethel Rosenberg, Jud ge Irving R.
Kaufman gave this important explana-
tion of con spiracy:
For two or more persons to con-
spire, con federate or combine to-
gether to commit or cause to be
committed a breach of the criminal
law of the United State s is an of-
fense of grave character which in-
volves a plotting to subvert the law.
It is almost alway s characterized by
secrecy, rendering detection diffi-
cult and requiring much time for its
discovery. Becau se of this the stat-
ute has made a con spira cy to com-
mit a crime a distinct offen se from
the crim e itself. From the point of
view of the law there is danger to the
public when two or more people con-
spire to do something that is unlawful
because by virtue of the aggregation
of number s the intent assumes a
more formid able di sadvantageous
aspect to the public .
The "aggregation of numbers" acting in
secret to carry out unlaw ful acts does in-
deed multiply the danger, makin g it far
more formidable. "What is a conspiracy?"
Judge Kaufman asked , and then answered,
"A conspiracy may be defined as a com -
bination of two or more perso ns, by con -
certed action, to accomplish a criminal
and unlawful purpose, or some purpose
not in it self unlawful or crimin al , by
criminal or unlawful means...."
"However," he pointed out, "it is not
nece ssary in order to con stitute a con -
spiracy that two or more persons should
meet together and enter into an explicit
8 THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
or fo rmal agreement for an unl awful
scheme, or that they should directly, by
words or in writing, state what the unlaw-
ful scheme was to be, and the details of
the plan or means by which the unlawful
scheme was to be made effective." Kauf-
man exp lained :
It is sufficient if two or more per-
sons, in any manner, or through any
contrivance, impliedly or tacitly ,
come to a mutu al understanding to
AI Capone: Murderous Chicago mobster
hid truth behind facade of philanthropy.
acco mplish a common and unla wful
design , knowing its object , and that
one or more of them commit an overt
act in furtherance of the con spiracy.
In other words, where an unlawful
end is sought to be effected and two
or more persons, actuated by the
common purp ose of accomplishing
that end, knowingly work together in
any way in fur therance of the un-
la wful sche me, e veryone of said
person s bec omes a member of the
co nspiracy, although his part therein
be a subordinate one , or be executed
at a remote distance from the other
conspirators.
Notice that it is not necessary that all
members of a conspiracy be on the same
le vel , have th e sa me moti ves, or th e
sa me knowled ge of all operations, plans,
a nd go als of th e con spi ra cy . In fac t,
rarely is that the case. Th ere is almost
alw ays a hierarch y in con spiracies of
any size.
Conspiracies are a fact of human na-
ture, presen t throughout all of recorded
hist or y. Pick up a ne wspap er in virtu-
all y any cit y on almos t any day of the
we ek and you will find a story about
a grand jury issuin g indictments for
con spiracy. Mo st people have no diffi -
cu lty understanding and accepting this
idea of consp iracy. However, the idea
of a global, self-perpe tuating co nspiracy
- a conspiracy immense enough to
manipulate and co ntrol governments
and economies - seems to many a bit
farfetched.
Historical Precedents
But it will not seem at all a foreig n
concept to those familiar with history,
for there are ample precedents re-
co rded of vast, powerful, transconti-
nental , transgenerational con spiracies.
The diaboli cal cult of Thugee, for ex-
ample, was as vile and dan gerous a
criminal consp iracy as has eve r ex-
isted. The Thu gs were a crimin al se-
cret society in India which co mbined
robbery with reli gious devotion that
involved ritual murder (us ually by
strangulation) and human sacrifice to
the goddess Kali. This tran sgenera-
tional crimin al conspira cy thrived du r-
-c
::;: ing the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries,
~ but is believed by some historians to
date back as far as the 12th century .
Dur ing their long reign of terror, the
Thu gs claimed co untless victims and it
took an all-out "war" by the British colo-
nial go vernment in the 1830s to finally
deli ver India from this terrible scourge.
As notoriou s and fiendish as the Thugee
was the secret and infamous order of the
Assa ssins, wh ose very name pos terity
identifies with the most vile criminality.
Founded by Hasan Saba in 1090 in Per-
sia, the Assassins, or Hashishiyin (derived
from their use of the narcotic hashish to
ensn are and inculcate fanatical adepts)
soo n spread th eir male fic influen ce
throughout Asi a and the Middle East.
While profes sing fidel ity to orthodox Is-
lam and maintaining an outward facade of
piet y, Saba ' s sect, through whic h initiate s
graduated in hierarch ical degrees, was, in
fact, an atheist-materialist cabal motivated
by an insatiable lust for power. Thi s sect
perfected the use of murder, decepti on,
corruption, and subversion to achieve its
nefarious end s.
Remember Capone?
Closer to our own time, we are all
somewhat familiar with the huge criminal
conspiracy run by Al Capone. According
to the World Encyclopedia of Organi zed
Crime: "Capone was a murderous th ug
without remorse .... He was responsib le for
perhaps as many as one thousand or more
murders, certainly hundreds. Worse , for a
decade the city of Chicago embraced this
bragging, boasting, strutting killer, its
newspapers paying homage to him and
quoting his every cretinous statement, its
citizens - a goodly portion of the popu-
lation - nodding tolerantly, if not ap-
provingly, in his direction ."
With the fabulous wea lth gained from
his criminal enterprises, Capone bribed
cops, judges, jurors, prosecutors, and re-
porters - and "gave generously to char-
ity." Notes the Encyclopedia, "Capone
spent money lavishly on himself and those
about him, projecting the image of gener-
osity , of a philanthropist to the common
man. Old-timers in Chicago still pay his
bloody memory offhand compliments
about the so-called soup kitchens Capone
estab lished in Chicago during the Depres-
sion to feed the hungry, little realizing that
the crime boss did this at the suggestion
of attorneys attempting to improve his
horrible reputation when he was being
tried for income-tax evasion." Much of
the public and many politicians were will-
fully blind, refusing to believe that Ca-
pone was in fact the evil crime lord his
New York Mafia don John Gatti: After his 1992 RICO conv iction , an army of
"supporters" materia lized for a riot stage-managed by Gatti 's lieutenants.
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
accusers made him out to be.
So it was also with the crime bosses
who followed after him. It wasn't until af-
ter the New York Sta te Police discovered
a meeting of 6 1 top Mafia figures on No-
vember 14, 1957 at a house in Apalachin,
New York, that the FBI , the International
Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) ,
and many others in law enforcement even
acknowledged the existence of the Mafia.
Even 1. Edgar Hoover had frequently de-
nied that such an organized crime entity
exis ted. "They' re just a bunch of hood-
lums," he wou ld comment. Likewise,
politicians, prosecutors, and journalists
would dismiss talk of a Mafia with inter-
national ties , blood oaths, and family
structure as the product of the lurid imag-
inings of pulp fiction writers.
This writer once interviewed a chief of
police who had pioneered in the investi-
gation of the U.S. Mafia and who told of
his exasperation over the years at trying to
convince his IACP colleagues of the ex-
istence of the Mob, and of his equal frus-
tration with those who admitted to
know ledge of the Mafia but would not
publicly say so, nor launch a concerted
law enforcement drive against these orga-
nized forces of evil.
Not until 1963, when Mafia defector
Joseph Valachi testified before the Senate
Rackets Committee, did we even learn the
name the mafiosi themselves applied to
their criminal syndicate: Cosa Nostra -
"Our Thing."
The most infamous mobster since Ca-
pone is John Gatti. Even though his rise
to the top of New York 's Gambino crime
family left behind a trail of corpses, the
"Teflon Don, " as he was glamorized in
the press, seemed untouchable. Time af-
ter time he skated free, basking in the
glory of his celebrity and mockingly pro-
testing his total innocence. His attorneys
and defenders sneered at charges that he
was involved in any criminal enterprise.
Gotti was merely a hardworking plumb-
ing salesman and garment center entrepre-
neur, a family man who lived by modest
means, they argued. "He's only on trial
because the government hates it that
people love him," declared Carlo Vaccar-
rezza, his loyal adman.
When Gatti was finally convicted on
RICO charges in 1992, throngs of sup-
porters "spontaneously" materialized out-
side the courthouse with "Free John
Gotti" and "We Love You, John " plac-
ards. When the verdict was announced,
the thousand-or-so "demonstrators" rioted
on cue, overturning police cars, smashing
shop windows , and battling the police.
Perhaps this made-to-order mayhem was
the product of mere "consensus," but
conspiratorialists couldn't help noticing
that this rioting mob had been transported
to the site on chartered buses, provided
with pre-made signs , and received direc-
tion from Gotti street hoods with walkie
talkies and cellular phones.
Mob/Red Pa rtnership
The point is that the Mafia is a massive,
transcontinental, trans generational, self-
perpetuating criminal conspiracy that has
operated in this country since at least the
turn of the century, and in Italy and Sicily
for perhaps three-quarters of a century be-
fore that. Yet only recently has law en-
forcement succeeded in penetrating the
surface of this dark menace . It is impor -
tant to note also that this criminal con-
spiracy has long worked in concert with
the communist conspiracy.
Much of what we know of the Mafia-
communist symbiotic relationship has
come from communist defectors such as
Maurice Malkin, a member of the Com-
munist Party ' s inner circle who had man-
aged the Daily Worker and kept the Party
membership lists . Malkin , a founding
member of the Communist Party , USA,
revealed details of this connection in his
powerful autobiography, Return to My
Father's House:
9
 The Communist Party of the
United States has had an agreement
with the Mafia since 1924, with the
arrival in the United States of Eneo
Sormenti, alias Vidali Contreras
Victorio .... Upon his arrival he rees-
tablished the understanding between
the Mafia and the Comm unists that
was mad e in Ita ly by Bordiga, a
lead er of the Ital ian Commun ist
Party, and by Ercoli Palmieri Togli-
atti, alias Ercoli .
The agreement called for the Ma-
fia to do work for the Communist
International, such as murdering op-
ponents , distributing counterfeit cur-
rency and dope, stealing government
documents such as seals and stamps
for foreig n passports, and other jobs
which Commun ist agents could not
carry out, but which the Mafia and its
connections could.
According to General Major Jan Sejna
of Communist Czechoslovakia, one of
the highest -ranking defectors ever from
the Soviet bloc , the Kremlin launched a
major global effort in the 1950s to more
thoro ughly penetrate organized crime in
all countries. As told in Red Cocaine, by
Dr. Joseph Douglas, General Sejna ex-
plained the plan: "The Soviets reasoned
that if they could successfully infiltrate
organized crime, they would have un-
usually good possibilities to control
many politicians and would have access
to the best information on drugs, money,
weapons, and corruption of many kinds.
A secondary reason was to use organized
crime as a covert mechanism for distri but-
ing drugs."
"Rescued" by the West
Working hand in hand, these two globe-
straddling conspiracies wield enormous
power. But this convergence of criminal
interests and cooperation does not alone
begin to explain the incredible totalitarian
communist advances during the decades
after World War II. The commu nists were
relentlessly carrying out their comprehen-
sive plan for global conquest, as detailed
in the Programme of the Communist In-
ternational, adopted at its 6th Congress in
Moscow, September 1, 1928. But, incred -
ibly, they were also advancing their dia-
bolical design with indispensable help
from the capitalist West (see page 39).
More and more Americans began com-
ing to the realization in the 1950s that the
10
advances of communism abroad and so- visited the New York City headquarters of
cialism at home had more to do with poli- the Ford Foundation at the invitation of
cies and programs emanating from New Ford President H. Rowan Gaither. At that
York and Washington than from Moscow . meeting, Dodd later recounted, Gaither
It was the vast transfusion of Western brazenly told him that he and others who
technology and money taken from Ameri- had worked for the State Department and
can taxpayers that time after time saved other federal agencies had for years "op-
comm unism from collapse. It was re- erated un der directives issued by the
peated betrayal by American diplomats, White House, the substance of which was
bureaucrats, and politicians that turned to the effect that we shou ld make every
scores of nations and hundreds of millions effort to so alter life in the United States
of souls over to brutal tyranny. It was as to make possible a comfortable merger
American officials who time after time with the Soviet Union."
The Seat of Power
It was growing obvious to many that
that was exactl y the course which our
government was following. Dr. Bella
Dodd, a former member of the Natio nal
Commi ttee of the Communis t Party,
USA, who left the Party and became a
committed anti -communist, reco unted
that on occasion top orders for the Party
came not from Moscow but from any
one of three designated men at the
Waldorf Towers in New York - all of
whom were extremely wealthy Ameri-
can capitali sts. "I think the Communist
conspiracy is merely a branc h of a much
bigger conspiracy," said Dr. Dodd . "I
would certai nly like to find out who is
really running things. "
An important clue concerning "who is
really running thing s" was revealed in
Ford President Rowan Gaither admitted 1966 when Professor Carroll Quigley of
to Insider merger plan with Soviet Union.
Georgetown University published his
appointed communists and communist massive history , Tragedy and Hope. Pro-
sympathizers to sensitive government fessor Quigley, who had access to the se-
posts and then fought their removal when cret records of the international network
they were discovered. It was many of of moneyed power elites who have formed
America's top financiers, bankers, and in- much of our governmental policies for de-
dustrialists who were arranging loans and cades , averred that "this network , which
financial aid to the Kremlin. we may identify as the Round Table
Informed Americans became alarmed Groups, has no aversion to cooperating
at the key role that several of the large tax- with the Communists, or any other groups,
exempt foundation s - Ford, Rockefeller, and frequently does so."
and Carnegie, particularly - had been That same year , Robert Welch, founder
playing in providing funds to individuals of the John Birch Society, published his
and organizations identified with commu - important essay entitled The Truth in
nism and socialism. Even worse, some of Time. In it he stated that "the Communist
the fou ndations had communists and movement is only a tool of the total con-
subvers ives on their staffs and boards of spiracy," and pointed to the West as the
directors (one of the most egregious ex- real seat of the conspiracy 's power. It is
amples being the appointment of notori - our intention, in the following pages, to
ous Soviet spy Alger Hiss to head the present the truth about the Conspiracy and
Carnegie Endowment). the Conspirators, and their goals, strategy,
In 1952, the U.S. House of Repre senta- and tactics, in the hope that a sufficient
tives e stablished a formal committee to number of Americans can be awakened
investigate the foundations. In 1953, the and moved to proper action - in time. •
committee's top researcher, Norman Dodd, - WILLIAM F. J ASPER
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 THE INSIDERS
An Internationalist Primer
W
riting in the July 17, 1926 issue
of The Saturday Evening Post ,
author Arthur D. Howden Smith
presented a profile of an enigmatic man
named "Colonel" Edward Mandell House.
Although few Americans beyond the rar-
efied realm s of the political elite kne w
much of Hou se , the austere Texan had
played a deci sive role in many of the most
important policy decision s made by Presi-
dent Woodrow Wilson. On more than one
occasion , Wil son described House as his
"silent partner," his "second personality,"
his "independent self." Although this
friendship would later disintegrate under
the stress of political disappointment, dur-
ing the eight year s of the Wilson Admin-
istration , the Pr esident maintained of
Hou se that " his thoughts and mine are
one ."
Smith recounted that during and after
World War I, Hou se and Wil son had
"dreamed ... great dreams of modeling
civilization anew" - dreams that would
collide abruptly with reality when the
Senate refused to approve U.S. enrollment
in the League of Nation s. Following this
defeat, Smith records, Hou se "returned
[from Pari s] to New York , heartbroken,
disappointed, in despair over the failure of
his ambition to make his country the bal-
ance wheel of a new world order. "
His Heart's Desire
House had long entertained notions of
remolding America - and the world -
nearer to his heart 's desire. According to
Smith' s admiring biography, House be-
lieved that "the Constitution, product of
eightee nth century minds and a quasi-
cla ssical , medie val conception of repub-
lics, was thoroughly outdated ; that the
country would be better off if the Consti-
tution could be scrapped and rewritten. "
This ambition inspired House' s 1912
novel Philip Dru: Administrator, in which
an "idealistic" Marxi st conducts a coup
and installs socialist reform s by dictatorial
decree.
House described the novel as an expres-
sion of "my ethical and political faith " ;
thu s it is of som e m oment that the book's
hero seeks to establish "S ociali sm as
dreamed of by Karl Marx ," embellished
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
with "a spiritual leavening. "
Among the most cherished
reforms envisioned in Philip
Dru is the creation of a
"League of Nations" (the
term specifically used by
House in his novel ) and the
submergence of the United
State s into a world go vern-
ment.
When , in re al life , the
League of Nations wa s
thwarted by the U.S. Senate,
House and his colleagues
found it necessary to con-
tinue their struggle by other
means . Hou se was part of a
cabal called "The Inquiry," a
group of 100 "forwa rd-look-
ing " social en gineers who
created the Versailles Peace
Treaty at the clo se of World
War I. This group formed the
nucleus of the Institute of In-
ternational Affairs , which
was to have branches in New
York and London - the Wilson and House: League of Nations failure led
Council on Foreizn Rela- to CFR founding and second try at " world order. "
tions (CFR) and the'" Royal Institute of In- In fact, this network, which we may
ternational Affairs, re spectively. Thi s is identify as the Round Table Groups,
the basis of the "Anglophile network" de- has no aver sion to cooperating with
scribed by historian Carroll Quigley in his the Communists, or any other group s,
1966 book Tragedy and Hope: A History and frequently doe s so. I know of the
of the World in Our Time. * operations of this network because I
Although Quigley offered in Tragedy have studied it for twenty years and
and Hope the de rigueur di smi ssals of was permitted for two year s, in the
"conspiracy theorie s," he did offer some early 1960s , to examine its papers
significant admis sion s: and secret records .
There does exist, and has exi sted The Round Table Groups, which were
for a generation , an international An- " semi-secret di scu ssion and lobbying
glophile network which operate s, to groups," were created to help "federate the
some extent, in the way the radical Engli sh- speaking world along line s laid
Right believes the Communists act. down by Cecil Rhode s...." The American
affiliate of this network, wrote Quigley,
* Quigley, a Harvard-trained histori an who died in
"was known as the Council on Foreign
1977, was the subject of a personal tribute durin g
Bill C linto n's acce pta nce speec h a t th e 1992 Relations...." Although he did not endorse
Democratic Party Convention. Recalling the "sum- all of that network ' s designs or decisions,
mons to citizenship" he had receive d fro m John F.
Quigley was generally supportive of its
Kennedy. Clinton said that "as a studen t at George-
town, I heard that call clarifi ed by a professor I had end s, stating that "my chief difference of
named Carro ll Quigl ey ...." Both Tragedy and opinion is that it wi she s to rem ain un-
Hope and Qui gley' s much more important posthu- known , and I believe its role in histor y is
mous study Th e Anglo-Am erican E,.",bli,./II11<:lIt
are now ava ilable (see inside cove r adve rtisement significant enou gh to be known. "
for ordering inform ation ). It was this network, according to Quig-
13
ley, th at " provided mu ch of the fra me-
work of influ en ce whic h the Communist
sy mpathize rs and fell ow travell er s took
ove r in the United States in the 1930s. It
must be recog nized th at the power th at
these energet ic Left-w inger s exerc ised
was never their own power or Communist
power but was ultimately the power of the
international financial coterie...."
Quigley noted that the working s of
thi s elite were partially revealed by con-
g ress io na l in ve st ig ators in th e 1950s
who, "following back ward to their source
the thread s w hi c h led fro m adm itted
Communi st s like Whittaker Ch ambers,
thro ugh Alger Hiss and the Carn egie En-
d o wment to Th om as Lam ont a nd the
Morgan Bank , fell into the who le co mpli-
cated netw ork of the interlocking tax-ex-
empt found ation s."
The subversive " network of interl ock-
ing tax-e xempt fo unda tio ns," throu gh
whi ch the moneyed elit e has funded the
efforts of "energetic left-wingers," is a
fulfillment of one of Hou se ' s Philip Dru
prophecies: "[I]t will be the educated and
rich , in fact the ones that are now the
mo st selfis h, that will be in the vanguard
of the pro cession . Th ey will be the fi rst
to realize the joy of it all [i.e., co nstruc t-
in g wo rl d socialis m], and in thi s way
the y will red eem the sins of their ances -
tors." Of co urse, that "re de mption" is to
be acco mplis hed by se izing total power
in the name of "social justi ce," " world
sta bility," or so me other grand abstrac-
tion - and that se izure will be paid for
by the mone y, liberty, and lives of the less
fortunate.
The Power Elite
Alth ough Qui gley enjoyed unique ac-
ces s to the formal records of the "Anglo-
phile network, " he is not the only academic
who ha s documented its exi stence and
method s. In a study entitled The Power
Elite, published 40 yea rs ago, Columbia
Univers ity socio log ist C. W ri ght Mills
sought to dismi ss the "co nspirac y theory"
of modern political history - eve n as he
vindicated the esse ntial claim s of the con-

Tracking the Trilateral Commission

n March 1972, David Rockefeller, who at the time was the Japan. Appropriately, Brzezinski was appointed to be the TC' s

I ch airman of both th e Ch ase Manhatt an Bank and the

Council on Foreign Relations, succumbed to a prolonged fit
of idealism. In three separate speeches he described his vision
of an "international commission for peace and prosperity" - a
"private organization whose primary objective ... would be to
bring the best brains in the world to bear on the problem s of the
future. This organization would examine the interrelation ships
between domestic and foreign preoccupations, study new ap-
proaches to the transfer of 'social technologies,' and hopefull y
come up with fresh insights on how we deal with common prob-
lems." Rockefeller proposed that this comm ission includ e "a
governing board of, say, 30 to 40 leading private citizens. drawn
from the Atlantic Alliance nations and Japan ." The guiding ob-
jective of this brain trust would be nothing less than "to rebuild
the conceptual framework of foreign and domestic policies."
Rockefeller' s speeches merely elaborated on proposals of-
fered in Between Two Ages : America 's Role in the Technetronic
Era, which was published in 1970 by Columbia Universit y Pro-
fessor Zbigniew Brzezinski (CFR). In that volume Brzezinski
insisted that "a community of developed nations must eventu-
ally be formed if the world is to respond effectively to increas-
ingly serious crises...."
Furthermore, wrote Brzezinski, since "the emerging commu-
nity of develo ped nations would require some institutional ex-
pression," it wo uld be necessary to se t up "a high-level
consultative council for global cooperation [along with] some
permanent supporting machinery [to] provide continuity to these
consultations." Although the council, as foreshadowed in Be-
tween Two Ages, would initially link only the United States, Ja-
pan, and Western Europ e, it would eventually "embrace the
Atlantic states [and] the more advanced European communis t
states...." Participating nations would grow increasingly inter-
dependent "through a variety of indirect ties and already devel-
oping limitations on national sovereignty."
In 1973 the joint vision of Rockefeller and Brzezinski was
realized with the creation of the Trilateral Commission (TC), an
assembly of elites from North America, Western Europe, and
first director. In purpose and composition, the TC is an interna-
tional version of its immediate progenitor, the Council on For-
eign Relations.
The TC' s membership includes roughly 100 members from
each of the trilateral regions, and its roster is studded with the
names of the wealthy, powerful, and influential. Three of the
last four U.S. Presidents - Jimm y Carter, George Bush, and
Bill Clint on - have been Tril ateral memb ers. The "Former
Member s in Government Service" listed on the 1995 TC roster
include Mr. Clinton, five Clinton Cabinet secretaries, four U.S.
ambassadors, and eight under secretaries, assistant secretaries,
or deputy secretaries.
Of course, TC spokesmen insist that the group's purposes are
benign, and that it exercises its formidable influence only for
good . In an interview published in May of this year, Rockefeller
dismissed accusations that the TC is bent on subverting Ameri-
can liberty as "so absurd I can' t help but, to some extent, find it
amusing."
Percepti ve observers are hardly amused that the Trilateral
Commission' s intellectual progenitor has expressed approval for
the most malignant political philosophy in history - Marxism.
In Between Two Ages, Brzezinski wrote that Marxism "repre-
sents a further vital and creative stage in the maturing of man' s
universal vision .. . a victory of reason over belief."
Speaking at Mikhail Gorbachev' s State of the World Forum
last October, Brzezinski restated the essence of the Trilateral ap-
proach: "We cannot leap into world government in one quick
step.... [This objective] requires a process of gradually expand-
ing the range of democratic cooperation ... a widening, step by
step, stone by stone, [of) existing relatively narrow zones of sta-
bility.... [T]he precondition for eventual globalization - genu-
ine globalization - is progressive regionalization, because
thereby we move toward large, more stable, more cooperative
units."
Step by step, stone by stone, the Trilateralists continue to "re-
build the conceptual framework" of world society. •
- W .N .G .

14 THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

spirato rial perspective. Although Mill s
claimed to find no conspirators in high
place s, he nonetheless admitted, "There is
. . . little doubt that the American power
elite - which contains, we are told, some
of ' the greate st organizers in the world' -
has . . . planned and plotted." He recog-
nized the existence of a definable network
joining eli tes in po litics , academia, the
military, the media , and founda tions, and
admitted, "Certain types of men from
each of the dominant institutional areas,
more far- sighted than others, have ac-
tively promoted the liaison before it took
its truly modern shape."
While many elements of this network
are visible and identifiable, acco rding to
Mill s, "the power elite is not altogether
' surfaced.' ... Many higher events that
wo uld reveal the wor king of the power
elite can be withheld from public knowl-
edge under the guise of secrecy. With the
wide secrecy covering their opera tions
and deci sion s, the power elit e can mask
their intention s, operations, and further
con solidation."
Furthermore, Mills noted, the powe r
elite provide s for its own continuity, and
"new men come readily into it and assume
its existence without que stion." The con-
tinuity of this elite was examined by his-
torian Michael H. Hunt in his 1987 stud y
Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy. Hunt
described the typic al member of the East-
ern Seaboard "anglophile" elite into whose
hands Ame rican foreign policy has been
trusted for more than seve n decades: "His
formal edu cation [comes fro m] pri vate
school s and Ivy League colle ges and law
schools .... He practiced corporate law
until gaining public office, usually by ap-
pointment. Hi s soundness on forei gn -
policy questions was insured by the values
inculcated in elite social circles, in exclu-
sive schools and in establishment clubs and
organizations of which the Council on For-
eign Relations . .. was the most important."
More Than a Club
But the CFR is more than a mere "es-
tabli shment club " ; it is, in the word s of
Washin gton Post ombudsman Richard
Harwood, "the neare st thing we have to a
ruling establishment in the United States."
Writ ing in the October 30, 1993 issue of
the Post, Harwood observed:
The pres ident is a memb er. S o is
his secretary of state, the deputy sec-
retary of state, all five of the under-
THE NE W A MERICA N I SEPTEMBER 16. 1996
secretaries, sev eral of the assistant
secretaries and the department' s le-
gal adviser. The pre sident' s national
sec urity advise r and his deputy are
members. The director of Central In-
telli gence (like all pre viou s direc-
tors) and the chairman of the Forei gn
Intelligen ce Ad vi so ry Board ar e
members. The secretary of defen se,
three undersecretarie s and at least four
ass istant secre taries are member s.
The secretaries of the departments of
housing and urban development, in-
terior, health and human serv ices and
the chief Whit e House pub lic rela-
tions man . .. along with the speaker
of the Hou se [are membe rs]....
Thi s is not a retinue of people who
"look like Americ a," as the President
once put it, but they very definitely
look like the people who, for more
than half a century, have man aged
our intern ational affairs and our mili-
tary-indu strial complex.
Were the CFR an organization numb er-
ing in the millions, the state of affa irs de-
sc ribed by Harw ood mi ght not be so
peculiar. However, the dominance exer-
cised by an organization who se member-
ship numbers appr oximately 3,000 cannot
be mere coincidence, and, as the chart on
pages 20-21 illustrates, the present dom i-
nance of the CFR in government has been
consistent for more than half a century. In
additio n, CFR member s hold important
positions in the tax-exempt foundations,
the medi a, etc. (see pages 16-19).
Goal: Global Government
The CFR's representatives and spokes-
men insist that the group is a scrupulously
nonpartisan "discuss ion group." Former
CFR President Winston Lord once stated
that "the charter of the Council on Foreign
Relations is ultimately to help check ' mo-
ment ary passion ' and shape a ' mature de-
sign' for Ameri ca' s place in the world."
Howe ver, co mme nt ator Jo seph Kr aft
(CFR), wh o re ferred to th e CFR as a
"school for states men," pointed out that
the organization "h as been the seat of
some basic gove rnment decision s, [and]
has set the context for many more ...." In
1953, the congressional Reece Committee
(which was created to inves tigate tax-ex-
empt foundations) conclude d that the CFR
is " in esse nce an age ncy of the United
States gov ernment" and that its influence
is "not obj ecti ve but [rather] directed
overwhelmingly at promoting the global-
ist concept."
Adm iral Chester Ward, who served as
Judge Advocate General for the Navy and
was a memb er of the CFR for 16 years,
offered a more emphatic denu nciation of
the group , testifying that the CFR was
created for the "purpose of prom oting dis-
armament and submergence of U.S. sov-
ereignty and nati onal independence into
an all-powerful one-world government."
He noted that "this lust to surrender the .
sove re ig nty and independence of the
Unite d St ate s is pervasi ve throughout
most of the membership .... The majority
visualize the utopian submergence of the
United Stat es as a subsidiary administra-
tive unit of a glob al government...."
Shaping a Consensus
Admiral Ward, like Carro ll Quigley
and C. Wright Mill s, was careful to point
out that the CFR is not the Conspiracy:
"[The] CFR , as such, does not write the
platforms of both political parties or select
their respective presidential candidates, or
control U.S . defense and forei gn policies.
But CFR members, as indi vidu als, acting
in concert with othe r indi vidual CFR
members, do."
Thi s process ha s been de scribed by
Harvard Business School Professor George
C. Lodge, who is himself a memb er of the
CFR and a trustee of the Carnegie Endow-
ment for International Peace. Lodge writes
that there are "energetic and creative indi-
viduals in govern me nt, interest groups,
and corporations [who] are quietl y asse m-
bling global arrangements to deal with cri-
ses and tensions. For the most part, they
work outside of legislatures and parlia-
ment s and are screened from the glare of
the medi a in order to find common inter-
es ts, sha pe a co nse ns us , and persu ade
those with power to change."
It is in this role of shaping a "co nsen-
sus" that the CFR exerci ses its power. As
James Perl off noted in The Shadows of
Power, the definiti ve survey of the history
and purp oses of the Council on Foreign
Relations, the CFR "is not the Establi sh-
ment, but a surface component of it. Nor
is it a theater of illegitimate activitie s; it
publishes an annua l report in which it
makes a good acco unt of its finances, and
generally it maint ains the trappings of a
pub lic-spirited institution. Beh ind all of
this, however, is a movement to effect a
new world order." •
- WILLIAM N ORMAN G RIGG
15
SHADOWS ACROSS THE LAND:
The New York-based Cou ncil on Foreign Relations
CFR MEMBERS (CFR) boasts fewer than 3,200 members (out of a
U.S. population of more than 250million), manyof
who m are uniquely positioned in the pinnacles of
IN EACH BRANCH power in American governme nt and finan cial
circles. Domin an ce alone proves neither con-
OF GOVERNMENT spiracy nor sinister motives about an organ iza-
tion's mem bership, but continued CFR hegemony
in key positions of power over an extended period
oftimedoes atleast indicatethatthedominanceis
no accident.
Becaus e the CFR 's chief architect, Ed ward
Mandell House, claimed he was seeking "socialism
as dreamed of by Ka rl Marx," and becau se the
organization's publications promote global govern-
ment, CFR dominance does raise troubling ques-

EXECUTIVE
White House Staff
President William J. Clinton
Adviso r for Policy and Stategy
George R. Stephanopou los
Asst. for Science and Technology
John H. Gibbons
Deputy Asst. for Economic Policy
W BowmanCutter
Special Asst. and Senior Director for:
• Russian, Ukrainianand Eurasian
Affairs Coit Blacker
• Democracy MortonHalperin
• Asian Affairs StanleyOwen Roth
Special Asst. and Counselor
Richard Schiller
Olfice ofManagement and Budget
Associate Director for National Security
and International Affairs Gordon Adams
Associate Director for Health and
Personnel Nancy-Ann Min
National Security Council
PresidentWilliam J. Clinton
Sec retaryof State Warren Christopher
Director of Central Intelligence
John M. Deutch
Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
General John M. Shalikashvili
Secretaryof theTreasury Robert E. Rubin
U,S. Representative to the UnitedNations
MadeleineK. Albright
Asst. for National Security Affairs
W Anthony Lake
Asst. for Economic Policy Laura D.Tyson
Deputy Asst. for National SecurityAffairs
Samuel R. Berger
Deputy Asst. for Nationai Security Affairs
Nancy E. Soderberg
Olfice ofNational
Drug Control Policy
Director Barry R. McCaffrey
Olfice of Science
and Technology Policy
Office of Science andTechnology Policy
Director JohnH. Gibbons
Associate Director for National Security
and International Affairs Jane Wales
Associate Director for Technology
Lionel S. Johns
Olfice ofthe Vice President
Senior Policy AdvisorElaine C. Kamarck
State Department
Secretaryof State WarrenM. Christopher
Deputy Secretaryof State Strobe Talbott
UnderSecretaryfor:
• Political Affairs Peter Tarn off
• Economic and Agricu ltural Affairs
JoanE. Spero
• Global Affairs Timothy E. Wirth
• ArmsControl and International Security
Affai rs Lynn E. Davis
• Management RichardM. Moose
Asst. Secretaryfor:
• Population, Refugee, and Migration
Affairs Phyllis E. Oakley
• Democracy, HumanRights and Labor
John Shattuck
• AfricanAffairs George Moose
• East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Winston Lord
• Europeanand Canadian Affairs
Richard Holbrooke
• Inter-AmericanAffairs
Alexander F. Watson
• Near Eastern Affairs Robert H. Pelletreau
• South Asian Affairs Robin L. Raphel
• Intelligenceand Research
Toby Trister Gati
Policy Planning Staff Director
James B. Steinberg
LegalAdvisorConrad K. Harper
United States Rep resentativeto the
UnitedNations MadeleineK. Albright
Alternate Representativefor Special
PoliticalAffairs in the United Nations
Karl F. Inderfurth
Permanent Representativeto the North
Atlantic Council (NATO) Robert E. Hunter
Ambassadors
Australia- Edward J. Perkins
Chile- Gabriel Guerra-Mondragon
Czech Republic - Adrian A. Basora
Ethiopia- Irvin Hicks
France- Pamela Harriman
India- Frank G. Wisner
Italy - Reginald Bartholomew
Japan - Walter F. Mondale
Kazakhstan - William H. Courtney
Korea- James T. Laney
Mexico- James R. Jones
Nepal- Sandra L. Vogelgesang
Nigeria - Walter C. Carrington
Ph ilippines - John D. Negroponte
Poland - NicholasA. Rey
Romania - Alf red H.Moses
Russian Federation- Thomas R. Pickering
Slovenia - E. Allan Wendt
South Africa - Princeton N. Lyman
Spain - Richard N.Gardner
SyrianArab Republic- Christopher WS. Ross
Ukraine- William G. Miller
United Kingdom - William J . Crowe
United States Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency
Director John D. Holum
Deputy Director Ralph Earle II
Asst. Director for:
• Nonproliferation and Regional Arms
Control BureauLawrence Scheinman
• Multilateral Affai rs Bureau Lori Murray
• Strategic and Eu rasianAffairs Bu reau
Michael Nacht
Acting GeneralCounsel
Mary ElizabethHoinkes
United States Information Agency
Director Joseph Duffey
Agency for International Development
Administrator J. BrianAtwood
Deputy Ad ministrator Carol Lancaster
Asst. Ad ministrator for Africa
JohnF. Hicks
Asst. Ad ministrator for Europe and the New
IndependentStates Thomas A. Dine
United States Institute of Peace
Chairman Chester A. Crocker
Vice Chairman Max M. Kam pelman
Board Member Theodore M. Hesburgh
BoardMemberWilliam R. Kintner
Board Member Christopher Phillips
Board Member ElspethDavies Rostow
Board Member W Scott Thompson
President Richard H.Solomon
Executive VicePresident Harriet Hentges
Senior Scholar for Religion, Ethics, and
HumanRights David Little
Defense
Department
SpecialAsst. to theSecretaryand Deputy
Secretaries Margaret C. Su llivan
Deputy Under Secretary for Environmental
SecuritySherri W. Goodman
Under Secretaryfor Policy
Walter B. Siocombe
Principal Deputy Under Sec retary for Policy
Jan M. Lodal
Asst. Secretary for International Security
Affairs Joseph S. Nye, Jr.
Asst. Secretary for International Security
Policy Ashton B. Carter
Asst. Secretary for Strategy, Requ irements,
and Assessments Edward L. WarnerIII
Director of Net Assessment
Andrew W. Marshall
Secretaryof theArmy Togo D. West, Jr.
Asst. Secretaryfor Special Ope rations and
Low-I ntensity co nruct H. Allen Holm es
Joint Chiefs ofStaff
Chairman John M. Shalikashvili
Vice Chairman William A. Owens
ArmyCh ief of Staff Gordon R.Su llivan
Air ForceChiefof Staff Ronald R.Fogleman
MarineCorpsCommandant C.E. Mundy Jr.
Joint Staff
Director Walter Kross
Director for Strategic Plans and Policy
Wesley K. Clark
Director for Command,Control,
Communications, and Computer Systems
Arthur K. Cebrowski
Director for Force Structure, Resources and
Assessment RalphE. Eberhart
Other Military
Air Force Vice Ch ief of Staff
Thomas S. Moorman Jr.
Air Force Inspector General
Marcus A. Anderson
Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and
Operations Joseph W Ralston
Commanderin Ch ief of U.S. Naval Forces
Eu rope Leighton W. Smith, Jr.
MarineCorps Plans Division Director
Thomas L. Wilkerson
National Defense University President
Ervin J. Rokke
U.S. Military Academy (West Point)
Superintendent Howard D. Graves
U.S. Naval Academy (Annapolis)
Supe rintendent Charles R. Larsen
U.S. Air Force AcademySuperintendent
Paul E. Stein
Air Educationand Training Command
Hen ry Viccellio, Jr.
Other Cabinet
Departments
Treasury
Secretaryof theTreasury Robert E. Ru bin
Under Secretaryfor International Affairs
Lawrence H.Summers
Dep uty Asst. Secretary for International
Development and Debt Policy
Susan B.Levine
Commerce
Office of Public Affairs Director
Jill Schuker
Dep uty Under Secretaryfor Export
Ad ministration Barry Carter
Associate Director for International
Economics Gerald A. Pollack
Under Secretaryfor International Trade
Jeffrey E. Garten

16 THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMB ER 16, 1996

Current CFR Dominance Over Government, CFR MEMBERS
Foundations, Media, and Industry IN FOUNDATIONS
Carnegie Corporation of New York
Assets in 1995: $1.2 billion
tions about the organization's impact on govern - its world-govern ment-promoting journal Foreign Chairman of the Board of Trustees Newton N. Minow
ment and society. James Madison noted in The Affairs boastsof being labeled "themost influential Trustee Richard F. Celeste
Federalist #47: "The accumulation of all powers, TrusteeCaryl P. Haskins
periodical in print" by Time magazine. Imagine
TrusteeTeresa Heinz
legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the sam e how liberals would howl if it were reveale'd that the TrusteeJames A. Johnson
hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether National Rifle Association , with more than three Trustee Helene L. Kaplan
hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly million mem bers (1,000 times that of the CFR), TrusteeThomas H. Kean
be pronounced the very definitionof tyranny." had an equivalent stranglehold over government Trustee Vincent A.Mai
Althou ghthe CFR claims notto havean agenda, and industry! Trustee Henry Muller
Trustee Condoleezza Rice
President David A. Hamburg
JUDICIAL 1--------, LEGISLATIVE Executive Vice President Barbara D. Finberg
Program OfficerYolanda C. Richardson
SeniorCounselor to the President DavidZ. Robinson
Supreme Court JusticeSandra Day O'Connor Senate Scholar-in-Residence McGeorge Bundy
Supreme Cou rt Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Senator John Chafee (R-RI) Counselor-in-ResidenceJ. WayneFredericks
Supreme Cou rt Justice Steven G. Breyer Senator William Cohen (R-ME) Commission onPreventing Deadly Conflict Executive
District of ColumbiaCircuit CourtJudgeLaurenceH. Silberman SenatorChristopher Dodd (D-CT) Director Jane E. Holl
Second Circuit JUdgeJoseA. Cabranes Senator Bob Graham(D-FL) Commission onPreventing Deadly Conflict Advisor to the
Senator JohnKerry (D-MA) Executive Director John J. Stremlau
Senator Joseph Lieberman (D-CT) Com missionon Preventing Deadly Conflict Senior
Senator Daniel Moynihan (D-NY) Associate Esther Brimmer
Senator Claiborne Pell (D-RI) Ford Foundation
Deputy Under Secretary for International Trade Policy Senator Larry Pressler (R-SD)
Assets in 1995: $7.5 billion
Development DavidJ. Rothkopf SenatorCharles Robb (D-VA)
Chairman of the Board Henry B. Schacht
Counselor to the Department Jan H. Kalicki Senator John D.Rockefeller IV(D-WV)
President Susan Vail Berresford
Ass!. Secretary for International Economic Policy Senator William Roth (R-DE)
Trustee Kathryn S.Fuller
CharlesF. Meissner Senator Olympia Snowe(R-ME)
Trustee Robert D. Haas
Deputy Asst. Secretary for Service Industries and Finance House of Representatives Trustee Vernon E. Jordan Jr.
Jude Kearney HouseSpeaker Newt Gingrich (R-GA) Trustee David T. Kearns
Asst. Secretary and DirectorGeneral of the U.S. Minority Leader Richard Gephardt (D-MO) Trustee Franklin A.Thomas
and Foreig n Commercial Service Lauri Fitz-Peqado Representative Howard Berman (D-CA) Heritage Foundation
Health and Human Services Representative SamGejdenson (D-CT)
Income in 1992: $20 million
Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna E. Shalala Rep resentative Lee Hamilton(D-IN)
Vice PresidentKim R. Holmes
Representative Amo Houghton(R-NY)
Housingand Urban Development Honorary Trustee Kathryn W. Davis
RepresentativeJim Leach (R-IA)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Henry G. Cisneros Trustee Midge Deeter
Representative Robert Matsui (D-CA)
Trustee Thomas L. Rhodes
Interior Representative TomPetri (R-WI)
Trustee William E. Simon
Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt Representative Bill Richardson (D-NM)
Representative John Spratt (D-SC) John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Labor Representative Louis Stokes (D-OH) Assets in 1994: $2.9 billion
Solicitor of Labor Thomas S. Williamson, Jr. Representative Bob Torricelli (D-NJ) President Adele Simmons
Senior Vice President Victor Rabinowitch
Trustee Murray Gell-Mann
Independent Trustee Shirley Mount Hufstedler
Trustee Margaret E. Mahoney
Agencies, ViceChairman Alice Rivlin TrusteeElizabeth J. McCormack
Corporations, Division of International Finance Staff Director
EdwinM. Truman
TrusteeThomas C. Theobold
PeaceandInternationalCooperation Prog ram Director
and Foundations Federal Reserve Bank of New York President
William J. McDonough
Kennette Bened ict
Peaceand InternationalCooperationSenior Program
African Development Foundation Federal Reserve Bank of New York Chairman Officer Andrew C. Kuchins
Chairman Ernest G. Green Maurice R. Greenberg
Board member George Moose Rockefeller Brothers Fund
Inter-American Foundation Assets in 1995: $400 million
Central Intelligence Agency Board Member Norton Stevens President Colin G. Campbell
Director JohnM. Deutch Board Member Alexander F. Watson Executive Vice President Russell A. Phillips
Corporation for National and Community Service Trustee Jonathan F. Fanton
National Science Foundation Trustee Kenneth Lipper
Board Member Thomas Ehrlich Chairman Frank H.T. Rhodes
Board Member Teresa Heinz Trustee William H.Luers
Board Member Sanford D. Greenberg Trustee Richard D. Parsons
Environmental Protection Agency Nuclear Regulatory Commission Trustee David RockefellerJr.
Ass!.Ad ministrator for International Activities Chairman Ivan Selin Advisory Trustee RussellE. Train
WilliamA. Nitze
Securities and Exchange Commission Rockefeller FamilyFund
Export-Import Bank of the United States Office of International Affairs Director Assets in 1994: $42 million
Director Rita M. Rodriguez Michael D. Mann Trustee Dana Chasin
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Honorary Trustee David Rockefeller
SmithsonianInstitution Chairperson of the Finance Committee Bevis Longstreth
Chairman Ricki Helfer Board of Regents Member DanielPatrickMoynihan
Federal Reserve System Board of Regents Member Hanna Holborn Gray Rockefeller Foundation
Chairman Alan Greenspan Under Secretary Constanc e Newma n Assets in 1994: $2.2 billion
Chairman of the Board Alice Stone IIchman
President Peter C. Goldmark

17
THE NEW A MERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16. 1996
Trustee Johnnella B. Cole
Trustee Peggy Dulany
Trustee Frances FitzGerald
Trustee KarenN. Horn
Trustee Franklin D. Raines
Arts and Humanities Program Director
Alberta Arthurs
Health Sciences and Population Sciences
Programs Director Steven w.Sinding
Russell Sage Foundation
Honorary Trustee John S.Reed
Twentieth Century Fund
Chairman of theBoard
Theod ore C. Sorensen
Vice-Chairmanof theBoard Jim Leach
PresidentRichardC. Leone
Treasurerand Trustee Richard Ravitch
Trustee Jose A Cabranes
Trustee Joseph A Califano Jr.
Trustee Hodding Carter III
Trustee Brewster C. Denny
Trustee Charles V. Hamilton
Trustee August Heckscher
Trustee Matina S. Horner
Trustee Lewis B. Kaden
Trustee Arthur M. SchlesingerJr.
Task Forceon Presidential Elections
Chairman James Hoge
Task Forceon Intelligence Policy Chairman
Stephen W. Bosworth
Other CFR members completingstudieson
contract fromtheFund:
David P. Calieo on "Rethinking Europe's
Future," Michael Mandelbaum on"A New
Foundation for U.S. Foreign Policy,"
Joseph S. NyeJr.on "American Interest in
a New World Order," Robert J. Art on
"American Grand Strategy after the Cold
War," RichardUllmanon "International
Aspects of theYugoslavCrisis," David
Callahan on"U.S.Foreign Policy and
Ethnic Conflicts," Lincoln Gordon on
"Brazil's Second Chance," and Carol J.
Lancasteron "Aid and Development in
Sub-Saharan Africa."
ABC TV
President Roone Arledge
Host David Brinkley
AnchorDiane Sawyer
Anchor Barbara Walters
Adam Smith's Money World (TV)
Host an d Editor-in-Chief
GeorgeJ.w. Goodman
America and The World (Radio)
Host Kati Marton
American Journal (Radio)
Senior Supervising Producer Dennis O'Brien
American Journalism Review
Contributing Editor Hodding Carter III
Contributing Editor Hen ry Callo
American Purpose
Editor Georg eWeigel
American Spectator
Editor-in-Chief R. Emmell Tyrrell Jr.
Board Member Midge Deeter
BoardMemberJeane J. Kirkpatrick
Associated Press
Vice President Claud e Erbsen
18
The Atlantic Monthly
Washington Editor James Faliows
Contributing Editor Thomas Powers
Boston Globe
Editorial Page Editor H.D.S.Greenway
Business And Society Review
Editor and PublisherTheodore Cross
Business Week
Editor-in-Chief Stephen B. Shepard
Editorial Page Editor Bruce Nussbaum
The Capital
Publisher Philip Merrill
CBS TV
Anchor Dan Rather
48 Hours Executive Producer
Barbara Cochran
48 Hours Associate Producer
Mary SueHolland
SundayMorning Senior Producer
Marquita Pool
Correspondent Edward R. Bradley
Chicago Tribune
NY BureauChief Lisa Anderson
Civilization (Library 0/ Congress)
Editor Stephen G. Smith
CNN TV
President W. Thomas Johnson
Sr. Vice PresidentPamela Hill
CrossfireHost Geraldine Ferraro
Reliable Sources Panelist EllenHume
BothSides ModeratorJesse L. Jackson
ReliableSourcesHost BernardKalb
Anaiyst WilliamSchneider
VP, Washington Bureau Chief, and
Late Edition Host Frank Ses no
Conde Nast Traveler
Contributing Ed itorArthurSchlesinger Jr.
Contributing Ed itor Anthony D.Marshall
Congress Daily
Co ntributing Editor Bruce Stokes
Culture/ront
Editorial Advisory Board Member
Linda Chavez
Editorial Advisory Board Member
Nathan Glazer
Editorial Advisory Board Member
Ronald Steel
Dallas Morning News
International Affairs Correspondent
James Landers
Editorial Page Editor Rena Pederson
Entertainment Weekly/lnStyle
Editor-in-Chief Norman Pearlstine
Editorial DirectorHenry Muller
The Farm Journal
Editor Sonja Hillgren
Focus
President Eddie N. Williams
Forbes
Chairman Caspar W. Weinberger
ReporterJustin Doebele
Foreign Affairs
Editor James F. Hoge Jr.
Foreign Policy
Editor Charies William Maynes
Associate Editor Thomas Omestad
Fortune
Editor-in-Chief Norman Pearlstine
Editorial Director Hen ry Muller
Editor Louis Kraar
Editor-at-Large Marshall Loeb
The Forward
President and Editor Seth Lipsky
Freedom Review
PublisherAdrianKaratnycky
Global Oil Stocks & Balances/
Petroleum Intelligence Weekly
PublisherEdward L. Morse
Harper's Magazine
Editor Lewis H. Lapham
Co ntributingEditor David Rieff
Harvard Business Review
Senior Editor Nancy Nichols
Hearst News Service
Foreign Editor WendyM. Koch
Hispanic (magazine)
Editor and Publisher AlfredoJ. Estrada
Industry Week
Contributing Editor Richard Osborne
Institutional Investor
Founder and Chairman Emeritus
Gilbert E. Kaplan
life/People/Sports Illustrated
Editor-in-Ch ief Norman Pearlstine
Editorial Director Henry Muller
Corporate Editor James R. Gaines
The Los Angeles Times
Ch ief Washington Correspondent
Jack Nelson
Nationai Security Writer RobinWrig ht
Editorial Writer Nancy Yoshihara
Maryland Public Television
To theContraryPanelist Lynn Martin
To the ContraryPanelist
Eleanor Holmes Norton
Money
Ed itor-in-Ch ief Norman Pearlstine
Editorial Director Henry Muller
Contributing Editor Marshall Loeb
The Nation
Editor Katrina vanden Heuvel
Music Editor Edward Said
National Empowerment Television
Freedom'sChallenge Host Paula Dobriansky
The National Interest
PublisherIrving Kristol
National Journal
ContributingEditor William Schnei der
Contributing Editor BruceStokes
National Review
Editor-at-LargeWilliam F. Buckley
PresidentThomas L. Rhodes
Senior Editor Peter W. Rodman
Contributing Editor Eliot Abrams
Contributing Editor Eliot A. Co hen
Contributing Editor Vin Weber
NBC TV
Anchor and ManagingEditor To m Brokaw
The New Republic
Senior Editor Michael Lind
Contributing Editor Eliot A. Cohen
Contributing Ed itor Jacob Heilbrunn
Contributing Editor CharlesKrauthammer
Contributing Editor Ronald Steel
Literary Ed itor LeonWieseltier
Newsday
Editorial Page Editor James M. Klurfeld
New YorkPost
Chairman and President RupertMurdoch
Editorial Page Editor Eric Breindel
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
New York Review Of Books
Editor Robert B. Silvers
The New York Times
Executive Editor Josep h Lelyveld
UN Bureau Chief Barbara Crossell e
OpinionPage Columnist Thomas L.Friedman
Editorial Page Board JamesL. Greenfield
Ass!. Managing Editor Warren Hoge
Police BureauChief Clifford Krauss
Columnist Anthony Lewis
Editorial Board Kari E. Meyer
ColumnistA M. Rosenthal
Ass!. Managing Editor Jack Rosenthal
Associate Editorial PageEditor
Robert B.SempleJr.
Ed itorial Board David Unger
Editorial Board Michael Weinstein
Ed itorial BoardSteven R. Weisman
Newsweek
Chairman of theExecutive Commillee
KatharineGraham
Ed itor Maynard Parker
Managing Editor Mark Whitaker
Senior National Editor Joe Klein
Senior Business Writer Marc Levinson
Contributing Editor Tara Sonenshine
Ass!. Managing Editor andWashington
Bureau Chief EvanThomas
Opera News
Publisher Rudolph S. Rauch
Parade
Contributing Editor Ponchilla Pierce
Contributing Editor Carl Sagan
PBS TV
Firing Line Host William F. Buckley Jr.
NewsHour Program Director Susan Mills
NewsHour National Correspond ent
Charlayne Hunter-Gault
TheMcLaughlin Group Panelist
Morton Kondracke
Washington Week in Review Panelist
Thomas L. Friedman
Washington Week in Review Panelist
Georgie AnneGeyer
Washington Week in Review Panelist
Jack Nelson
Petroleum Market Intelligence/
World Gas Intelligence
Publisher Edward L. Morse
Editor Ira B. Joseph
Proceedings
Publisher Captain James A. Barber Jr.
The Progressive
Advisory Board Member Daniel Schorr
Advisory Board MemberRoger Wilkins
The Public Interest
Editor Nathan Glazer
Editor Irving Kristol
Reuters America , Inc .
Washington Bureau Political
Correspondent Michael Posner
Roll Call
Executive Ed itor MortonKondracke
The Santa Fe New Mexican
Publisher Robert M. McKinney
Smart Money
Editorial Director Paul E. Steiger
Syndicated Columnists
KennethAdelman
Eric Breindel
Zbig niew Brzezinski
William F. sucuey Jr.
Jimmy Carter
Georgie AnneGeyer
Richard Grenier Air Force Times/Army Times/ Staff Reporter Robert S. Greenberger Editor-at-Large ArnauddeBorchgrave
Jesse L. Jackson Defense News/Federal Times/ Deputy Editor Daniel Henninger
JeaneJ. Kirkpatrick Weekend Ed itor Lee Lescaze
The Washingtonian
Navy Times (Marine Corps Edition)/ Chairman and Publisher Philip Merrill
Henry A. Kissinger Deputy Editor Geo rge Melloan
Military Market/Space Times National Ed itor Kenneth Adelman
CharlesKrauthammer Staff Reporter Carla Robbins
Anthony Lewis Vice President and Executive Editor ContributingEditor John G. Kester
James S.Doyle Political Coordinator Gerald F. Seib
Flora Lewis Editorial Board Amity Shlaes Washington Quarterly
Jessica Mathews U.S. News & World Report Editor-In-Chief Erik R. Peterson
Hugh 8. Price Executive Ed itor Peter W. Bernstein Washington Post
Chairman of theExecutive Committee Board of Editors Members:
Jane Bryant Quinn Ed itor-at-Large David R. Ge rgen
Katharine Graham • AnneArmstrong
A.M.Rosenthal Senior Editor Miriam Horn
Executive Editor Leonard Downie Jr. • Richard E. Bissell
Wiiliam Schneider Senior Editor Louise Lief
Managing Editor Robert G. Kaiser • Zbignlew Brzezinski
Tony Snow Deputy Editor Christopher Ma
Asst. Managing Editor Jackson Diehl • Amos A. Jordan
Colonel Harry G. Sum mers Contributing Editor Fouad Ajami • MaxM. Kampelman
Ben J. Watten burg Contributing Editor Harold Evans Editorial Page Editor Meg Greenfield
ChiefCorrespondent Jim Hoagland • Robert Lieber
Time , Inc. Contributing Editor James Fallows • Edward Luttwak
Contributing Editor Emily MacFarqu har Asst. ManagingEditor David Ignatius
Editor-in-Chief Norman Pearlstine • Susan Pharr
Contributing Editor Richard N. Perle Asst. Editor Susan Levine
Editorial Director Hen ry Muller State Department Reporter
• Robert Scalapino
Executive Editor John F. Stacks Vanity Fair Thomas W. Lippman • Stephen Sestanovich
Corporate Editor James R. Gaines Executive Editor Elise O'Shaughnessy InvestigativeReporter Walter Pincus • George Weigel
SeniorEditor Nancy R. Gibbs • Thomas Weiss
Foreig n Editor Eugene Robinson
Managing Editor Walter Isaacson Wall Street Journal
Chief Political Correspondent Michael Kramer Chairman and CEO Peter R. Kann
Deputy Editor Stephen S. Rosenfeld The Weekly Standard
Intelligence Reporter R. Jeffrey Smith Contributing Editor Charles Krauthammer
Contributor Charles Krautham mer Managing Editor Paul E.Steiger
Correspon dent JefMcAllister Editorial Page Editor Robe rt L. Bartley Washington Times World Policy Journal
Staff Writer Barbara Rudolph Foreign Editor John Bussey Managing Editor Josette Shiner Editor James Chace

AG IP Petroleum Company Caxton Corporation IBM Procter & Gamble Company

AG IP, USA Inc. CDC North America Institute of International Bankers The Prudential Insurance Company
Alliance Capital Management Cham pion International Corporation lIT Corporation of America
Amerada Hess Corporation Chancellor Capital Management, Inc. JETRO New York The Putnam Companies
American Airlines The Chase ManhattanBank John A. Levin & Company, Inc. Reliance Group Holdings, Inc.
American Cou nciion Germany TheChatterjee Group Johnson & Johnson Reuters America
American Express Company Chemical Banking Corporation Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue The Rockefeller Group
American International Group Chevron J. P. Morgan & Company, Inc. Royal Bank of Canada
American Standard Companies. Inc. Chi naTimes Express Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. RWS Energy Services
Amoco Corporation CIBC Wood Gundy KPMG Peat Marwick LLP Salomon Brothers, Inc.
Archer Daniels Midland Company CitibanklCiticorp Kroll Associates Scarbroughs
Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder Inc. Clayton Dubilier & Rice Lagardere/Matra Hachette Schlumberger Limited
ArthurAndersen & Company, SC Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamiiton Lazard Freres & Co. LLC Scudder, Stevens & Clark Ltd.
ASARCO Incorporated The Coca-Cola Company Lehman Brothers Seagram, Joseph E. & Sons
AT&T International Community Energy Aiternatives Lockheed Martin Shearman & Sterling
Atlantic Richfield Company The Consulate General of Japan Loral Corporation Shell OiiCompany
Avon ProductsInc. Corning, Inc. MacAndrews & Fo rbes Holdings, Inc. Siemens Corporation
Baker & McKenzie Coudert Brothers Mark Partners Sierra Capital Management
Banco Santander Cowen & Company Marks & Murase Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett
Bank Audi (USA) CPC International Marsh & McLennan Companies Smith Barney Inc.
Bank Julius Baer CS First Boston Marubeni America Corporation Sony Corporation of America
Davis Polk & Wardwell Marvin & Palmer Associates Soros Fu nd Management
Bank of Montreal
Debevoise & Plimpton McKinsey & Company, Inc. Southern California EdisonCompany
TheBank of New York
Deere & Company Mercedes-Benz of North America Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
The Bank of Tokyo
Deloitte & Touche Merriil Lynch Internationai Sullivan & Cromwell
Bankers Trust Company
MetLife International Summit International Associates
Banque Indosuez DeutscheBank AG
Dillon, Read & Company, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Company Techint, Inc.
Banque Paribas Corporation
Directorship Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.), Inc. Texaco, Inc.
Bates Worldwide
Mobii Corporation TIAA-CREF
BOO Seidman Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette
Dow Chemical Company Moody's Investors Service, Inc. Time Warner
BEA Associates
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. Times Mirror
Bear. Stearns & Co. Dow Jones & Co., Inc.
Morningside/Spring field Group Titan Industrial Co rporation
Bernstein, SanfordC. & Co. EliLilly & Co.
Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York Towers Perrin
Bertelsmann Corporation Ernst & Young
Newsweek Toyota Motor Corporation
The BlackstoneGroup Estee Lauder Companies
Nippon Steel U.S.A., Inc. of North America, Inc.
Bloomberg Financial Markets The Export-Import Bank of Japan
ExxonCorporation Nomura Research Institute America TRW
BMW (US) Holding Corp.
NYNEX Corporation Union Camp Corporation
Boeing Corporation First Chicago Corporation
Occidental Petroleum UnitedTechnolog ies
Booz, Allen & Hamiiton Fischer Francis Trees & Watts
OiiCapital Ltd., Inc. U.S. TrustCo mpanyof New York
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Ford MotorCompany
Omega Advisors, Inc. Viatel
British Airways French-American Chamber of Commerce
Oxford Analytica E. M. Warburg , Pincus & Co.
British-American Chamber of Gavin Anderson & Company
Paul Ray Berndtson Weii, Gotshal & Manges
Commerce GeneralElectric Company
PepsiCo White & Case
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Pfizer World Gold Councii
Cahill Gordon & Rei ndel Guardsmark
Pioneer Hi-Bred International Wyoming Investment Corporation
Caltex Petroleum Corporation H. J. Heinz Com pany
Capital Cities /ABC Hypo-Bank AG Poten & Partners Xerox Corporation
Price Waterhouse & Co. Young & Hubicarn
Cargill, Inc. IBJ Schroder Bank & Trust Company

THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

19
LENGTHENING SHADOWS:
The historic hegemony of the Council on Foreign Relations over the government of the United States.
1929·1933
Herbert Hoover
1933·1945
FranklinD. Roosevelt
1945·1953
Harry S. Tru man
1953·1961
DwightD. E~enhower
1961·1963
John F. Kennedy
f
President
CharlesCurtis John N. Garner Alben W. Barkley Richard M. Nixon LyndonB. Johnson
Vice President Henry A. Wallace
Harry S. Truman
Henry L. Stimson Cordell Hull James F. Byrnes John Foster Dulles Dean Rusk
Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius Jr. George C. Marshall ChristianA. Herter
Dean G. Acheson
James W. Good George H. Dem Robert P. Patterson Charles E. Wilson Robert S. McNamara
Patrick J. Hurley Harry H. Woodring Kenneth C. Royall NeilH. McElroy
Secretary of War/ Henry L. Stimson James V. Forreslal Thomas S. Gates 'Jr.
Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson
George C. Marshall
Robert A. Lovell

Andrew W. Mellon WiJlJam H. Woodin Fred M. Vinson George M. Humphrey C. Douglas Dillon
Ogden L. Mills Henry Morgenthau Jr. JohnW. Snyder Robert B. Anderson
Secretary of Treasury

Roy A. Young Eugene S. Black Marriner S. Eccles William McChesney William McChesney
Federal Reserve Eugene Meyer Marriner S.Eccles Thomas B. McCabe Martin Jr. . Martin Jr.
Board Chairman
POSITIONDID NOT EXI ST. POSITIONDID NOT EXIST. Gen. OmarBradley Gen. Omar Bradley Gen. Lyman L. Lemnilzer
Joint Chief of Staff Adm . Arthu r W. Radford Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor
Gen. Nathan F. Twining
Chairman Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer

POSITIONDIDNOT EXIST. POSITION DID NOT EXIST. Sidney W. Souers Allen W. Dulles John A. McCone
Hoyt S. Vandenberg
CIA Director Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter
Waller Bedell Smith
POSITIONDIDNOT EXIST. POSITION DIDNOT EXIST. Edward R. StettiniusJr. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Adlai Stevenson
Warren R. Austin James J. Wadsworth
UN Ambassador

POSITIONDID NOT EXI ST. POSITIONDID NOT EXIST. POSITIONDID NOT EXIST. Ovetta Culp Hobby Abraham A. Ribicott
Secretary of HEW/ Marion B. Folsum Anthony J. Celebrezze
Secretary of Health Arthu r S. Flemming
and Human Services
J. Reuben ClarkJr. William Phillips Dean G. Acheson Watter B. Smith Chester Bowles
Joseph P. Cotton Sumner Welles Robert A. Lovett Herbert Hoover Jr. George W. Ball
Under Secretary/Deputy William R. CastleJr. EdwardR. StettiniusJr. James E. Webb ChristianA. Herter
Secretary of State Joseph C. Grew David K.E. Bruce C. Douglas Dillon

POSITIONDID NOT EXIST. POSITION DID NOT EXIST. POSITI ON DIDNOT EXIST. Robert D. Murphy George C. McGhee
Undersecretary of State Livingston T. Merchant W. Averell Harriman
for Political Affairs
POSITIONDID NOT EXI ST. POSITIONDID NOT EXIST. William H. Draper Jr. William H. Draper Jr. Thomas K. Finletter
John C. Hughes
George W. Perkins
Ambassador to NATO W. Randolph Burgess

Charles G. Dawes Robert Worth Bingham John G. Winant Winthrop W. Aldrich David K.E. Bruce
Andrew W. Mellon Joseph P. Kennedy W. Averell Harriman John Hay Whitney
Ambassador to John G. Winant O. Max Gardner
the United Kingdom Lewis W. Douglas
Watter S. Gifford

THE NE W A MERICA N / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

20
 From 1929 to the Present
CFR members in the last 12 presidential administrations are indicated below by bold italicized type.
I 1963-1969
Lyndon B. Johnson
Hubert H. Humphrey
Dean Rusk
Robert S. McNamara
Clark M. Clifford
C. Douglas Dillon
Henry H. Fowler
Joseph W. Barr
William McChesney
Martin Jr.
Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor
Gen. Earle G. Wheeler
Adm . William F. Raborn Jr.
Richard Helms
Adlai Slevenson
Arthur J. Goldberg
George W. Ball
James Russell Wigg ins
Anthony J. Celebrezze
John W. Gardner
WilburJ. Cohen
George W. Ball
Nicholas deB. Katzenbach
W. Averell Harriman
Eugene V. Rostow
Thomas K. Finletter
Harlan Cleveland
David K. E. Bruce
THE NEW AMERICA N / SEPTEMB ER 16, 1996
1969-1977
Richard M. Nixon ('69-'74)
1977-1981
James E. Carter
1981-1989
Ronald W. Reagan
1989-1993
George H. Bush
1993-Present
William J. Clinlon
Gerald R. Ford ('74-'77)
Spiro T. Agnew Waller F. Mondale George H. Bush Dan Quayle Albert Gore Jr.
Gerald R. Ford
Nelson A. Rockefeller
WiJlJam P. Rogers Cyrus R. Vance Alexander M. Haig Jr. James A. Baker III Warren Chrislopher
Henry A. Kissinger Edmund S. Muskie George P. Schullz
Melvin R. Laird Harold Brown Caspar W. Weinberger Richard B. Cheney LesAspin
Elliol L. Richardson Frank C. Carlucci William Perry
James R. Schlesinger
Donald H. Rumsfeld
David M. Kennedy W. Michael Blumenlhal Donald T. Regan Nicholas F. Brady LloydBenlsen
John B. Connally G. William Miller James A. Baker III Robert Rubin
George P. Schultz NicholasF. Brady
William E. Simon
William McChesney Arthur F. Burns Paul Volcker AlanGreenspan AlanGreenspan
Martin Jr. G. WilliamMiller AlanGreenspan
Arthur F. Burns Paul Volcker
Gen. EarleG. Wheeler Gen. George S. Brown Gen David C. Jones Gen. Colin Powell Gen. Colin Powell
Adm . Thomas H. Moorer Gen David C. Jones Gen. John W. Vessey Jr. Gen. John M. Shalikashvili
Gen. George S. Brown Adm. William Crowe Jr.
James R. Schlesinger Siansfieid Turner William J. Casey Robert M. Gales R. James Woolsey
William E. Colby William H. Websler John M. Deulch
George Bush
Charles W. Yost Andrew J. Young Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Thomas R. Pickering Madeleine K. Albright
George Bush Donald F. McHenry Vernon A. Walters
John A. Scali
Daniet P. Moynihan
William W. Scranton
RobertH. Finch Joseph A. Califano Jr. Richard S. Schweiker Louis W. Sullivan Donna Shalala
Elliot L. Richardson Patricia Roberts Harris Margaret M. Heckler
Caspar W. Weinberger Otis R. Bowen
Forrest D. Matthews
Elliot L. Richardson Warren Christopher William P. Clark Lawrence S. Eagleburger Strobe Talbott
John N. Irwin II Waller J. Stoessel Jr.
Kenneth Rush Kenneth W. Dam
Robert Steven Ingersoll John C. Whitehead
Charles W. Robinson
PhilipC. Habib Waller J. Stoessel Jr. Arnold Kanter Peter Tarnoff
U. AlexisJohnson
William J. Porter David D. Newsom Lawrence S. Eagleburger
Joseph John Sisco Michael H. Armacost
Philip C. Habib Robert Michael Kimmill
Robert Strausz-Hupe W. Tapley Bennett Jr. William H. Taft IV Robert E. Hunter
Harlan Cleveland
Robert Ellsworth David M. Abshire Reginald Bartholomew
David M. Kennedy AllonG. Keel Jr.
Donald Rumsfeld
David K. E. Bruce
Robert Strausz-Hupe
Kingman Brewster Jr. John J. Lewis Jr. Raymond G.H. Seitz WilliamJ. Crowe Jr.
Walter H. Annenberg
Elliot L. Richardson Charles H. Price II
Anne Legendre Armstrong
21
 DRIVE FOR GLOBAL CONTROL
Target: World Government
S
hortly before the opening of the
1995 United Nations World Sum-
mit on Social Development in Co-
penhagen , Denmark, the Comm ission on
Global Go vernance issued it s much-
heralded report, Our Global Neighbor-
hood, which was prese nted as a guiding
star to the summit. In the foreword to the
report, written by Commi ssion co-chair-
men Ingvar Carlson , former so-
cialist president of Sweden, and
Shridath Ramphal , former presi-
dent of the World Con servation
Unio n, we are ass ure d that the
Commission on Global Gover-
nance is not advocating world
government. "The development
of global governance is part of the
evolution of human effort s to or-
ganize life on the planet," write
the co-chairmen. "As this report
makes clear, global governance is
not global government. No mis-
under standing should arise from
the similarity of term s. We are
not propo sing movement toward s
world government...."
What It Is
However, one need only recur
to a standard dictionary to glimpse
the semantic sleight of hand at work here.
Webster 's New Coll egiate Dicti onary
gives but a one-word definition for "gov-
ernance, " and that is "government." And
world government is precisely what the
Commission on Global Governance is
propo sing. That is plainly evident on the
face of their proposals, all of which in-
variably advocate increa sing strictures on
national sovereignty and the transferring of
legislative, executive, and judicial powers
to the United Nations or its subsidiary mul-
tilateral institutions - always in the name
of peacekeeping, nationbuilding, saving
the environment, helping the poor, disar-
mament, fighting organized crime, etc.
"There should be no question of which
way we go," assert Carlson and Ramphal.
"But the right way requires the assertio n
of the values 'of internationalism, the pri-
macy of the rule of law worldwid e...." Ah
yes , the "rule of law ." Favorite weasel
words of glob alists seeking to conceal
THE NE W A MERICA N / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
their true world -government ambitions.
Obviously, it takes government to pro-
mulgate law, and for that law to have any
meaning and effect , it must be backed up
by government force. Genuine world law
require s real world government force ca-
pable of overw helming any national resis-
tance to its rule. Th at is elementary and
indisputable.
A major problem we face today is that
most one-worlders avoid explicit refer-
ences and paeans to world government: It
is viewed as counterprod uctive "because
it frigh tens people ." So admits former
Senator Alan Cranston (D-CA), a former
national president of the United World
Federalists and a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations (CFR) and the Tri-
lateral Commi ssion (TC). Back in 1949
Cran ston successfully pushed through the
Californ ia legislature a resolution memo-
rializing Congre ss to call a nationa l con-
vention to amend the U.S. Constitution to
"expedite and insure the particip ation of
the United States in a world federal gov-
ernment. " He still wants the same thing;
he just knows he has a better chance of
obtaining it if he goes about it quietly and
calls it by another name.
Cran ston says he remain s a World Fed-
eralist becau se "I believe deeply in the
need for world law..... I believe in the con-
cept of federali sm on the world scale. "
But, said Cranston in an interview in the
April 1976 issue of Transition, a publica-
tion of the Institute for World Order , "the
more talk about world go vernment, the
less chance of achieving it, because it
frighte ns people who would acce pt the
concept of world law." Obvious ly, he un-
derstands that a lot of folks still have a
strong suspicion of and aversion
to big government. And a world
go vernment is about as big as
government can get.
Like Mr. Crans to n, Me ssrs.
Carl son and Ramphal are long-
time advocate s of sociali st world
government. They note in Our
Global Neighb orh ood, "It was
Willy Brandt who brought the
two of us together as co -chair -
men of the Commission on Glo-
bal Governance." The late Willy
Brandt was at the time (and for
many years before) the president
of the Sociali st International, and
Mr. Carlson was a vice president
of the same socialist-world-gov-
ernmen t-advocating group.
~ The Rhodes Vision
z
The necessity of world govern-
ment is, of course, a fundamental tenet of
the communists as well. Addre ssing the
1920 Congres s of the Communi st Interna-
tional, Lenin stated: "This task is the task
of the world pro letarian revo lution, the
task of the creation of the world Soviet re-
pub lic ." The official "Program of the
Communi st International" adopted in
1928 called for "a World Union of Soviet
Sociali st Republics uniting the whole of
mankind under the hegemon y of the inter-
national proletariat orga nized as a state."
Odd as it may seem to the uninitiated,
the communi sts and socialists have been
aided and abetted toward this goal by or-
ganizations founded and funded by some
of the world's wealthie st capitali sts. Cecil
Rhodes' biograp her Sarah G. Millin wrote
of that South Africa n diamond and gold
mogul, "The government of the world was
Rhodes' simple desire." And to fulfill that
desire , he established , in 1891, a "secret
society" (the word s are his) called the
23
"Society of the Elect." In his first will
(1877) he explained that his plan for
world dominion must entail " the founda-
tion of so great a power as to hereafter
render wars impossible." In establishing
this "power," Rhodes wrote to his associ-
ate William Stead, "The only feasible
[way] to carry this idea out is a secret
[society] gradually absorbing the wealth
of the world to be devoted to such an
object."
Toward accompli shing thi s grandiose
goal, which Rhodes frankly described as
"a scheme to take the government of the
whole world ," a system of sister organiza-
tions was established, the most prominent
being the Roy al Institute of International
Affairs (RIIA) in England and the CFR in
the United States. These groups have
drawn into Rhodes' "scheme" some of the
most influential men from the fields of fi-
nance, industry, politics, communications,
academe, science, and philanthropy.
Throughout this century, the se interna-
tion ali st schemers ha ve wo rked hand in
hand with (usually while publicly denounc-
ing ) communists, socialists, and fasci sts
of ever y stripe. Which is not surprising,
since, while a student at Oxford, Rhodes
had become (and remained until his death)
a fervent disciple of Professor John Ru s-
kin , a revolution ary utopian socialist.
(Ruskin wrote that "indeed, I am myself a

Snapshots of the New World Order

mericans increasingly are being told that local, state, and Constitution. Under U.S. law, American patent holders have had

A federal laws - even the U.S. Constitution - must give

way to "international law" - to UN treaties, conven-
tions, and agreements. And that is precisely what has been hap-
pening through GATT, NAFTA, and other internationalist
schemes. These deceptive promulgations of the global "rule of
law" are having real, concrete, injurious effects on the rights and
freedom of Americans , as the following examples show.
• The UN Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer was adopted in 1987 and is already reaching out
and touching Americans directly in their homes, offices , cars -
and wallet s. Richard Benedick, the eco-fanatic who was the
chief U.S. negotiator for the treaty, admitted that he and his
globalist confreres had exploited "unproved future dangers ...
dangers that rested on scientific theories, rather than on firm
data. At the time of the negotiations and signing, no measurable
evidence of damage existed." Although there still is no solid evi-
dence that the earth's stratospheric ozone layer is being de-
pleted, a sense of "crisis" was generated to mandate the phased
withdrawal of freon and other CFCs which are a tremendous
boon to mankind. This is already costing the average American
family hundreds of dollars for home and auto air conditioning
and refrigeration. The late Dr. Dixy Lee Ray, in her book Envi-
ronmental Overkill, cited evidence that this treaty would ulti-
mately cost the U.S. hundreds of billions of dollars and may be
"as high as $5 trillion worldwide by the year 2005." And the
human costs are even more staggering . Dr. Ray notes that "due
to the loss or greatly increased cost of refrigeration, estimates
indicate that between 20 to 40 million people will die yearly
from hunger , starvation, and food-borne diseases ."
• Thousands of Americans who have had nothing to do with
criminal drug activities have had their properties confiscated -
homes, farms, businesses, automobiles - under "asset forfei-
ture" seizures promoted as a legitimate tactic in the "war on
drugs." This direct threat to every American's constitutional
guarantees stems directly from U.S. adoption of the 1988 United
Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances, and its similar precursor conventions
of 1961 and 1971.
• As a result of the GATTlWorld Trade Organization (WTO)
agreement, the patent protection which Americans have enjoyed
for two centuries, and which has so greatly benefitted all of
mankind by fostering inventiveness, is under serious assault.
Our Founding Fathers recognized the need for patent and copy-
right protection and included these important features in our
exclusive rights to their inventions for 17 years from the date
their patent was granted. Under GATTIWTO , much of this pro-
tection is being wiped out. Tens of thousands of inventors and
hundreds of thousands of inventions are at risk, particularly
from aggressive Chinese and Japanese patent "raiders." Unless
congressional action is taken soon to rectify this, untold dam-
age may be done.
• One of the firstfruits of NAFT A was the collapse of the
Mexican peso and the ensuing $50 billion bailout of the corrupt
Wall Street investment bankers and Mexican politicians by U.S.
taxpayers.
• Eco-extremists are bringing lawsuits in U.S. courts to en-
force NAFT A environmental provisions that would override
federal and state laws.
• Although the U.S. Senate has not yet ratified the dreadful
Biodiversity treaty which came out of the UN's Earth Summit ,
the Clinton Administration has nonetheless begun implement-
ing it piecemeal. One of the Biodiversity programs , the Wild-
lands Project, would convert at least one-half the land area of
the United States into a huge "biodiversity preserve" - free of
people, of course . It is the basis for the policies already in effect
that are pushing farmers, ranchers , loggers, miners, and other
resource "exploiters" off the land, and that are making more and
more of our forest, desert, prairie, and mountain "ecosystems"
off-limits to humans. Dave Foreman, the radical founder of
Earth First! and an architect of the Wildlands Project, says the
scheme "is a bold attempt to grope our way back to October
1492." In other words, it is a staggeringly arrogant attempt to
wipe out all traces of civilization that have accrued since Co-
lumbus landed here 500 years ago.
• A decorated and exemplary U.S. soldier, Army Specialist
Michael New, was ordered court-rnartialed by the Clinton Ad-
ministration for respectfully refusing involuntary induction into
the UN military and refusing to wear a "United Nations uni-
form ." U.S. troops have been, or are now, serving in various ca-
pacities under UN auspices, under UN commanders, and under
the UN flag in dozens of operations all over the globe.
• A host of UN conventions are under consideration which
could override domestic laws on gun control, homosexual
"rights," property rights, parental rights, child custody, abortion,
and criminal law. Equally portentous are the many proposals for
global taxation on international travel, carbon-based fuels, au-
tomobiles, incomes, and international monetary transactions . •
- W .F .J.

24 THE NE W AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

 communist of the old school - reddest
also' of the red.")
Education for the Elite
One of the important instruments Rhodes
created to implement his breatht aking glo-
bal "vision" was the Rhodes Scholarships,
through which (said Ste ad) he intended
his netw ork wo uld help into influential
positions thou sand s of " me n in the
prime of life scatte red all ov er the
world , each one of whom , moreo ver,
. would have been specifically - math-
e matica ll y - se lected tow ard the
Founder' s purpo ses." And what quali -
ties would be demanded of these men ?
According to Rhodes: "smugness, bru-
tality , unctuou s rectitude, and tact."
One young Am eri can who appar-
ently exhibited those desired attributes
was Strobe Talbott, now special adviser
to President Clinton on Russian affair s.
A Clinton roomm ate and fellow Rhodes
Scholar at Oxford , Talbott (CFR, TC)
provided critical support for the Clin-
ton camp aign at Time magazine, where
he wa s editor-at-lar ge . He also pro -
vided heavy support for the RIIA/CFRJ
TC dri ve for world govern ment. De-
cl ared Talb ott in a May 1992 Time
piece: "T he U.N . as a who le needs
more power and resource s for peaceke ep-
ing, includin g an ability to call on Ameri-
can troops to serve under the world body' s
flag ." In a July 20 , 1992 paean to one -
worldi sm in Time entitled, "The Birth of
the Global Nation," he proclaimed that "it
has taken the events in our own wondro us
and terrible century to clinch the case for
world government."
For this outburst of internationalist ar-
dor, Talbott received the Norman Cousins
Global Governance Award from the World
Feder ali st Associ ati on (WFA, the re -
named United World Fede ralists). At the
award ceremony on June 24, 1993, WFA
President John Anderson (CFR, TC) read
a letter from Bill Clinton (CFR, TC) not-
ing that "Norman Cou sin s worked for
world peace and world government" and
stating that Talbott "w ill be a worthy re-
cipient of the Norm an Cou sin s Glob al
Governance Award. Best wishe s .. . for
future success ."
Yes, the President of the United States,
a "Rhode s man ," was praising the WFA
and its most famou s leader (Cousins), and
wishing "success" for the treasonous de-
cades-long campaign to destroy America's
national sovereignty and submerge us in a
THE NE W AM ERICA N / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
world government. Affairs entitled "Th e Hard Road to World
In 1961 , another interna tionalist Presi-
Ord er. " Sin ce hop es for "instant wor ld
dent, John F. Kennedy, presented to the govern me nt" had pro ven ill uso ry , he
United Nations his plan (which was actu- noted that the best hope for building "the
ally crafted by his CFR-d ominat ed State house of world order" lay in a long-range
Department, run by CFR one- worlder "e nd run around national sove reignty,
Dean Rusk) for disarming America, en- eroding it piece by piece." This could best
titled Free dom From War: The United be done, he noted , on an ad hoc basis with
States Program fo r General and Complete treaties and international "arra ngements"
- on environment, trade, sec urity, etc.
- that co uld later be brou ght within
"the central institutions of the U.N.
syste m." Thi s is what Our Global
Neighborhood calls "the hardening of
so-calle d so ft law." Th ese treati es,
which init ially appea r soft and non-
threatening, are gradually given "teeth"
to rend national sovereignty asunder.
Rather than speak openly of world
govern ment, the globalists more fre-
quently employ code term s such as
" world order," "world law ," "g lobal
transformation ," " interdependence ,"
"convergence," "eco nomic integration,"
"multilateral institution buildin g," "glo-
bal community," "co llective security,"
etc. But there is no mistakin g the fact
that the intent is to do away with the
United States.
Cecil Rhodes: His "Society of the Elect"
During the first half of this century,
would fulfill dream of world government.
prominent advocates of global gover-
Disarmament in a Peaceful World. That nance - socialists, communists, and capi-
pr ogr am ca lle d for " progressive co n- talist internationalists - wore their colors
trolled disarmament . .. to a point where more openly than their success ors of to-
no state would have the militar y power to day. Many volumes on world government
challenge the progressively strengthened by these political , business, and academic
U.N. Peace Force." In other words, the figures of yesteryear can be found in ma-
President of the United States, who had jor libraries. * The re, too, will be found a
taken an oath to uph old and defend this multitude of volumes of more recent vin-
country and its constitutional government, tage on "wo rld order" and related code
proposed to transfer all U.S. armaments to theme s.
the UN and then subject America to an In 1976 , Professor Sa ul Mendlovit z
all-powerful world gove rnment under the (CFR), director of the World Order Mod-
UN. Th is treasonous objective was made els Pr oj ect (W OMP) , proph esied th at
eve n mor e unmistakab ly c lear a few there "is no longer a question of whether
months later , in 1962, when Freedom or not there will be world government by
From War was superceded by a similar the year 2000." We are fast approaching
disarmament document entitled Blueprint that millennial milestone, and unless suf-
f or the Peace Race. Th is policy of disar- ficient numbers of American s become
mament has remained the officia l policy aware of the planned de struction th at
of the U.S. govern me nt thro ug h both faces us and active ly join the freedom
Democratic and Republican administra- fight , the forces of "s mugness and brutal-
tions and has been incorporated piecemeal ity" (and utter ruth lessness), as exempli-
into subsequent disarm ament agreements. fie d by Rh od es, Mendl ovit z, Talb ott ,
Clinton, et aI., will triumph . •
Eroding Our Sovereignty - WILLIAM F. J ASPER
In 1974, the Rhodes Scholar who is now
* For a more detaile d exam ination of this literature.
President Clinton ' s Amb assador to Spain, see William F. Jasper' s Global Tyrann y .. . Step by
Richard N. Gardner (CFR, TC), penned a Step , especially chapter 5. (For ordering informa-
signal article in the CFR journ al Foreign tion, see page 62.)
25
 DRIVE FOR GLOBAL CONTROL
Target: Total Government
S
hortly after Pr e sid ent Fr ankl in
Delan o Roose velt granted diplo-
mati c recog nitio n to the Soviet
Union, presidential adviser Sumner Welles
(CFR) stated that "if one took the figure
100 as re present ing the differen ce be -
tween Amer ica n de mocracy and Soviet
co mmunis m in 1917 , wi th th e United
States at 100 and the Soviet Union at 0,
American dem ocracy might eventua lly
reach the figure 60 and the Soviet system
might reach the figu re of 40." Welles'
predicti on is a starkly candid description
of the concept of convergence. Under this
design, the Soviet Union would become
less overtly totalitarian, while the United
States would assume more of the charac-
teristics of Soviet socialism; this process
would continue until both nations became
identical socia list twins.
In their 1968 work The Lessons of His-
tory, historians Will and Ariel Durant de-
scri bed co nv e rge nc e as a n hist oric al
inevitability: " .. . if the Hegelian formula
of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis is ap-
plied to the Industrial Revoluti on as the-
sis, and to capitalism versus socia lism as
antithesis, the third co ndition would be a
synthesis of capitalism and socialism; and
to this reco nciliatio n the Western world
visibly moves. Year by yea r the role of
Western gove rnment in th e eco nomy
rises, the share of the private sector de-
clines ... East is West and West is East,
and soo n the twain shall meet."
A more recent update on conv ergenc e
was provided by educatio na l th eori st
Mortimer Adler in his 1991 book Haves
Without Have-Nots: Essays fo r the 21st
Century on Democracy and Socialism .
Adler predicted that within a very short
perio d of time, "the USA and its NATO
allies [and] the USSR and its Warsaw Pact
allies .. . will be replaced by the USDR (a
union of socialist democrati c republics)
. .. as a penultimate stage of progress to-
ward a truly global world federation ...."
The crea tion of a "democratic socialist"
Am eri ca is , in fa ct, one ele me nt of a
ca mpaig n to create a soc ialist world gov-
ernme nt. As the articles in this issue dem-
onstrate, these deve lopments do not reflect
th e wo rki ngs of impe rso na l histor ical
forces, but are the result of conscious de-
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMB ER 16, 1996
cisio ns mad e by pol itical elites
who understand the co nsequences
of their action s.
"Pos t-Soviet" Russia rem ain s
in the grip of a soc ialist go vern-
ment that den ies the divine origin
of individu al rights. Acco rding to
Sergei Kovalev of the Ru ssian
Federation Human Right s Com -
mittee, "[ Russian] Society is ac-
customed to a situat ion in which
eve rything, goo d or bad, is given
to it from above. In particul ar ,
this applies to human rights, which
are still not thou ght of in Russia
as inalienable. A vie w that rights
are granted remains a part of pub-
lic attitudes and also a part of the
self-attitudes of authorities."
"Giving" of Rights
Th is view is also wides pread
among American po licy elites as
well. Arguably the best summary
of the Soviet view that "rights are
granted" was offered by President Karl Marx: His Communist Manifesto has
Clinton during a tel e vision ap- inspired our nat io n 's collectivist descent.
pearance on April 19, 1994. Mr. Clinton with another notable document - namely,
opined that "w hen we got orga nized as a the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx's de-
co untry ... we wrote a fairly radical Con- finitive blueprint for crea ting a total state.
stitution with a radic al Bill of Rights, giv- A rev iew of the Manifesto' S provisions
ing a radical amount of individual freedom offers sobering insights into our nation' s
to Americans...." (Emphasis added.) But acce lerating descent into collectivism .
according to Mr. Clinton, "there's a lot of The first plank of the Manifesto, "Abo-
irresponsibility" in contemporary America , lition of propert y in land and application
and "s o a lot of people say there' s too of all rent s of land to public purpo ses,"
much personal freedo m.... When personal has been implem ented to a shoc king ex-
freedom' s bein g abu sed, yo u ha ve to tent throughout the western United States.
move to limit it." Thus, from the Presi- As property rights activist Will iam Perry
dent ' s point of view, the federal gove rn- Pendl ey obser ves, "The fede ral gove rn-
ment retains plenary powers to take away ment ow ns more than 80 percent of Ne-
"excessive" freedom. va da; nearl y two-third s of Id ah o and
The essence of our republican form of Utah ; as much as half of Oregon, Wyo-
gove rnment can be summarized thus: The ming, Arizona and California; more than
powers of the federal government are few , a third of Colorado and New Mexico; and
clearly specified, and revoc able , and exist more than a quarter of Wa shin gton and
only to prot ect the lives, lib erties, and Montana."
property of the law-ab iding. Thi s concept An even more ambitious assault on pri-
inform s the ten amendments which com- vate propert y is presently underway: The
pose the Bill of Right s in the U.S. Consti- "Wildlands" project, a scheme which origi-
tutio n. Howe ver, Pre sident Cl in ton ' s nated with the United Nations but which
not ion th at th e Bill of Rights "give" is bein g impl em ent ed piec emeal by the
A me rica ns "a radi cal amo unt of ind i- Clinton Administration and radical envi-
vidual freedo m" is much more co mpatible ronmental lobbi es. As Science magazine
27
has explained, the "Wi ldlands approach
calls for 23.4 percent of the land to be re-
turned to wilderness and another 26.2 per-
cent to be seve rely restricted in term s of
human use.... [It would mean] nothing less
than a transfor mation of America from a
place where 47 percent of the land is wil-
dern ess to an arc hipelago of hum an -in-
habited isl ands surro unded by natural
areas."
Th e seco nd a nd fi fth pl anks of the
Manifesto, "A heavy progressive or gradu-
ated income tax" and "Ce ntra lization of
credit in the hands of the State, by means
of a nat ion al ban k," were both imple-
mented in 19 13, with the passage of the
16th Ame ndment and the Federal Reserve
Act. As America ns struggle to placate the
demands of the Internal Revenue Service,
and as American consumers see the pur-
chas ing pow er of their federal reserve
notes succumbing to eng ineered devalua-
tion, they are suffer ing the effects of these
elements of the Marx ist program.
Planks three and four , "A bolition of all
right of inheritance" and "Confiscation of
the property of all em igrants and rebels,"
have yet to be fully implemented in this na-
tion. Whil e the right of inheritance has not
been formally abolished, it has been greatly
injured by the imposition of steep inherit-
ance taxes. Additionally, in early 1995,
Senate Minority Leader Thomas Dasch le
(D-SD) proposed a measure which would
close a loophole in the income tax code
which now permits Americans who renounce
their citize nship to retain a large portion
of their untaxed wealth. Thi s proposal re-
lates directly to the Man ifesto.
Bill Clinton and National Service youth: Marching into government slavery.
28
Plank s six and seven, which deal with
centralization of the means of communi-
cation and tran sportation and centralized
co ntro l ov e r ag ric ult ure and indus try,
have been adopted in incremental fashion
through the federal gove rnment's regula-
tory behemoth. As investigative journalist
Warren McFerran noted nearly a decade
ago, "The soc ialis m dreamed of by Karl
Marx has assuredly been realized in this
regard, for a host of governme nt controls
and age nci es .. . have bee n create d to
regulate and co ntrol communication and
transportation." Further more, "So exten-
sive are the reg ulations and age ncies es-
tabli shed by the gove rnment [concernin g
agr iculture, indu str y, and land manage-
ment] that they could literally fill an en-
cyclopedia.... Total government dominance
over these area s is symbolized by the De-
partments of Commerce and Agricu lture."
This reflects the relentless absorption by
the federal gove rn me nt of functions re-
served by the Constitut ion to state and lo-
ca l govern me nts, in fulfi llme nt of th e
ninth plank ' s call for a "gradual elimina-
tion of the distinction between town and
country...."
Working for Government
The adoption of planks eight and ten -
"Equal liability of all tolabor" and "Free
education for all childre n in public schools
[and] co mbination of education with in-
dustrial product ion" - is ardently pursued
by the Clinton Administration. Bill Clin -
ton has described his national service pro-
gram for youth as a way "to revolutioni ze
the way young peopl e all across America
look at their co untry and fee l about them -
selves ...." The eve ntual goal, accordin g to
the Adm inistration' s Corpora tion for Na-
tional and Community Service, is to en-
list all Americans to provide "seasons of
serv ice" under federa l direction.
Fed erall y funde d an d mand ated na-
tional service, accordi ng to Mr. Clinton,
will "bind us toge ther as a people." Of
co urse , Mr. C linto n's program simp ly
bu ild s upon the vision of Soviet ru ler
Vladimir Lenin, who decreed : "We must
organize all labor , no matter how dirty
and arduous it may be, so that eve ry [sub-
ject] may rega rd himself as part of that
great army offree labor...."
Plank ten envisions a conso lidation of
public education with gove rnment-man-
dated serv ice; this was acco mplished in
the Soviet poiytechnical schools, in which
(t o quote So vi et ed uc a tio nal th eori st
Vladimi r Tur chenk o) "the upbringing of
the younger generation [became] the af-
fair of all memb ers of socie ty...." In the
Soviet sys tem, children are placed on a
career track early in life and "s lotted" for
occ upations selected by the state. This de-
sign is being followe d in American edu-
cational "reform" proposals suc h as the
Careers Act and the Workforce Develop-
me nt Act. Ed uca tion ac tivist Caro lyn
Steinke warns tha t these measures pre -
fig ure "the co mplete transform ation of
our rep ublic int o a socialis tic , govern-
ment -con troll ed , government-manage d,
nat ion al system for ' human reso urces
management.' "
Attack on the Family
Although fam ily matters are not spe-
cifically enumerated through a plank in
the Manifesto, Marx and Engels did de-
mand the "a bolition of the family" and the
replace me nt of "ho me educa tion" with
"social" educatio n. Ant icipating the ob-
jections of their critics, Marx and Enge ls
declared: " Do you charge us with wanting
to stop the ex ploi tation of chi ldre n by
their pare nts? To th is cha rge we plead
guilty."
In this the founders of co mmunism an-
ticipated the themes of the "children's
rights" movement, which depicts the tra-
ditional fami ly as a bastion of exp loitation
and repression. In her ghostwri tten tome
It Tak es a Village an d Oth er Lessons
Children Teach Us, Hill ary Rodh am
C linto n - arg uably th e most not abl e
chi ldre n's rights activis t - clai ms that
there are "terrible times when no adequate
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 howe ver , writes Lodge , communitar ian
regim es may impose con sen su s "auto-
cratically by fiat.... [T]he com munitarian
believes that coerc ion - prisons and the
like - may be necessary to secure [con-
sensus]."
Not surprisingly, Lodge co ncedes that
co mmunitarian regi mes tend to be "a uto-
cratic and brutal.. .. [S]o me use naked
force, others more sophisticated devices."
Furtherm ore, "There is nothin g inherently
goo d - or bad - about communitarian-
ism.... Stalin and Hitler were com munitar-
ian s , as a re Lee Kuan Ye w , a nd th e
leaders of Japan and Israel; even, it seems
to me, Bill Clint on."
~
"E By whatever name , the que st for total
S government continues apace, led and di-
~ rected by people whom Lodge describes
,3 as "energetic and creative individual s in
Strong traditional families form a major hindrance to the advance of socialism. gove rnment, interest groups, and corpora-
parenting is available and the village itself Managing Globalization in the Age of In- tions [who] are quietly assembling global
must act in place of parent s. It acce pts terdependence, Harvard Business Scho ol arrange ments.... For the most part, they
those res po nsibilit ies in all our names professor George C. Lodge (CFR) insists work outside of legislatur es and parli a-
through the authority we vest in govern- that the polit ical options for America "all ment s and are scree ned from the glare of
men t...." Time magazine has noted that lie within a communitarian framewo rk," the media in order to find co mmon inter-
Mrs. Clinton "has been more forceful than and the traditi onal American co ncept of es ts, sha pe a co nse ns us, and per su ad e
some peop le in arguing for severing pa- indi vidua lism - God-give n individua l those with power to change ." Some dare
rental rights in certain cases," and the First right s pr ote cted by a go vernment with call such activities co nspira toria l. •
Lady herself has declared that "some par- limited powers - is dead. W ILLI AM NORMAN G RIGG
ent s do not deserve co ntinued aut hority Market-oriented free societies prefer to
over their chi ldren." ma ke use of priva te means to ac hieve
But an eve n more fort hr ight endorse- public ends. Com munit arian societies, ac-
men t of the Marxist perspecti ve on the cording to Lodge, prefe r that "the commu-
famil y was offered by Dr. Mary Jo Bane, nity ... determ ine co mmunity needs by
ADVERTISING POLICY
the Clinton Admini stration ' s Assistant acting through its local, state, federal, re-
Secretary of Administration for Children gional, or global go ve rnme nt.. .." Com- Acceptance of an advertisement by
and Famili es in the Department of Health mun itarian gove rnme nts are presentl y in THE N EW A MERICAN does not nec-
and Hum an Services. According to Dr. place thr oughout the world, and, writes essarily con stitute endorsement of
Bane, "If we want to talk about equality Lod ge, "differences amo ng the var ious its sponsor, or of the products or
of opportunity for children, then the fact forms of comm unitarianism seem to be di- services offered . However, we will
that children are raised in famili es means mini shing"; thi s le ave s po litical elites not knowingly publish advertise-
there' s no equality... . In orde r to ra ise with the task of "mes hing . .. the various ments that are fraudulent, libelous,
children with equality, we must take them forms of communitarianism together so as misleading, or pornographic - or
away from families and communally raise to create the basis [of] the tran snational contrary to the policies of THE N EW
them. " Th at pronouncement provides an gove rnment mechan isms the management A MERICAN.
eerie echo of this directive, which was is- of globalization requires."
sued at a congress of Russian Communist In the American co ncept, the role of the We reserve the right to reject any
Part y educa tor s in 1918: "We must re- state is simply to defend individual rights advertisement we find unsuitable.
move the children from the crude influence and propert y. However, Lodge ad vises ,
of their famili es. We must take them over "The role of the state in a communitarian THE NEW A MERICAN welcomes all
and, to speak frankly, nationalize them ." society is to define co mmu nity needs and serious inquiries.
to insure that they are implemented. Inevi-
Quest for "Communitarianism" tably, the state takes on important tasks of
Th e ideological doct ri ne tha t unde r- coordination, priority setting, and plan-
gir ds the quest for total governme nt is ning...." Where American constitutional-
kn own by sev era l names - socialism, ism emphasizes equa lity before the law,
newAmerican
co mmunis m, collectivism. However , in co mmunitarianism req uires "equality of Advertising Manager
recent years a new label has been coi ned: result." In our free inst ituti on s, public P.o. Box 8040
"Communitarianism.' In his 1995 book con sensus is achieved through persuasion; Appleton, WI 54913
(414) 749-3784
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 HARVEST OF TYRANNY
The Price of Losing
,'we shall have world gove rn-
me nt, whe the r or not we
like it," declared interna-
tiona l banker James P. War burg (CF R) in
testimony before the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Comm ittee in 1950. "The question
is only whether world government will be
achieve d by co nsent or by conquest." In
1994, Shr idath Ramph al, co-c hairman of
the Commission on Globa l Governance,
proudly declared that the era of world
governme nt had already begun , "be-
cause there an: no sanctuaries left -
there' s no place to run to."
"More Lethal Than War"
What would be the co nsequences if
the world government sought by In-
si ders like Warburg a nd Ramph al
came to pass? Terror and oppression
without prec edent, warns Professor
RJ . Rummel of the Uni versi ty of
Hawaii, a renowned expert on "demo-
cide" - the systema tic mass-murder
by govern men ts . In this century,
warns Ru mmel , " gove rn me nt has
been truly a mass murd erer, a global
plague of man' s own making." Where
" abso lute Powe r reign s," Rummel
observes , government is more lethal
than war: " . .. even without the ex-
cuse of combat, Power also massa-
cres in co ld bl ood those he lp less
people it controls - in fact, severa l times
more of them."
In Geor ge Or wel l' s novel 1984, Big
Brother' s agent O'B rien exp lains to his
victim Wi nston Smith that "the Party
seek s power entirely for its own sake. We
are not interested in the good of others; we
are interes ted solely in power.... One does
not es tablish a dictator ship in order to
safeguard a revoluti on ; one makes a revo-
lution in order to establish a dictatorship.
The object of persecution is persecution.
The objec t of torture is torture. The object
of power is power." Or well' s fiction was
a mirror of Soviet reality: Leni n explained
that "the scientific concept of dictatorship
means nothing else but this: power without
limit, resting directly upon force, restrained
by no laws, absolute ly unre stricted b y
rules."
History tells us what life was like when
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
the co mmunists, or their national socialist
cousins , or their forebears in the French
Revolution, took control. Can the mind
fathom what might happen if such domin -
ion were global ? Co uld we expect to fare
better than those who lost their liberty to
co mmunis t tot a lit ari an s - es pe c ially
when the communis t me nace was nur -
tured and sustained by the West ?
In Death by Go vernment, Pro fessor
Rummel estimates those murdered at the
hands of the Communist Party of the So-
viet Union over six decades at nearly 62
million human being s. Tha t is, as Rummel
put s it, more than four times the battle
dead for all natio ns dur ing the Second
Worl d War.
In The God of th e Mac hi ne, Isab el
Paterson recalls: "The Communist regime
in Russia gained powe r by promi sing the
peasants land , in terms the promisers
knew to be a lie. Having gaine d power,
the Communists took from the peasants
the land they already owned and extermi-
nated those who resisted . Thi s was done
by plan and inte nti on ; and the lie was
praised as 'social engi neering' by soc ial-
ist admirers in America...."
S oviet "soc ia l e ng ineering" included
such grotesque campaigns as the forced
collectivization and man-made "terror-
famine" in the Ukraine, which resulted in
at least seve n million deaths. At the root
of thi s atroci ty was the deni al of basic
property rights: Starving subjects were
impriso ned for harvesting food from what
had been their ow n land. In Harvest of
So rrow, Rob ert C onq ue st writes : " A
woman was sentenced to ten years for cut-
ting a hundred ears of ripeni ng corn, from
her own plot, two weeks after her husband
had die d of starvatio n.... Ano ther
wo ma n was sentenced to ten yea rs
for pickin g ten onions from co llec-
tive land. A Soviet scholar quot es a
sente nce of ten years forced labour
without the right to amnesty, and con-
fiscation of all property, for gathering
seve nty pound s of wheat stalk to feed
the fami ly."
Mass Murder in Red China
Mao Tse-tun g' s campaign to crea te
a "New Man" in Communist China
caused, at the very least, more than 35
million deaths, according to Professor
Ru mme l. W hile this fig ure is the
mos t modest scholarl y es tima te, it
Q; represents th e kill in g of approxi -
e'
~ mately one of eve ry 20 men, women,
~ and childre n. Mao was nearly whim-
.~
c, sical about his murderous policies,
~ telling his Commu nist Party cadre in
1958: "What' s so unusual about Em-
peror Shih Huang of the Chin Dynasty?
He had buried alive 460 scholars, but we
have bur ied alive 46,0 00 sc ho lars .... We
are I00 times ahead of the Emperor Shih
.. . in repre ssion of counter-revo lutionary
scholars."
Where early Red Chinese efforts focused
on co llectivizing property and reconstruct-
ing the famil y, the Cultural Revolution
was a campaign against "thoughtcrime."
As Paul John son writes in Modern Times,
the Cultural Revolution "was a revolution
of illiterates and semiliterates against in-
tellect uals, the 's pectacle-wearers' as they
were ca lled. It was xenop hobic, aimed at
those who ' think th e moon is rou nder
abroad.' The Red Guards had a great deal
in co mmo n wit h [Naz i le ad er Erns t]
Roeh m ' s Bro wnsh irts, and the entire
movement with Hitler' s campaign agai nst
'cosmopol itan civi lizatio n.' It was the
33

The regime in Red China has murdered millions.
greatest witch-hunt in history...."
But g lobalist-minded Insiders in the
West never lost their enthusiasm for Com -
mun ist Chin a. "W hateve r the price of the
Chinese Revoluti on, it has obviously sue-
ce eded," enthuse d David Rockefell er in
1973 . "T he soc ia l ex per ime nt in China
under Ch airm an Mao' s leadership is one
of the most important and succ ess ful in
hum an history." Eve n today, under a sup-
posedl y " moderate" regim e, the tortures
co ntinue in China: Forced abortio ns, in-
fanticide and sterilizatio n; religio us perse-
cution; and repressive labor cam ps whic h
prod uce cheap goo ds sold to the West, in-
cluding the U.S., where our go vern me nt
abets the regime in power.
French Revolution: A Pattern
Soviet an d Maoist abominations have
been cloned elsew here : Vietn am , Camb o-
dia, North Korea, throu ghout Afric a, East-
ern and Central Europe, Cuba, and Central
and South America.
In Rom ani a, dict at o r Nicol ae Ceau-
sesc u long enjoyed Washington ' s favo rs.
Former U.S . Amba ssad or to Romani a
Da vid Fund erburk ha s described ho w
Ceausescu oversaw eve rything fro m how
far apart corn rows should be planted,
to the execution "o f wo rkers and pea s-
a nts for stea ling me at fro m pa ck in g
p la n ts a n d grains of w heat fro m lo c al
coopera tive farms, the pull ing of plugs
in hosp itals killing bab ies in inc ubators
34
for energy -sav ing reasons, and
the crac kdow n o n re ligio us
fig ures...."
Castro' s war again st the Cu-
ban people is vividly related in
the harrow ing acc ount of Ar-
mand o Valladares, who spe nt
22 years in th e Cuban g ulag.
Valladares recalls the brave pa-
triots who were gagged before
executi on to muffl e their shouts
of "Long live Chri st the King!
Down with Communism!" Val-
ladares recounts "baths" of feces
and urine, and recalls merciless
beatin gs by j ailers usin g trun-
cheons, electr ica l ca bles, and
bayonets. In Against A ll Hope,
Valladares ob ser ves that when
the guards saw what terror they
in spired , it "spurred them to
greater a nd g rea te r viole nce .
They were drunk with it, it be-
cam e a mean s of pleas ure for
them ."
Such has be en the co urs e of power-
intoxicated utopian s since the French
Revolution, the progenitor of all modern
totalitar ian regimes (s ee page 35) . Th e
revolutio naries in Fran ce so ug ht to re-
make soc iety entirely - a new ca lendar,
new mone y, the banning of private schoo ls
and the creati on of a cent ralized , sec ular
school sys tem, gov ern me nt regul ation of
the Church , and much more. First, though ,
cam e destru ction .
Barbarism was both syste ma tic and
com mo nplace duri ng the French Revolu-
tion . On e co ntem porary historian reca lled :
A murderer pla yed the violin be-
side the co rpses, and thi eves, wi th
the ir pocket s full of go ld, hanged
other th ieves on the ban isters. Still
worse horrors took place that cannot
be wr itten, namel e ss indecencies,
hideou s deb aucher ies, ghas tly muti-
lations of the dead, and aga in, as af-
ter the siege of the Bastille, ca nniba l
o rgies . Be fore gr eat fires, hast il y
kindled in the apartment, "c utlets of
S wi ss [Gua rds]" were gr ille d and
eaten....
Th e revolution arie s vented their mur-
de rou s furi e s most mem or abl y in La
Vend ee, a region of France inhabited by
devout traditional C h ristians w ho o p posed
the new order. Histori an John Wil son re-
calls that 250,000 peopl e were liquidated
in the Vendee bet ween 1793 and 1799.
General Westermann, who presided over
the cam paign, pro udly informed the revo-
lutionary govern me nt that the Vend ee ' s
"wome n and children ... died under our
sa be rs .. .. As yo u ordere d, the c hi ldre n
were trampl ed to death by our horses, the
women butchered so that they no longer
give birth to little brigands. The streets are
littered with corpses whic h so meti mes are
stacked in pyramid s."
Terror by Design
Anarchist Prin ce Kropotkin ac know l-
edge d in 1909 that "the French Revolut ion
. .. was the source of all the present co m-
mu nis t, anarch ist, and socialist co ncep-
tions." Ind eed , Naz i propagand ist Josef
Goebbels, who maintained th at bloody-
hand ed Nati onal Soci ali sm was an "au -
th oritari an dem oc racy," sta te d w itho ut
equivocation that he " paid homage to the
French Revolu tion for all the poss ibilities
of life an d de vel o pme nt whic h it had
brought to the peo ple. In this sense, if you
like, I am a dem oc rat."
The French Revolut ion was the ance stor
of all modern ex peri me nts in terror-by-de-
sign: The atrocities 'committed by Len in,
Stalin, Mao, Hitler, Castro, Ceau sescu ,
and the res t were plann ed , not incide ntal.
Th e same was true of the French Revolu -
tion , as Lord Acto n obse rved in his Lec-
tures on the Fren ch Revolution : "The
appalling thin g in the French Revoluti on
is not the tum ult, but the design . Th rough
all the fire and smoke we perceive the evi-
dence of calc ula ting organization. T he
managers remain studiously co ncealed
and masked; but there is no doubt abo ut
their presence fro m the first."
The same is true of the modern drive for
total power under a new wor ld order: It is
the pro duct of "calculated organizat ion"
by "st udiously concealed and masked" fig-
ures whose actions we can identify through
the fire and smo ke of disinform ation .
Those who wo uld rule the wo rld have a
large appetite indeed . Simil ar procli vities
were commented on by the tortu rer in
1984, who gloried to his victim abo ut the
" intoxication of power, co ns ta ntly in-
creasing and co nstantly growing subtler.
Always, at every mom ent , there wi ll be
th e thrill of vic to ry , th e se nsatio n of
trampling on an ene my who is helpl ess.
If you wa nt a picture of the future, imag-
ine a boot sta mpi ng on a human face -
forever." •
- WILLIAM P. H OA R
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBE R 16, 1996
 ROOTS OF CONSPIRACY

Two Centuries of Intrigue

D own through the ages there have members of the Pari s Academy. Thi s fra- Enter t he Illum ina ti
been many secret societies and ternity, which sought the destruction of

had as their goal s absolute rule of the self grandly as the "Philosophes."
Inspired by the radical Philosophes and
conspiratorial movements that Christian-style civilization, referred to it- instructed by a mysterio us occultist named
Kolmer from what is now Denmark,
world , overthrow of all existing govern- Voltaire 's influence over King Fred- Adam Wei shaupt, a professor of Canon
ments , and the final destruction of all reli- erick of Pru ssia and the publication of Law at the University of Ingolstadt (in Ba-
gion. It is possible with much study (see Diderot' s Encyclop edi c, be ginning in varia, Germ any) established a continuing
the biblio graphy on page 73) to trace the l7SI , testified of the Philosophes' early orga nizatio na l struc tur e to direct the
origins and de velopments of many such success. The conspirator s hoped that the worldwide attack on religion and monar-
movement s: The early anti-Christian mys- Encyclopedic would bec ome a standard chy - a structure which would, he hoped,
ticism of the Gno stics ; the con- eventu ally rule the world. The
spiracy against orthodox Islam organization Weishaupt founded
founded by Hasan Saba in Per- on May I, 1776 was called the
sia in 1090 AD as the Order of Order of the Illuminati.
the Assassins ; the apostate Or- Wei shaupt planned for the
der of the Kni ghts Templar, Ord er to maintain publicly the
whose heretic al leaders imitated image of a charitable and phil-
the Assassins' system for the de- anthropic organiza tion. It was
struction of Chri stianity. thi s image which attracted so
From the 13th through the man y German edu cat ors and
17th centuries such groups as Prote stant clergymen to the Or-
the Luciferi ans, Ro sicrucians, der. When they joined they were
and the Levell ers continued the con vinced that the goal of the
war against Christianity that had Order was the purest form of
begun in Europ e with the Tem- Chri stianity, to make of all man-
plar s. Becau se a few organi za- kind "one happy and prosperous
tional link s can be found , it is famil y." Once enli sted as nov-
eve n possibl e to establish that ices or "Minerva ls" in the Order ,
some of these groups were not th ose who we re prepared fo r
merel y imit atin g each other or de ep er commitment we re al-
so me older sys te m of beli ef. lowed to advance to the rank of
Man y of th ese earlier move- Illuminatu s Minor, where the y
ment s, however, have left very All-seeing eye of Illuminati's "Insi nuatin g Bretheren." were told that the only obstruc-
fragmentary evidence, so it is not possible refer ence sourc e wherein every literate tion to the Order ' s goal of universal hap-
to trace from 1100-1700 any continuing person would seek knowledge on all sub- piness was the power bein g held by the
organizational structure which was en- jects and thus receive propag anda against religious and governmental institutions of
gaged in a coordinated and centrally con- civil order and the Chri stian religion. Its the world. Ac cordingly, the leaders of
trolled plot for world rule. publication caused the influ enc e of this these instituti ons - monarchs (or future
group to grow rapidly . monarchs) and clergymen - had either to
Early Associations Voltaire bore an implacable hatred of all be brought under the control of the Order
By the middle of the 18th century, rem- religions, of all monarch s, and of all mo- or destroyed. If such a prospect frightened
nants and parallel s of various destructi ve rality derived from religiou s belief. He was the new Illuminatus Minor, he was kept
movements began to associate under a obsessed with a fie ndish desire for the to- inacti ve at this level until his ethical con-
central group which was to create a con- tal destruction of all three. He ended all his cept s were altered.
tinuing organizational structure that would letters with the battle cry, "Let us crush the As Wei shaupt stated, "These [ruling]
someday, its founders hoped , rule the wretch! Cru sh the wretch !" The "wretch" powers are despots when they do not con -
world after all exi sting religion s and gov- to whom he referred , of course, is Christ duct themselves by its [the Order ' s] prin-
ernments had been destroyed . As Abbe and His Church. Chri stians, said Voltaire , ciples ; and it is therefore our duty to
Augustin Barruel documented in his in- are "beings exceedingly inj urious, fanat- surround them with its members, so that
valuable study Memoirs Illustratin g the ics, thie ves, dup es, imposters . . . enemies the profane may have no access to them.
History of Jacobinism (see ad on inside of the hum an race ." In the war aga inst Thu s we are able most powerfull y to pro-
cover), th e intellectual base fo r thi s m o v e - Chri stianit y. acco rding to Voltaire, "It is mote its [the Order' s] interests. If any per-
ment was laid in the mid-1 8th century by necessary to lie like a devil, not timidly son is more disposed to listen to Princes
Voltaire, Rou sse au , Did erot, and other and for a time , but boldl y and alwa ys." than to the Order, he is not fit for it, and

THE NE W AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996 35

 must rise no higher. We must do our ut-
most to procure the adva ncement of Illu-
minati into all important civil offices."
After the cand idate had proven his ab-
solute devotion to the secrets of the Order,
he was allowed to enter the top- level
circle of initiates as an IIluminatu s Major,
j ust below the positi on of Rex held by
Weishaupt. By now, all con vention al ide-
alism had been purged from the candidate
and he was told about the real objectives
of the Orde r: rule of the world , to be ac-
compli shed after the destruction of all ex-
isting governments and religions. He was
now required to take an oath which bound
his every thought and action, and his fate,
to the administration of his superiors in
the Order.
But Weishaupt did not simply rely on
the sincerity of his disciple s. He set up an
elaborate spy network so that all members
would constantly be checking on the loy-
alty of each other. The secret police of the
Order killed anyone who tried to inform
the authorities about the conspiracy. This
band was kn own as the " Insinuating
Brethren" and had as its insignia an all-
seeing eye.
The structure of the Order was pyrami-
dal, with Weishaup t at the top. Beneath
him were two or three immediate subor-
dinates, each of whom had three men un-
der his orders ; each of tho~e three had
several men who carried out his dictate s;
and so on. In their correspondence, Illu-
minists were required to use code names
for them selves. Weishaupt called himself
Sp art acu s; others we re Cat o, Mar ius,
Brutus, Pythagoras, Socrates, and Hanni-
bal. Weishaupt, who had been raised and
educated by the Jesuits before rebelling
against them , adopted much of the orga-
nizati onal sys tem of the Jesuit s for his
Order.
As a reward for selling himself totally
to the Order, the top-level Illuminatus (of
which there were few) was granted all the
material and sensual benefits that could
possibly be obtained . Weishaupt intended
that "the power of the Ord er must be
turned to the adva ntage of its members.
All must be assisted. The y must be pre-
ferred to all persons otherwise of equal
merit. Mone y, services, honor, goods, and
blood mu st be expended for the fully
proved Brethren."
Th is intricate conspiratorial structure
a mong th e econom ic , social, polit ical, a nd
cultural elite in Bavaria was tremend ously
successful: Within two yea rs after the
36
Siege of the Bastille: "Spontaneous uprising " was creation of the Order.
foundin g of the Order, all but two of the
professorial cha irs at the University of
Ingolstadt were held by members of the
Order. Furthermore , it is estimated that
befor e 1789 ther e were at lea st 2,000
members of the Order in the German-
speaking lands. Many of these were min-
isters, lawyers, doctors, and even a few
princes. None were members of the lower
classes, the agricultural working masses,
or the serfs. The influen ce of the Order on
Germ an educati on and the German clerg y
was devastatin g. By 1800 many German
mini sters no longer believed the most
basic tenet s of Chri stian doctrin e. The y
had been co nve rted to the wors hip of
"reason."
Widening Influence
The origin al writings of the Orde r in-
cluded detailed instructions for fomenting
hatred and bloodshed between different
racial, religious, and ethnic groups - and
even between the sexes. The idea of pro-
moting hatred between children and their
parents was introduced. There were even
instructions about the kind s of buildings
to be burned in urban insurrecti on s. In
short, virtually every tactic employed by
20th-century subversives was planned and
writte n down by Adam Weishaup t ove r
200 yea rs ago .
It was not until the summer of 1782 that
the Order really began to grow in power
and influence outside Bav aria. Having
already contemplated the possibility of in-
fi ltrat ing the fr ee masonic b o d ie s of W e st-
ern Eu rope and then taking co ntro l of
them, Weishaupt and his brilliant disciple,
Baron Adolf von Knigge (Philo), at last
had their cha nce. During that summer,
leaders and delegates of the co ntinental
Europe an free maso nic bod ies met in a
congress held in Wilhelmsbad . Acting as
Wei shaupt ' s agent, von Knigge joined
them and offered enticing promi ses of the
secrets that the Illum inati had to offer.
Von Kn igge persuaded ma ny of the
German and Fren ch del egat es to j oin
Weish aupt ' s movem ent, and they ex-
tend ed the influen ce of the Ord er int o
their individual lodges. The two leaders of
German freemasonry, Duke Ferdin and of
Brunswi ck and Prince Karl of He sse,
joined the Order, thus bringing the whole
of German freemaso nry under the control
of the Illum inati.
French Conne ction
Anothe r important new disciple was the
French Count Honore Gabriel Mirabeau ,
who was brought into the Order while in
Germ an y and who wa s chose n to take
Weishaupt' s system to France. Amo ng
Mirabeau' s most important recru its were
the Duke of Orlean s (Philippe Egalite),
Brissot, Condorcet, Savalette, Gregoi re,
Garat, Petion, Babeuf, Barna ve, Sieyes,
Saint-Ju st, Desmoulin s, Hebert, Santerre,
Danton , Ma rat, Chenier, and j ust about
every other leader in the impending French
Revoluti on.
Th e Duk e of Orl ean s, leader of the
Grand Orient Lodge in Paris, was a key
Illuminatu s. Th rough the Grand Orien t
lodges . the Ill u m in ati c reated a nd con-
trolled the Jacobin Club houses in Paris,
through which the most violent and sub-
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBE R 16, 1996
versive revolutionaries were mobilized in
anticipation of the revolution ; Orlean s and
the Grand Orient were the crucial interme-
di ary bet ween the French radicals and
Weishaupt' s directorate in Bavaria. How-
ever, even as critical instructions were be-
ing transmitted through this network , the
Elector of Bavaria uncov ered the entire
plot.
The discovery of the plot was literall y
providential: A courier sent from Frank-
fort to Paris in 1785 was killed by a bolt
of lightnin g. On his body were found in-
criminating papers about the Order and
the name of Xavier Zwack . Z wack ' s
home in Land shut wa s raid ed by the
Elector' s police and his copy of Wei s-
haupt ' s writings was taken . The Electo r
publicly outlawed the Order and clo sed
many of the free masonic lodge s known
to be under its control. The Elector also
sent printed copie s of the Order ' s writings
to all of the important monarchs in Eu-
rope. It was from copies of the Order' s
writing s that Abbe Barruel in France and
the eminent Professor John Robi son in
England gathered the information con-
tained in their important books - Bar-
ruel' s Memoirs and Robison ' s Proofs of a
Conspiracy.
The French Revolution was not a spon-
taneous uprising of the oppre ssed masses.
In France , the ten years prior to 1789 had
seen the development of greater social and
pol itical reform by the mon archy than
ever before . The lot of the common people
had steadily impro ved and there was no
visible discontent due to economi c mis-
ery. The upheaval was not a chance event ,
but an orche strated effort to create a new
political order.
The siege of the Bastille on July 14,
1789 , an event which ha s been per sis-
tently misrepresented and romanticized ,
was an excellent example of how the Illu-
minati stage- managed the events of the
French Revoluti on. Only one out of every
thousand people in Paris participated in
this "siege." The incident was merel y an
attempt to obtain the guns and ammuni-
tion rumored to be in the Bastille so that
those loyal Frenchmen who participated
could use the weapon s to put down a
Jacobin di sturbance in another part of
Pari s. E ven thou gh th e gua rds at the
Bastille did not know the true motive of
the mob, only one of the 15 available can-
nons was fired at the crowd.
When the mob got insid e the prison ,
they found only seven inm at es, all of
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
whom were living quite comfortably in
this "horrible monstro sity of despoti sm":
Four forgers; two lunatics who were mad
be fore the y we re imprison ed ; and the
Comte de Solages, who was incarcerated
for "monstrous crimes" at the request of
his famil y. Needl ess to say , they found
none of the instruments of torture about
which they had heard.
Not surpri singly , the clergy was singled
out as an object of relentle ss persecuti on
and eventu al ex terminatio n. Churches
were profaned and prostitutes were wor-
shiped on their altars. The campaign to
de-Christianize France included eve n the
cr ea tion of a new calendar stripped of
reli giou s sig nifica nce . Assaults were
mounted against religious education, and
the first conscription for military service
was put into effect.
The rule of civil government and au-
thority in Pari s dropped to an unprec-
edented low dur ing the Reign of Terror
which began in 1794 . Th e Terror also
claimed the lives of many Illumin ists as
mob violence spun out of control.
Just before his execution in 1794, the
Illumini st Robespierre , who had presided
over much of the Terror, advo cated the
systematic extermination of 15 million
Frenchmen so that the remaining food
supplies would be adequate. Although this
prototype ecological "depopulation" pro-
gram was not fully implemented, the Ter-
ror did extin gu ish the lives of at least
300,000 Frenchmen - 297,000 of whom
were memb ers of the middl e and lower
agricultural and working cla sses. As al-
ways, the "people's revolution " primaril y
victimized its alleged benefici aries.
Suppression and Survival
In 1788, after the suppression of Illumi-
nism in Bavari a, Karl Bahrdt and Baron
von Knigge attempted to revive it under
the name of the Germ an Uni on , whi ch
soo n came to control the book selling and
publishing business in the German lands;
this assured that only those books on reli-
gion, philo sophy, and politics which were
acceptable to the Order would be avail-
able and read by the public. Howe ver, it
was not until 1810 that the Order was re-
vived in what is now Germany, this time
under the name of the Tugendbund.
But before then the Illumini sts had al-
ready atte mpted to expor t Jacobin-style
revolution to the infant United States. The
U.S. was established as a constitutional
republic in 1789, the same year the Illu-
min ati ' s dev astati on of Fran ce began.
Shortly there after, agents of the Illumi-
nati , such as Fren ch agitat or Ed ward
Genet, began organizing insurrectionary
and secessionist movement s to destroy the
American Republic . Their efforts were
delayed by widespread public expo sure ,
thanks in no sma ll mea sure to George
Washington , who condemned "the nefari-
ous, and dangerous plan, and doctrines of
the Illuminati ...." Another memorable
warning was offered in a Jul y 4, 1799 ad-
dress by Tim oth y Dwight , pre sident of
Yale College.
By 1815, Weishaupt' s ambassadors had
begun to extend their influence into many
part s of the world beyond Bavari a and
France. Amon g the personages and orga-
nizations resp on sible for extending the
Illuminati ' s infiltration and power through-
out Europe were Filippo Michele Buonar-
roti and his Sublim es Maitres Parfaits
(Sublime Perfec t Masters), and Loui s
Au gu ste Bl anqui and th e Societ e des
Saisons (Society of the Seasons). Tho se
two branches of the Illumin ati formed the
source of the League of the Just, which
co mmiss ioned Karl Marx to write the
Communist Manifesto in 1848. Following
publication of the Manifesto, the League
of the Just changed its name to the Com-
muni st League. The Illumini sts provided
the unseen hand behind the staged com-
munist revolts of 1848, which co nvulsed
France , Au stri a-Hungary, and Ru ssia .
Thi s inaugur ated the era of co mmunist
subversion, infiltrat ion , and co ntrol of
governments across the globe - an era
which has not ended, contrary to "polite"
opinion.
As James H. Billington, a respected
scholar who is now the Librarian of Con-
gress , illustrate s in his exhau stivel y docu-
mented 1980 study Fire in the Mind s of
Men: The Origin s of the Revolutionary
Faith , it is from "Bavarian Illum inism"
that "the modern revo lutionary tradition"
descends. Am on g the subvers ive and
revolutionary 19th and earl y 20th century
movement s created by the Illumin ati (pri-
marily throu gh European Grand Orient
freem asonry, not Briti sh and American
freema sonr y) were the Marxi an and "uto-
pian " socialist movements; an archi sm ;
sy ndicalism; Pan Slavism ; Irish, Italian
and German "nationalism"; Germ an Im-
periali sm ; the Paris Commune; Briti sh
" New Imperiali sm" ; Fab ian Sociali sm ;
and Leninist Bolshevism. •
- WI LLI AM H. M cI LH ANY
37
 THE COMMUNIST ARM
Pipeline to Moscow
espots throughout history have
D
employed the Big Lie to beguile,
manipulate, and control would-
be vassals. The Master Conspiracy de-
scribed throughout this issue of THE NEW
AMERICAN, for instance, has for over two
centuries honed the technique into a razor-
sharp tool for sculpting its new world or-
.de r. And the biggest of its corpulent
fabrications may be the pretense that the
United States has been the world's fore-
most bulwark against communism.
In reality , the historical record brims
with hard evidence that rather than effec-
tively opposing communism, our govern-
ment has consistently nurtured communist
leadership with material aid and offered
crucial strategic support for communism 's
advance. In short , our government, con-
trary to the "official history," has been the
single most powerful benefactor of the
Master Conspiracy 's communist arm.
Bucks for Bolsheviks
In 1918, even before Lenin solidified
his power, U.S . businesses began clamor-
ing to "capitalize" the Russian economy.
Lenin granted hundreds of concessions to
dozens of firms which in turn proceeded
to build Soviet industry. In 1944 , U.S.
Ambassador to the Soviet Union W .
Averell Harriman (CFR) reported to the
State Department on a conversation be-
tween Soviet dictator Josef Stalin and Eric
U.S. soldiers in Vietnam: Hanoi was supplied by Soviets, who were aided by U.S.
THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
Johnston , president of the U.S. Chamber
of Commerce: "Stalin paid tribute to the
assistance rendered by the United States
to Soviet industry before and during the
War. He said that about two-thirds of all
the large industrial enterprises in the So-
viet Union had been built with the United
States' help or technical assistance."
On May 18, 1921 , Stalin declared in
Pravda that "it is essential that the trium-
phant proletariat of the advanced coun-
tries should render aid, real and prolonged
aid, to the toiling masse s of the backward
nationalities in their cultural and eco-
nomic development.. .." He cautioned that
"unless such aid is forthcoming it will be
impossible to bring about the peaceful co-
existence and fraternal collaboration of
the toilers of the various nations and
peoples within a single world economic
system that are so essential for the final
triumph of socialism." (Emphasis added .)
The concept of foreign aid was thus
conceived for the purpose of having the
"advanced countries" finance and help
communist and other co llectivist govern-
ments all over the world . Yet it was sold
to the American people, by their own gov-
ernment leaders and the major media, as a
means of opposing communism.
During Wor ld War II, the Soviets ben -
efited from our Lend-Lease program to
the tune of $11 .1 billion, of which they
eventually repaid a mere $36 million (less
than one percent) before reneging alto-
gether. Much of this aid was not military
equ ipment to fight Hitler, but instead the
wherewithal to industrialize after the war.
It included entire industrial plants, oil re-
fineries, railroad rolling stock, merchant
ships, etc.
Between 1944 and 1947, the United
Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Admin-
istration (UNRRA) received $2.7 million
from the U.S. - virtually all of its fund-
ing. UNRRA resources were extensively
employed by the Soviets to secure control
of Eastern Europe. So-called "relief ' sup-
plies were channelled through Soviet-con-
trolled puppet governments, which passed
them out as rewards to those who be-
nignly submitted to their rule and with-
held them from those who resisted .
Wartime Aid to the Enemy
During the Vietnam War it was well
known that North Vietnam was receiving
the vast majority of its assistance from the
Soviet Union and other communist na-
tions. Our government, through massive
aid to and trade with the Soviets and their
satellites, indirectly stocked and replen-
ished the enemy arsenal.
In August 1966, with U.S. war casual-
ties escalating, the State Department issued
a publication entitled Private Boycott s vs.
The National Interest (Department of State
Publication 8117) , which branded as anti-
American those Americans who opposed
trade with the communists. The document
declared: "All American citizens should
know that any American businessman
who chooses to engage in peaceful trade
with the Soviet Union or Eastern Euro-
pean countries and to sell the goods he
buys is acting within his rights and is fol-
lowing the policy of his government. So,
too, is any American citizen who chooses
to buy such goods ." However, according
to the State Department document, "any
organization, however patriotic in inten-
tion , that undertakes to boycott, blacklist,
or otherwise penalize or attack any Ameri-
can business for engaging in peaceful
trade with Eastern European countries or
the Soviet Union, is acting against the in-
terest s of the United States."
Shortly thereafter, a dispatch in the
39
Chicago Tribun e for December 26, 1966
revealed: "Weapons of the Polish armed
force s are being shipped from Stettin har-
bor in Poland in ever increasing quantities
to North Vietnam harbor s.... While on one
side of the Stettin harbor American wheat
is being unloaded from freighters, on the
other side of the same harbor weapon s are
lo aded which ar e being used ag ain st
American soldiers .... The Poles recei ve
the wheat [from the U.S.] on credit and
they in turn ship their weapons to North
Vietnam on credit. "
Building the Red War Machine
In 1972, the U.S. began its participation
in construction for the So viets of th e
world ' s largest heavy truck factory: the
Kama River plant near Neberezhnyye. On
August IS, 1972, Professor Antony Sut-
ton, a leadin g auth ority on U.S.-Soviet aid
and trade, address ed a subcommittee of
the Republican Party platform committee.
He told the panel that "perhaps 90-95 per-
cent" of all Soviet technology had com e
"directly or indirectly from the United
States and its allie s. In effect the United
States and the NATO countries have built
the Soviet Union. " Regarding the Kam a
River plant, he pred icted that once in op-
eration it would be "50 per cent more pro-
ductive" than exi sting Soviet facilitie s in
producing truck s with military potential.
A few years later, the December 18,
1978 U.S. News & World Report would re-
late that to "American businessmen based
in Mo scow , the huge Kam a River truck
plant stands as a living symbol of how de-
tente can work when the politicians keep
out. " The plant, U.S . News continued,
"contains more than I billion dollars'
worth of We stern-made machinery - by
far the biggest single example yet of the
West-to -East technology transfer."
One year later, after the So viets in-
vaded Afgh ani stan, the New York Times
reported on Janu ary 4, 1980: "Trucks pro-
duced at the huge plant on the Kama River
in central Russia that was built largel y
with American technology ha ve been
identified with Soviet milit ary force s in
Afghanistan , according to a confidential
Commerce Department memorandum." It
was hardly a surprise since the "agree-
ment under which the United States pro-
vided assistance to the project contained
no restriction on the use of the vehicles ."
On April 13, 1982, Sen ator William
Arm strong (R-CO) began an important
speech on the Senate floor with the star-
40
tling asse rtion that "Ame rica's budgetary
woes would not be nearl y so seve re if our
econo my wer e not groan ing und er the
strain of financin g two military budgets:
Our own , and a significant portion of the
Soviet Union ' s." He charged that even as
American s were being asked to further
tighten their belts to pay for U.S. defense
needs, they were footing the bill "to offset
Soviet weapon s that probably could not
have been built without our assistance."
During the previous decade, Senator
Arm strong noted, "the United States and
other Western nations have sold to the So-
viet Union and its satellites more than $50
billi on wo rth of so phis tica ted technical
equipment the communists could not pro-
duce themsel ve s. Thi s equipment ha s
been used to produce nuclear missiles,
tanks and armored cars, military com-
mand and control syste ms, spy satellites,
and air defen se radars."
On May 21, 1982, durin g an address to
the Foreign Policy Associ ati on in New
York , Secretary of Defen se Caspar Wein-
berger asserted that the U.S. had given the
Soviet Union "the rope with which to
hang us" by allowing it to acquire West-
ern technology on an "alarming sca le ."
Weinberger charged that "under the guise
of purch ases for beni gn , civ ilia n obje c-
tive s, the So viets have obtained a wide
range of equipment crucial to thei r mili-
tary program. " He specifically cited the
"s triking similarities" between the U.S .
Minutem an missile silo and its Soviet
count erp art, claiming that it "very likely
resulted from acquisition of U.S. docu -
ment s." In add ition, So viet ballistic-mi s-
sile sys te ms have sho wn " qualita tiv e
improvements that probably would not
have been achieved without . .. acqui si-
tions of balli stic-mi ssile guida nce and
control techn ology."
President Reagan had pledged to curb
strateg ic assistance to the Soviets, and
durin g a speech at the Herit age Founda-
tion on October 3, 1983 he touted as one
of hi s central achievements that " we
significantly slowed the transfer of valu-
able free world techn olo gy to the Soviet
Union ." But as columnist Willi am Safire
noted at th e time , " it was durin g the
Reagan admini stration that the floodgates
were opened" for the transfer of valuable
free -world technology to the Soviets.
Bankrolling Soviet "Reform ers"
Durin g the early yea rs of the Bush Ad-
ministration, billions of additional foreign
aid dollars were pumped into the Soviet
Unio n, and later into many of the "for-
mer" Soviet republi cs. Writ ing in the New
York Times for December 5, 1989, liberal
columnist A .M. Ro senthal not ed how
President Bush was committing "the po-
liti c al a nd eco no mic pow er of th e
United States to trying to maintain the rule
of th e Communist Part y in the Soviet
Union ." Following the supposed co llapse
of the USSR (see pag e 59 ), Mr. Bush
asked Con gress in early 1992 to boost the
U.S . commitment to the International
Monetary Fund (lMF) by $ 12 billion so
that the lendin g agen cy could assist Rus-
sia. The U.S. share of the IMF budget is
approx imately 20 percent.
Thi s same charade has continued under
the Clinton Admini stration. During this
ye ar's Ru ssian pre sidential ele ction, a
"bad" communist - "hardliner" Yevgen y
Zyuganov - was trotted out to make a
"refo rmed" Red - Boris Yeltsin - look
goo d by comparison. Thi s ploy gave the
Clint on Admini stration a pretext to pour
millions of U.S. tax dollars into Boris
Yelt sin ' s re-election effort, much of it via
the IMF .
For exa mple, on March 26th it was an-
noun ced tha t the IMF had approved a
three-ye ar, $ 10.2 billi on "loa n" to back
Yeltsin ' s economic reforms. As reported
by Bloomberg New s Servi ce , "Approval
of the loan is important for Yeltsin," since
he "needs the IMF money to ful fill his
ca mpa ig n pled ge to help pay worke rs
$4.35 bill ion in back wages at a tim e
when low tax collections leave the gov-
ernment short of cash. Russia' s treasury is
also pressed by the need to pay high inter-
est rates to attract buyers for its bond s."
Bloomberg also noted that the loan "has
enabled Yeltsin to make promi ses of in-
creased gove rnment spending to Russian
citi zens...."
Thu s, the grand charade continues as
W estern In siders sus ta in and support
Marxists in Ru ssia and thr oughout the
"former" Soviet Bloc . •
- R OBERT W. L EE
Extra Copies ot
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THE NE W AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 CONTROLLING THE DEBA TE

Phony Alternatives
eventeenth ce ntury Eng lish horse

S trader Thomas Hobson told poten-

tial customers they could exa mine
a ll the horses in his sta ble, bu t if they
w is hed to purc hase one , they had to
choose the horse in the stall nearest the
door. The term "Ho bso n's cho ice" thu s
became syno nymo us with no cho ice at all
- or the cho ice bet ween equa lly unap-
pealing alterna tives .
Most Americans are completely unaware
that th ey are being presented wi th the
equi valent of a " Hobso n's choice" in the
political realm . Here are some examples :
• Sh ould government redirect fo reign
aid giveaways from custo mary recip ients?
(The unexamin ed alterna tive is an end to
all foreig n aid.)
• Should the "for mer" Soviet republics
a nd sa te lli te nat io ns be give n seats in
NATO, or sho uld we preserve the alliance
j ust as it stands? (The ignored altern ative
is for the U.S. to withdraw fro m NAT O
and allow Europe to provide for its ow n
defen se.)
• Should Co ngress raise or lower farm
subs idies? Increase or maint ain curre nt
levels of aid to educa tion? Provide fund-
ing for food stam ps and other welfare pro-
gra ms directly or through block grants to
the sta tes? (The missin g al te rna tive in
eac h of these budgetary debates is the end
of fed er al int rusio n int o these and any
ot he r ac tivities no t authorized by the
Co nstitutio n.)
• Shoul d the Feder al Reserve raise or
lower interes t rates? Expand or contract
the money supply? Heat up or coo l down
the econo my? (Pro per alternatives are
based on a recog nition that no org aniza-
tion sho uld possess the po wer to deter-
mine the value of money and credit.)
• S hould th e United Nat ion s be re -
forme d? Sho uld UN Sec retary-General
Bout ros Bout ros-Gh ali be re-elected for
another five-year term? (How about co m-
plete U.S. withdrawa l fro m the UN?)
Arch Allies
Perh aps nothin g illu strates the " Ho b-
son's choice" principle better than presi-
dent ial po li tics, as illu st rat ed by this
yea r's cho ice of either Bill Clinto n or Bob
Dol e . Althou gh Dole pr op erl y derid es
Clinton and Dole: Presidential candidates offered little choice for voters.
President Clinton as a big-spen ding, tax-
raising, co unter-culture left ist, as Se nate
Maj ority Leader Dole was a fairly consis-
tent politica l ally of Mr. Clinto n. For ex-
ample, Dole provided inva luable help to
the Adm inistration in shepherding through
the Se na te the di sastr ou s NAF T A and
GATT treaties, and approval of the un-
co nstitutio nal Bosni a occ upatio n.
So me co nservatives may beli eve that
Dole is preferabl e to Bill Clinton because,
unlike the incumbe nt, he is not a mem ber
of the globalist Co uncil on Fore ign Rela-
tions. However, Insight magazine reported
earlier this year (without specifica lly men-
tion ing th e CF R) th at a Dol e Ca b ine t
wo uld prob abl y incl ude CFR me mbers
Jeane Kirkp atr ick, Co lin Powell , Dick
Cheney, Richar d Perle, Richard Burt, Paul
Wolfowitz, Robert Ellswo rth, and Paula
Dobrian sk y. Republi can foreig n poli cy
analyst Peter Rodm an (CF R) co nfidently
inform ed Insight that the "internatio nalist
. . . sen time nt wi ll be represe nted in the
next administration." To help ass ure this,
Republ ican commentators Willi am Kristol
and Robert Kagan rece ntly publ ished an
essay outlining "A Fore ign Policy for Can-
didate Dole" in the Jul y/Augu st issue of
the CFR journal Fo reign Affairs. Their rec-
ommendations bo iled down to an admoni-
tion that the GOP nominee esc hew the
" pi nc he d na ti on ali s m of . .. •A me rica
First' " and co mmit the party to pursuin g
"be nevolent global hegemony" through UN
and NAT O military missions - in short,
the same foreign policy pursued by both
the Dem ocratic Clinto n Admin istration
and the Republi can Bush Ad ministration.
Pattern of False Choices
Washingto n Post ombuds man Richard
Harwood , who describes the CF R as "the
nearest thi ng we have to a ruling estab-
lishm ent in the United States," has exa m-
ined the dominant influence of the New
York-b ased globalist cabal in America's
med ia orga ns. As Har wood observed in
the October 30, 1993 Washington Post:
In the past 15 years , [CFR] direc-
tors have included Hedley Donovan
of T ime Inc., Elizabeth Drew of the
New Yorker, Philip Geyelin of The
W ashin gt on Po st , Karen Elli ott
House of the Wall Street Journal , and
Strobe Ta lbo tt of Ti me magazi ne,
who is now President C linto n's am-
bassador at large in the Slavic world.
The editorial page edi tor, deput y edi-
tor ial page editor, exec utive ed itor,
managing ed itor, foreign editor, na-
tional affa irs editor, business and fi-
nan cial ed ito r and vario us writers

THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996 43

 as well as Kat herine Graham, the Shaping the Agenda Policy analys t Doug Bandow, a former
paper' s principal owner, represent In 1978, CFR President Winston Lord member of the CFR , is a visible and con-
The Washington Post in the council's stated that one of the CFR ' s key roles was sistent supporter of free market econom-
members hip . The exec utive editor, to "mirror and shape the national mood. " ics, sound constitutional government, and
managing editor and foreign editor The CFR ' s 1984 Annual Report reported U.S. disentanglement from NATO and the
of the New York Times are mem - CFR Chairman David Rocke feller' s de- UN. What was his perception of the CFR ?
bers, along with executives of such light about "the abilit y of the Coun cil to Bandow told THE NEWAMERICAN that he
other large newspapers as the Wall provide an even greater range and scope considers the CFR to be a "talking shop,
Street Journal and Los Angeles Times, of programming for its membership and an opportunity for me to hear debates
the weekl y newsmagazines, network the nation." In 1988, the CFR ' s current among policymakers that I wouldn't have
television execu tives and celebrities chairman, New York investment banker had access to otherwise." However, he ad-
- Dan Rather, Tom Brokaw and Peter G. Peterson, bluntly stated in the An- mitted that he had been quite out of place
Jim Lehrer, for example - and vari- nual Report that he wanted the CFR "to on the Council becau se of his preference
ous columni sts, among them Charles he lp define and illuminate the foreign for forbidden policy alternatives: "I sup-
Krauthammer, William Buck ley, policy agenda for the future ." A year later pose they can have a few people like me
George Will [a former CFR membe r] he announced that the CFR ' s "Board of on the Council from time to time , as long
and Jim Hoagland. Directors and the staff of the Council have as they don 't threaten to become a signifi-
decided that this instituti on should play a cant force."
While some - Rush Vete ran CFR member
Limbaugh being the most Paul H. Nitze offered an
notorious example -
Washington Post ombudsman Richard even more compellin g
might dismiss the prepon- glimpse of the organiza-
derance of CFR influence Harwood has described the CFR as tion ' s intern al workings
in the media as unimpor- whe n he ga ve the fea -
tant, Harwood reported
lithe nearest thing we have to a ruling
tured address at the open-
differently. "The mem- establishment in the United States." ing of a new CFR branch
ber ship of the se journal- offi ce in th e nation ' s
ists in the council, however capital in March 1990. He
they may think of them selves, is an ac- leadership role in defining these new for- began by payin g tribute to the "e no r-
knowledgement of their acti ve and impor- eign policy agenda," and should "help de- mou sly important New York business
tant role in public affairs and of their fine new and broader meanin gs to the and intellectual community" - meaning
ascension into the American ruling class," concept of national intere st." those CFR memb ers who reside in greater
Harwo od decl ared. "They do not merely In his 1993 " Lette r from the Chair- New York. Then, refe rring to the period
analyze and interpret foreign poli cy for man ," Peterson proudly pointed to the prior to World War II and beyond , he
the United States; they help make it... . many govern me nt po st s held by CFR stated:
They are part of that establishment whether members , and he joyfully noted that
they like it or not, sharing most of its val- "these appointments testify to the value of The State Department and Whit e
ues and world views." maintaining a pool of leaders thoroughly House might conduct diplomacy in
Harwood' s on-target analysis demon- informed about international issues and peace and raise and command armies
strates the fraudulence of the CFR ' s fre- prepared to assume the burdens of office . in war, but polic y was made by se-
quently stated disclaimer, found in each That task is one of the hallmarks of the riou s people , men with a longer
edition of the organization' s Annual Re- Council on Foreign Relations." view , i.e. the great men of finan ce
port, that the Council "takes no institu- In 1994, Peterson enthusiastically wrote: and their adv isers .... In the post-
tional position on issues of foreign policy; "Statesmen and pol iticians alike need a war yea rs, the Council has co nti n-
it is ho st to many view s, adv ocate of better informed public and better defined ued to represent an invaluabl e way
none ." To illustrate the influence of the national intere sts. Our infusion of talent for many of us Wa shingtonians to
CFR' s media cabal , Harwood pointed to and purpose enables us to respond to both tap the enormously important New
the Somalia debacle as "Exhibit A. Ameri- needs." And in 1995: "We mu st help York bu sin e ss a nd pr ofession al
can troop s are there ... because of a deci- spark and shape the debate about the new co mmunity.
sion by NBC to air a BBC film of starving foreign policy challenges and our country' s
Somalian children. It set off a chain reac- proper glob al role...." Nitze' s boast that this nation' s polic y
tion in the press and humanitarian concern All of these statements amount to ad- has been and is bein g set not by the
among the public, forcing the Bush ad- mission s, howe ver oblique, that the CFR elected and appointed represent atives of
ministration to intervene." Of course, such does play the role of advocate, and does the people, but by "serious people" who
a "chain reaction" easily occurs in .the promote specific positions on matters of ca n be found in and aro und CFR head-
CFR-dominated media, and the Bush Ad- public policy. quarters in New York demon strate s that it
ministration , larded as it was with CFR is a lie for the organization to claim that it
members and a lu m n i (inc lu d in g th e Presi- Inside ·I n f o r m a t i o n "takes no instituti onal position" and "is
dent himsel f) , was hardly " forced" to Occasionall y, a CFR member will de- host to many views, advoca te of none ." •
carry out the UN Somalia mission. sc ribe how the or gani zati on opera tes. - JOHN F. McM ANUS

44 THE NE W A MERICA N I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

 THE PRINCIPL.E OF REVERSAL.

Life in the "Brier Patch"

in charge of sec urity has been from the
Soviet bloc. Perhaps this is why they were
absent."
In 1954, a U.S. Departm ent of Defense
rep ort document ed that Soviet Gen eral
Yuri Vasilev, who had been stationed at
the UN as head of the world body' s Mili-
tary Staff Committee until January 1950,
had give n North Kore a the order to in-
vade. After Vasile v left the UN post to
presid e ove r the North Korean buildup,
leadership of the Milit ary Staff Commit-
tee was hand ed over to Soviet Gen eral
Ivan Skliaro. Thu s, throu gh the UN the
communist side was apprised of all strate-
gic and tactical decisions made by U.S.
comma nders before those designs were
carri ed out. By " letting" the UN Securit y
Counc il auth orize a wa r aga inst North
Korea , the Sov iets wer e able to prevent
effe ctive military action in the Korean
UN vote on Korea action: the USSR's delegation was conspicuously absent.
Peninsula, compromise American military
oel Chand ler Harris was not playing that the United Nations Security Council sec urity, and empower the pro-communist

J at military strategy when he wove his

famous "Uncle Remu s" stories, set in
the American South of the 1800s. But can
vote auth orizin g military action aga inst
North Korea was able to pass because of
the inexplic able abse nce of the Soviet del-
United Nations. Such were the rew ard s
for being thrown into the Korean "brier
patch ."
there be any doubt that Br' er Rabbit was ega te. In short, we are expected
practicing such tactics when he prevailed to believe that at the outbreak of
over his enemies by piteously imploring the Kor ean War , St alin ' s man
that the last thing he wished for was to besimply wasn 't on hand to protect
tossed into the brier patch - whe n that the interests of the Soviet surro -
was ju st what he wanted all the time? gate regime. However, the true
explanation for the Soviet "over-
Duplicity is a standar d element of both
military and political strategy . Does Har-sight" can be found in the fac t
ris' exampl e of homespun wisdom bring th at with the UN in charge of
with it a point for modern politic s? We be-South Korea' s defen se, the Reds
lieve so. In matt ers of warfare, winning wound up "fighting" a commu-
stratagems do not always include a direct nist-riddl ed UN organization that
attack. Th ings are not alw ays what they was opposed to a Free World
app ear , whi ch is wh y fl ank in g move- victory.
ment s, hidin g one's tracks, ambuscades , Marine Gen er al Le wis Walt
treachery, and booby traps have long been pointed out in Th e El ev enth
Hou r: "The Soviet Union help ed
basics to militar y success . In principl e, the
same is true of polit ics. plan the North Korean invasion
and certainly knew not only the
Misdirection and Du plicity day but the hour the attack was
It ca n be mi sl ead ing to guess at an to take place. If it was absent, it
enemy' s eventual goal by looking where w as abs e nt on purp o se . Th e
he is at a given time. The "dialectic" of ch arter provid es that all peace-
communists, for instance , is exemplified keepin g forces sha ll be under
in the title of Lenin ' s work Two Steps th e dir ecti on of th e secretary-
F orward, On e Step B a c k . The Kore an general and his staff. As I men -
War offers a remarkable example of this tioned earlier, from 1945 until U.S. war dead in Korea: Soviets opposed to
proc ess. "Mainstream" hi stori ans insist the present , the und er-secretary Free World victory directed UN police acti on.

THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMB ER 16, 1996 45

Deceptive Appearances
Similar dialectical duplicity has been
used by socialists in this country to im-
pose the income tax, a centralized banking
system , and various centralized regulatory
agencies . Such socialist advances have
been achieved domes tically by fooling the
masses in to believing th at statist "re-
forms" would protect them from the evils
of big business - even though big busi-
ness desired the "reforms" in the first
place. By propagandizing the public into
believing that big business opposed the
"reforms," it became much easier to pass
legislation that would otherwise have
been flatly rejected by the public.
The year 1913 was pivotal for the U.S.,
as it brou gh t ra tificatio n of the 16t h
Amendme nt authorizi ng a tax on income,
and the creation of the Federal Reserve
with centralized banking - two of the ten
planks in the Communis t Manifesto cru-
cial for comm unizing a nation (see page
27). But the masses were told by their
"populist champions" that the income tax
would "soak the rich." Propaganda in that
vein was a driving force . Below the sur-
face, things were not what they appeared
to the casual observer. As New York
Representative Bourke Cockran put it in
1894: "I know that [Jay] Gould in an in-
terview favored it, and I am told .. . that
Mr. [Andrew] Carnegie favors it." Yes,
they wanted to be thrown into that brier
patch. Just as many of the richest contem-
porary folks, wrote Frank Chodorov in
The Income Tax : Root of all Evil,
mouth "communistic phrases in or-
der to appea r 'advanced,' so in the
early part of the century some of the
wealthy ass umed a ' de mocratic'
pose and spoke nice words about in-
come taxation."
There were other interesting sub
rosa developments. Consider the
corporate income tax. This was
passed in 1909 under pressure from
one of Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller' s
forebears, Rhode Isl and Senator
Nelson Aldrich, whose public posi-
tion was that "I shall vote for a cor-
poration tax as a means to defeat the
income tax." So the corpora tion tax
was enacted. But the states contin ued
to ratify the amend ment authorizing
an income tax. Before long, taxpay -
ers discovered that they had the
worst of both worlds . In Th e Ri ch
and the Super-Rich, Ferdinand Lund-
berg pointed out that the income tax,
46
when it arrived, "was a siphon gradually
inserted into the pocketbooks of the gen-
eral public. Imposed to popu lar huzzas as
a class tax, the income tax was gradually
turned into a mass tax...."
While the masses in whose name the
new taxes had been imposed were groan -
ing benea th their new burdens, the super-
ric h establis hed tax- free fo undations
(mos t notably Carneg ie and Rockefeller),
whic h provided them with havens for
wea lth and from which they could con-
tinue to direct redistributionism for others.
For those who were not among the shel-
tered, all the class warfare proved was that
when you dig a ditch for your neighbor to
fall into, you are apt to tumb le in yourself
- especially if powerful Insiders behind
the scenes planned it that way from the
beginnin g.
Federal Reserve Scam
Since at least the early 1800s, Ameri-
cans have had a proper suspic ion of cen-
tral banking. President Andrew Jackson
called the Bank of the United States a con-
spiracy against the people, and he pulled
out the teeth of that beast. But powerful
advocates of central banking remained ea-
ger to create a new ba nki ng car tel; the
prob lem was finding so me way to ma-
nipulate the public into accep ting a new
central bank . Accordingly, banking elites
adopted a cunning strategy: They would
inflame public opposition to the "Money
Trust " - and then create a new banking
Banking elites devised Federal Reserve scam to gain control of nation's currency.
carte l, the Federal Reserve System, to
"protect" the economy against the vagar-
ies wrought by the "Money Trust."
The Federal Reserve plan was put to-
gether at Jekyll Island, Georgia in 19 10 -
with the intention of creating legislation
that would not be identified as being Wall
Street's bill. B.c. Forbes, founder of the
magazi ne that bears his name, was only
slightly melodramatic when he descr ibed
the scene : "Picture a party of the nation ' s
greatest bankers steali ng out of New York
on a private railroad car under cover of
darkness, stealthily hieing hundreds of
miles south , embarking on a mysterious
launch, sneaking onto an island deserted
by all but a few servants, living there for
a full week under such rigid secrecy that
the names of not one of them was men-
tioned lest the serva nts learn the identit y
and disc lose to the world this strangest
most secret expedition in the history of
American finance."
Some of the reformers who fostered
di strust of Wall Street found their re-
forms hijacked by those same Wall Street
interests. As Professor Gabriel Ko lko
wrote in The Triumph of Conservatism,
the influ ential bankers "managed their
own regulation, and under the aegis of the
federa l government.... Until passage of the
Federa l Reserve Act the relative power of
New York was dec lining...." However, af-
ter enactment, Insider domination became
even stronger. In 1914, when the decep-
tion had been consummated and it was
THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 possibl e for th e con spirat or s to spea k businessmen , filled with the ar istocratic " prog ressives." As a result , wrote Lasch ,
more ope nly, Aldrich decl ared with so me spirit of noblesse oblige, whose see mingly "Many progressives belie ved in the exist-
sa tisfactio n that "b efore the passage of qu asi-suicid al activiti es and programs are ence of an 'i nvisi ble government,' if not
this Act the New York bank ers co uld only performed in the noble spirit of sacrifice in a con spiracy; and there was plenty of
dom inate the reser ves of New York. Now for the good of humanity." ev idence to bear them out." Lasch point ed
we are able to dominate the bank reserves Roth bard observed that a skeptic, or to Woodrow Wi lson 's "a lter ego," Ed-
of the entire country." Congressman Charles one who looks for other moti vation s, is ward Mandell Hou se, as the embodiment
Lindbergh Sr. , who saw throu gh the de- "quickly and brusqu ely dismi ssed as an of that "invisible government" that wed-
ception prior to enactment, had warne d 'e xtre mis t' . . . a malc ontent, and most ded monopoly capitali sts with socialists in
Congress: "This act establishes the most damning of all, a ' believ er in the co n- pursuit of total power.
giga ntic trust on ea rth.... When the Presi- spiracy theory of histo ry.' Th e que stion House' s utopian nove l, Philip Dru: Ad-
dent signs this act the invisible govern- here, how ever, is not some sort of ' theory ministrator, discu sses at length the use of
ment by the money power, proven to ex ist of histo ry,' but a willingness to use one ' s "brier patc h" deceptio ns - for instance,
by the Money Trust investi gation, will be common se nse." Common sense would se lling the public on the idea that "pro-
legalized. " His warning went unheeded. dictate that incre ased federal regul ations gress ive" monopolists would use politi cal
Even non-conspir atorial interpretations help preser ve the interests of established control ove r the eco nomy to "redeem the
of the Fed' s origi ns, such as Ron Cher- business by raising the market entry price sins of their ance stors," rather than to en-
now' s study The House of Morgan , ac- of newer comp etit ors. Thi s is one reason rich them selves.
knowledge that banking interests profit ed th at the contemporary en vironmental Even when "brier patch" campaigns have
from the system that was been uns uccessful a nd
supposedly int ended to partial str ategic retreat s
co nta in their po wers . nec essar y, the soc ialis ts
Chern ow notes that "th e UCThe Federal Reserve Act] establishes ha ve been abl e to gai n
House of Morgan moved the most gigantic trust on earth.... so me ground by breakin g
so artfully to form an alli- the initial resistance and
ance with the Federal Re- When the President signs this act setting crucial precedents.
serve Bank of New York
that for the next twenty
the invisible government by the money Phi lip Cra ne, before be-
coming an Illinoi s con-
yea rs it would actua lly power, proven to exist by the Money gr essman , wrote in The
ga in power from the new Dem oc rat s ' Dilemm a
fina nc ia l syste m." Wh y
Trust investigation, w ill be le ga lize d."
abo ut how the Fabian So-
should this be a surprise? ciali sts in England played
With the Federal Reserve "Brer Rabbit" by pub-
Act, notes Rousas Rushdoony in The Na- move ment , which supports draconian licly opposi ng an early vers ion of social-
ture of the Am erican System , "the ver y regulation of all productive human act iv- ized medici ne becau se it was not exten sive
evils criticized were quickly enthroned so ity, is so lavishly fund ed by corporation s e no ugh . Yet after the measure pa ssed ,
that it could be said, 'B ankin g, as it is con - and their foundation fro nts. Fabi an s fi lied the rank s of its imple-
ducted toda y, is actually a conspiracy op- So it we nt with big business interes ts menters, The Fabian Society' s approach
erating again st society." that suppor ted "Progressive Era" legisla- was one of "patient gradualism" - using
tion . As Profe ssor Robert Higgs recalls in lures , mi sdirection , and " brie r patch"
Regulatory Legerdemain Crisis and Levia than , "The bi g meat- ploys to entice and beg uile the English
As bankers used "brier patc h" tactic s to packers who pushed for the Meat Protec - into adopting soc ialism piecemeal. Simi -
get the power to cre ate a monopoly , so tion Act, the shippers who fou ght for lar tactic s have been used by Fabian-style
business mon opolists have manipulated amendments to the Interstate Commerce subversives in this country to create the
the regulatory process. Th e late Dr. Mur- Act , the prop onents of tru stbu stin g and entire supers truc ture of Ne w Deal a nd
ray Rothbard examined the "corporate lib- the trade commissio n and the income -tax Gre at Society socialism.
er al " posturing tha t characteri zed th e amendment - all shared a willingness, It assuredly is easier to run the show
Prog ressive Era. "If these policies are de- ofte n an eagerness, to expand the scope of when yo u con trol both sides of the debate.
signed to tam e and curb rapacious Big effective governmental contro l over eco- That occ urred when the war agai nst busi-
Business," Rothbard pointedly inquired , nomic decision-making." ness monopol ies was fought with proffered
"how is it that so many Big Busine ssmen, weap ons that con sisted of gre ater conc en-
so man y Morgan partners and Rocke- Invisible Government tration of governm ent power. Yet many of
feller s and Harrim ans, have been so co n- Some on the left , though supportive of the same folks who ca n see through a pro-
spicuous in prom ot ing these program s?" the wrong solutions, have recog nized the fess ional wrestling match refuse to co n-
Part of the reaso n is simple pub lic rela- " brier patch" gamb it at work. The late sider that in rea l life a "straw ma n" or
tions: By supporting regu latory curb s on Chri stopher Lasch , in his book The New phony enemy position may be establi shed
busine ss "ra pacity," big business could Radicalism in America, 1889-1963, docu - simply to be knocked down or to draw
"persuade the public with little difficult y" mented the fashion in which J.P . Morg an fire. In such a case, the reacti on would be
that it was, wrote Rothb ard, the dom ain of interests effectively seized co ntro l of their exac tly what the co nspirators desire . •
"e nlig hte ned, ed uc ated, public -spi rited suppose d arc he ne m ies, th e so c ia lis t - WILLI A M P. H OA R

THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEM B ER 16, 1996 47

 PRETEXTS FOR CONTROL
Creating Global Crises
mericans have enjoyed the bless -
A ings of liberty for ce nturies and
have remai ned, even in the pres-
e nt age of foreign adven turism and the
we lfare sta te, largely patriotic and self-re-
liant. How could the arc hitects of the new
world order hope to pers uade Americans
to surre nder their hard-won birthrig ht of
freedom and national sovereignty? As we
shall see , since the end of World War II
the Insiders have employe d a highl y suc-
cessful strategy for ac compli shing th is
radical transformation , and that is to offe r
a frigh tenin g set of false alternati ves that
will suppose d ly determin e the surv iva l or
destru cti on of man and ea rth. But wh at
co uld be so horrific as to threaten the en-
tire plan et ? T he "unth ink abl e" choices
have included the threat of anni hilation by
way of a nuclear holocaust and environ-
ment al ca tas trop he.
Fear of Nuclear Holocaust
Fa ntastic ? No t when you review the
historical record, or read the writings of
the new worl d order arc hitects . Co nsider ,
for instance , A Wor ld Effectively Con -
trolled by the United Nation s (1962) .
whic h was written by MIT Professor Lin-
co ln P. Bloom field (CF R) under a co n-
tract (No . SCC 28270) with the U.S. State
Department. Not intended for the publ ic at
large. this gove rnme nt-financed study was
amazi ng ly ca nd id. Th er ein Bloomfield
explained that the conte mplat ed global re-
gime "will occasionally be referred to un-
blushingly as a 'world gove rnme nt' " and
that the noti on of wo rld govern me nt is
" the ba sis in rece nt Am eri can poli cy ."
Yet , the CF R lum inary acknow ledge d,
there is the question of whether the Ameri-
ca n peopl e and their elec ted rep resent a-
tives wo uld accept such a view :
[W]o uld the United Sta tes itself
serious ly co nsi der disban ding its
own armaments and abrogating to an
intern ational authori ty beyond its di-
rect co ntrol the aut hority and the
power to do those th ings whic h in
mod ern history ha ve been the pre-
roga tive of the nation ? It is not sim -
ply a question of goo d fai th by the
po licy -make rs . Would th e Uni te d
THE NE W A MERI CA N / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
For yea rs " The Bom b" was ci ted as
reason f or need of gl obal gov ernment.
States Senate ratify such a scheme?...
T he quick answers to these ques-
tions , so put, ten d to be negative.
Ho w th e n to bring abo ut "a sudde n
transformation in national attitudes " ? One
scenario cited by Bloomfield is "a crisis.
a war , or a brink-of-war situa tion so grave
or co mmo nly menaci ng that deeply-rooted
att itudes and pra ct ices are suffic iently
shaken to open the possibility of a revo lu-
tion in world politica l arrangements ."
At the time Bloom field penn ed the se
wor ds, the "crisis" that ca me c losest to
providing a pretext for wo rld gove rn me nt
was the threat of nuclear war. According
to the internationalis t line of reasoning,
nu cl e ar war is unth in kabl e bec au se it
wo uld mean the dest ruction of the planet,
and the only way to prevent nuclear an ni-
hilatio n is to disarm all nations and place
them under an international " peacekeep-
ing " authority . As expressed by ban ker
James P. Warburg (CFR) in his book The
West in Crisis ( 1959):
[Sjince war now means the ex tinc-
tion of civi lization, a world which
fails to establish the rule of law over
the nat ion -st ates ca nnot lon g co n-
tinue to exis t.
We are living in a perilous period
of transition from the era of the fully
sovereign nation-state to the era of
world gove rn ment.
Exa mples abo und of this kind of think-
ing during the Co ld War per iod. Senator
J. W . Fulbrig ht sta te d in hi s book Old
Myths and New Realities (1964): " [T[he
concept of nat io nal sovere ignty has be-
come in our time a pri nciple of interna-
tio nal a na rc hy .... Our surviva l in thi s
ce ntury may well turn ou t to depend upon
whether we succe ed in transferri ng at least
some sma ll part of our feeli ngs of loyalty
and responsibi lity from the sovereign na-
tion to so me large politi cal comm unity."
And in a speec h to the United Nations
on Sept ember 25, 1961 , Presid en t Ken-
nedy warned: "U nco nditional wa r ca n no
longer lead to un co ndi tio na I victory ....
Mank ind must put an end to war or war
will put an end to man kind ." On that very
day the President forma lly submitted the
U.S. St ate Departmen t document Free-
dom From War to the UN. Th at docum ent
ca lled for a disarmed worl d in which " no
state wo uld have the milit ary po wer to
challe nge the progressi vely strengthened
U.N. Peace Force ."
Of cou rse, in the post-Cold War era this
argument for wor ld governme nt does not
carry the same force it once did . Bloom -
field reco gnized this very pro blem whe n
he state d in A Wor ld Effectively Con -
troll ed by the United Nations : " [Ilf the
communist dynamic wer e greatly abat ed .
the West might well lose whatever incen-
tive it has for world gove rnme nt." As re-
lation s between East and West wa rmed in
prep ar ation for a merger , other "crises"
would obviously be needed to co mplete the
revoluti onary transform ation. But what?
The Green Crisis
One answer to that question was pro-
vide d in a 1967 boo k entitl ed Report
From Iron Mountain on the Possibility &
Desirability of Peace.* According to the
original Dial Press edition. the report is a
leaked gove rn men t study produ ced by a
* A new edition of Report From Iron Mountain is in
print. See the inside front cover.
49
 special brain trust of 15 Insid ers who met
at a sec ret fac ility at Iron Mountain, New
York. Th eir daunt ing tas k was to come up
with a substitute for war that would pro-
vide the same "stabilizing" function . "No
modern politic al ruling group has success-
fully co ntrolled its constituency," the re-
port claim ed, "after failing to sustain the
co ntinuing cred ibility of an externa l threat
of war."
And so Report From /ron Mountain ex-
am ined a number of possibl e "a lterna te
enemies" which might be used as a sub-
stitute fo r war during a tim e of peace.
Such an ene my "must j ustify the need for
taking and pay ing a ' blood price' in wide
areas of huma n concern ." Based on this
cr iterio n, mos t of the possible "a lternate
e ne mies " we re deem ed "i ns uffic ie nt."
How ever: "One except ion might be the
env iro nme nta l-po ll utio n model , if th e
danger to socie ty it posed was genuinely
imm ine nt. The fict ive mod e ls wo uld
have to carry the weight of ext raordinary
co nvic tion, underscored with a not incon-
siderable actual sac rifice of life...." If suc-
cess ful, " It may be . . . that gross polluti on
of the env ironment ca n eventually replace
the possib ilit y of mass destructi on by
nuclear wea pons as the principal appare nt
threat to the survival of the spec ies." Th e
report even speculated that pollution might
be selectively increased so as to "make the
threat credible much sooner" or that an
"alternate enemy" might be " invented."
The public has since been told that Re-
port From Iron Mountain is not rea lly a
governme nt report at all but merely po-
litica l sa tire. Leon ard C. Le win , who
wrote the book's introduction in 1967 and
claimed therein that the report was leaked
to him by "Jo hn Doe," let us in on thi s
little secret in 1972, claiming that he him -
self had writte n the report. By that time
the book had already appeare d on the New
York Times list of nonfiction bestsellers.
However, no less than Harvard Pro fes-
sor John Kenn eth Galb raith (CFR), in a
book review app earin g in the Novemb er
26, 1967 Washington Post, attes ted to the
authenticity of the repo rt. Writing under
the pseudonym "Herschel McLand ress,"
Galbrai th explained: "As to the authentic-
ity of the docum ent, it happens that this
reviewer ca n speak to the full extent of his
personal authority and credibility.... I was
asked to attend a mee ting ... to discuss a
project of high national influence at Iron
Mountain in upstate New y ork.... I was
forced to decline . I was then instructed
50
to keep the invitatio n stric tly co nfide n-
tial. On two subsequen t occasions I was
con sulted ...."
Galb raith added: "As I would put my
personal reput e behind the authenticity of
this document , so I wo uld testify to the
validi ty of its co nclus ions. My reserva-
tions relate only to the wisdom of releas-
in g it to a n o bv io us ly un conditi on ed
pub lic." Ah, but Galbra ith must have used
the pen name "Hersche l McL andress" be-
cause he too was engag ing in brilli ant sat-
ire ! But to what end ? Wh y mislead the
" unwas hed"? Did cert ain Insiders (Lewin
and his one-world comrades) feel a co m-
pelling need to put their designs in print?
Inside r Game Plan
Regardle ss of intent, there is no doubt
that the report' s conclusions fit the Insider
game plan . Th at game plan has been re-
ve ale d tim e a nd agai n by the In sider s
themselves . In Nove mber 19 89 , CFR
"wise man" George F. Kenn an stated in
the Washington Post: " [T[he grea t ene my
is not the Soviet Union , but the rapid de-
ter ioration of our plan et as a supporting
struc ture for c iv ilized life ." In March
1990, Michael Oppenheimer (CFR) warned
in an op inio n co lumn in the New York
Times: "As the cold war recedes, the en-
vironment is beco ming the No. 1 interna -
tio nal security co nce rn." And in 1991 ,
Worldwatch Institute head Lester Brown
(CF R) predi cted in his annual State of the
Wor ld doom sday rep o rt, "The battl e to
save the planet will rep lace the battle over
ideology as the orga nizing theme of the
new worl d order. "
Indeed it has. On May 6, 1992, "former"
communist Mikhail Gorbache v, who sup-
posedl y help ed end the threat of nucl ear
war bet we en the U. S. and th e USS R,
warned about this new ene my: "T he pros-
pect of catastro phic climatic cha nges ,
more frequent dro ughts, floo ds, hun ger,
epide mics, national -ethnic conflicts, and
other similar catas trophes comp els gov -
ernment s to adopt a world perspecti ve and
see k generally applicable solutions." He
then made clear that wha t was needed was
"some kind of global government."
Not surpr ising ly, G orbach ev has re-
cei ved the Es tablishme nt 's blessin g for
his gree n agend a. He was invited to be-
com e chairman of a new environmental
group - Green Cross International. More-
ove r, New York Times senior co lumnist
Flora Lewis (CF R) has praised the com-
munist-turned-enviro nmentalist for going
"beyond accepted notions of the limits of
nationa l sovereignty and rules of behav-
ior" and for his "plan for a globa l code of
environmental co nduct" that "would have
an aspect of world gove rnment, becau se it
wo uld pr o vide for the World Court to
judge states." Lewis gushed that "it is fit-
ting that the enviro nment be the topic for
what amo unts to global policing.... Eve n
starti ng the effort would be a giant step for
international law."
A step in that direct ion was taken at the
1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro with
the adoption of a comprehensive plan on
" sustainable devel o pm ent" intende d to
g uide the policies of national govern-
ments. Known as Agenda 2/, the 700-plus
page plan proposes, in the words of envi-
ronmental-activis t attorney Daniel Sit arz,
"an array of actions which are intended
to be implem ent ed by every per son on
Ear th.... It calls for speci fic changes in the
activities of all people." Impl ementation
of this gra ndiose scheme, says Sitarz ap-
provingly, "wi ll req uire a profound reori-
e nta tion of all human socie ty, unlike
anything the world has ever exp erienced
- a major shift in the priorities of both
governme nts and individuals and an un-
precedented redeployment of human and
financ ial resources." Sita rz is not misrep-
rese nting Agenda 2 / ; these words ap-
peared in an abridged edit ion of the treaty
entitled AGENDA 2/: The Earth Summit
Strategy to Save Our Planet that was en-
thusiastically endorsed by Earth Sum mit
Secretary-General Maurice Strong.
In an earlier 199 1 UNCED (Earth Sum-
mit) report, Strong left no doubt about the
kind of vision he and other custodia ns of
the international green gesta po have: " It
is cl ear that current lifestyles and co n-
sumption pattern s of the affluent middl e-
cl as s .. . invo lv ing h igh meat intake,
co nsumption of large amo unts of frozen
and 'convenience' foods, ownership of
motor-ve hicles, numerous electri c house-
hold appl ian ces, hom e and workplace
ai r-c onditioning ... ex pansive suburba n
housing .. . are not sustainable."
In spi te of all of the propaganda to the
cont rary, there is no global env iro nmental
"crisis" that req uires any such sacrifices.
But that fact does not deter the Insiders
who are bent on shackling the planet and
its inhabitants. The threat of environmen-
tal devastation , like the threat of nucle ar
war, prov ides them with a powe rful pro-
pagand a too l for world government. •
- GARY B ENOIT
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 ACTION AND REACTION
From Ancient Rome to OKC
ro m antiquity to modern times, his-
F
tory is replete with examples of
ruthless and corrupt politicians who
have shamelessly exploited and manipu-
lated tragic events and the criminal acts of
a few to advance their own lust for power.
In cases too numerous to mention , tyrant s
and aspiring despots have gone even fur-
ther, engaging agents provocateurs to carry
out assassinations, foment riots and rebel-
lion, precipitate financi al panics, attempt
palace coup s, feign foreign invasion, ini-
tiate acts of terrorism, and perform other
infamous acts - all for the purpo se of es-
tablishing a mass psychology of fear , a
sense of "cri sis," of imminent danger re-
quiring the government to suspend normal
liberties and seize vast new powers to deal
with the "emergency." History records
that far too often these "temporary" as-
sumptions of power have given way to
permanent brutal oppression, and to terror
and mass murder by the saviors who
promised deliverance from the "crisis."
Yes, as all would-be dictators know , the
action is in the reaction . And as Jame s
Madison ob served, " the people never
give up their freedom except under some
delusion."
Considering the current gadarene stam-
pede into dictatorship by the American
public as a result of the demagogic exploi -
tation of the recent wave of terrorist acts,
we would do well to reflect on a few rel-
evant historic al precedents. A calm con-
sideration of our present situation in the
context of previous human experience
may help us avoid delusional flights into
bondage and the pessimistic predictions
that we "are doomed to repeat " the tragic
mistakes of the past.
Ene m ie s of Mankind
On July 19, AD 64, a terrible fire be-
gan near Rome 's Circus Maximus, and
when the fierce conflagration ended days
later, most of the great city lay in ashe s.
Whether or not the fire was actually
started by the Emperor Nero , as many
have maintained over the centuries, there
is no question that the Christians were un-
justly blamed for the disa ster. Although
holding all members of the new sect re-
sponsible for the blaze would have too
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
greatly stretched credulity, the
megalomaniacal potentate none-
thele ss found a pretext for con-
demning them en ma ss e by
claiming that the followers of
Chri st were "enemies of man-
kind ." Tacitus record s that the
Christians "were convicted, not
so much on the charge of burning
the city, as of hating the human
race ." Tacitus also records the in-
credibly cruel tortures and deaths
to which the se innocent scape-
goats were subjected.
In England, controversy ha s
raged over the infamou s Gun -
powder Plot for nearly 400 years.
When Guy Fawkes was arrested
on November 5, 1605 with bar-
rels of gunpowder in a tunne l un-
der the House of Lords , it seemed
apparent that a conspiracy of Hitler capitalized on the Reichstag fire
Catholics against the government to gain control of German government.
had been thwarted. Some historians, how- was set by a communist saboteur or by a
ever, have argued (some more, some less Nazi agent pro vocateur , it is beyond de-
persuasively) that the evidence points in- bate that the Nazis capitalized on the
stead to a plot by Robert Cecil, the Earl of event with a vengeance. Insisting that the .
Salisbury , against the Catholics. The hand Reichstag fire prefigured a communist on-
of Salisbury, the most powerful political slaught against the German state , Hitler
figure in England under Elizabeth I and persuaded President Hindenburg to sign
Jame s I, is seen also, say some scholars, an emergency decree "for the Protection
in the Babington Plot and Squire's Plot, of the People and the State," suspending
which preceded the Gunpowder Plot and constitutional liberties and allowing the
fed the growing anti -Catholic fervor. The state to exerci se extraordinary powers in
recent publication of book s by two histo- the name of "public safety." The death
rians arguing opposite sides of this contro- sentence was expanded to cover a number
ver sy will not settle this aspect of the of crime s. Sound familiar?
dispute, but there is a consensus among As a remedy for the supposed "crisis"
many scholars of the period that Sali s- facing Germany, Hitler proposed a pro-
bury ' s forces, at the very least, ruthle ssly gram of Gleichschaltun g (coordination)
exploited and exaggerated the plot s to through which the central government
launch a new wave of brutal persecution would absorb the power and political
and to provide a pretext for confi scation functions of the German states. On March
of mona stic lands. 23, 1933, the Reichstag, succumbing to
the Nazi s ' conspiratorial maneuvers,
St a ged Provocations passed the "Enabling Act," which made
Hitler' s rise and reign in Germany pro- the central government responsible for
vide many examples both of the use of all law enforcement and conferred on
agents provocateurs and the opportunistic Hitler' s cabinet exclusive legislative pow-
exploitation of event s to further evil ob- ers for four years. This one act provided
jectives. Of these, the Reichstag fire of the lega l basis for the transformation of
February 27, 1933 is easily the most fa- Hitler from chancellor to dictator. It did
mous example. Although it has never not take long to pro ve how empty and
been definitively settled whether the fire completely di singenuous were Hitler's
51
 promises that "the government will make Stalin's best comrade-in-arms and friend .' conspiracy! Even after terrorism expert
use of these powers only insofar as they Stalin was shown in the honor guard , with Claire Sterling 's masterfully detailed
are essential for carrying out vitally nec- Kirov in old photos , and as the first expose, The Time of the Assassins , un-
essary measures ." mourner at the Red Square funeral." equivocally demonstrated (and was later
Following close on the heels of the But Kirov 's murder in December 1934 backed up by the Italian judiciary investi-
Reichstag fire came the "Night of the served a design much larger than the mere gators) that Agca was a paid Soviet assas-
Long Knives" of June 30, 1934, an assas- elimination of a single competitor. Tucker sin, the U.S. State Department, the White
sination blitzkrieg in which Hitler wiped writes: "For the conspirator from above, House, the CIA, and the Western press
out his old friend Erns t Roehm and the the prime purpose of Kirov's murder was largely ignored the indispu table evidence.
top leadership of the brownshirted SA. to make possible an official finding that That evide nce showed beyond a shadow
Roehm and his Storm Troopers had be- Soviet Russia was beset by a conspiracy of a doub t that the Soviet KGB, operating
come troublesome competitors and through the secret police of its com-
had to be eliminated, but a plausible munist proxy regime in Bulgaria and
pretext for the purge was needed. No the Turkish Mafia (which was head-
problem: A coup "plot" by Roehm quartered in Bulgaria), had spru ng
was fabricated which served the addi- Agca from a Turkish jail , trained him,
tional purpose of providing further provided him with weapons and false
justification for legalized government travel documents, and fabricated a
terror. Hi tler ' s one -paragraph law false "right-wing" identity for him be-
read: "The measures taken on June 30 fore the assassination attempt.
and July 1 and 2 to strike dow n the Although the plot to kill the Pope
treaso nous attacks are justifiable acts failed, the secondary objective, to pro-
of self-defense by the state." Many voke a widespread public reaction
more equally fraudulent "justifiable against "right-wing terrorism" and re-
acts of self-defense" would follow. ligious "fundamentalism," worked
On November 7, 1938, a Jewish marvelously - worked because the
refugee from Germany, Herschel Gryn- ~ Soviet agents, dupes, and sympathiz-
szpan, shot and killed a German dip- ~rg ers in the West could count on the rul-
lomat in Paris. This was exactly the s ing elites in our government and the
incident the Nazi regime needed to ~ media to cover up the Kremlin's role
fully unleash its attack on the Jews. On ;!i in this heinous act.
the night of November 9, 1938, Nazi- Would·be papal assassin Mehmet Ali Agca: Throughout the 1950s, '60s, '70s,
orchestrated mobs "spontaneously" ri- Plot exposed as Soviet KGB conspiracy.
and '80s, Germany was plagued by re-
oted in retaliation , destroying Jewish that had done away with Kirov as part of curring rashes of anti-Jewish vandalism
shops and synagogues, beating and killing a larger plan of terrorist action against the and neo-Nazi activities: desecrated Jewish
Jewish residents. It is remembered as the regime ." Thus Stalin had his excuse to be- cemeteries, swastikas painted on syna-
"Night of Shattered Glass," or Krystall- gin the Great Purge , which, ultimately, gogues, and threatening calls and letters to
nacht, and thereafter all opponents of the would claim millions of victims. Jewish leaders. In a number of important
Nazis would be demonized as Jewish sym- Stalin had already arranged to have cases , when the perpetrators were caught
pathizers and related "criminal elements. " issued, a month before the murder, a stat- they turned out not to be neo-Nazis after
ute empoweri ng the newly created Special all, but Soviet agents provocateurs. Soviet
Stalin's Purge Board (hea ded by Sta lin) to pass admi n- defectors, likewise, have repeatedly con-
Stalin, who had studied closely Hitler' s istrative sentence on "persons deemed firmed the importance that the Soviet strat-
purge of Roehm, had his own "night of socially dangerous ." No definition of "so - egists place on provocations of this sort
the long knives" - with a twist. His one- cially dangerous " was given, allowing for aimed at manipulating public emotions and
time friend and trusted aide, Sergei Kirov, the widest possible "discretion" in the ex- eliciting hatred not only for the neo-Nazis,
had become a potential rival for Commu- ercise of this formidable power. but primarily for the conservatives, Chris-
nist Party leadership and had to be elimi- tian s, and anti-communists whom they
nated . Stalin, the ultimate "conspirator Plot Against the Pope falsely lump together with the Hitlerites
from above," arranged for Kirov's assas- When Pope John Paul II was shot and under the expedient "right-wing" label.
sination, with the murder to be blamed on very nearly killed in St. Peter's Square on
the Zinoviev faction . Under Stalin's direc- May 13, 198 1, it was instantly hai led Rabin Assassination
tion, follow ing the assassi nation, writes worldwide as the work of a lone fanatic, The assassination of Israeli Prime Min-
Robert Tucker in Stalin in Power, "t he even though Italian authorities revealed ister Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995
floodgates of official adulatio n for Kirov iron-clad evidence of a larger conspiracy. provided another glorious opportunity for
opened wide. He was the 'Soviet people 's When U.S . mediameisters and officials global "right-wing" demonizing. The al-
favorite ' and 'our Kirov.' " Tucker re- were finally forced to concede the obvious, leged gunman, Yigal Amir , was said to
cords that "the instant Kirov cult was they insisted that, yes, Mehmet Ali Agca be a "fanatic Jewish fundamentalist ."
blended into the Stalin cult, which took on was indeed part of a conspiracy - a right- What's more, we were told repeatedly, he
added lustre. Kirov became 'Comrade wing, Turkish, Islamic fundamentalist was part of a conspiracy of "religious ex-

52 THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

tremists" - a conspiracy so nefar ious and
immense, mind you, that it had achieved
meteoro logical significance, creating a
"climate of hate " and an "atmosphere of
violence." According to Time maga zine ,
Rab in ' s opponents had created climato-
logic ally "the equiv alent of the right-wing
milieu that led to the Oklahoma City
bombing." In fact, said Time, even if Amir
had acted alone , "he had many ideational
conspirators. " (Emphasis added.)
Yes, the Insider opinion cartel was only
too willin g to howl "conspiracy" when it
served their tran sparent purpose s. But
when it came out that Amir was actuall y
an agent of Israel' s General Securit y Ser-
vice (also known as Shin Bet), and that he
had inexplicably been allowed through the
security perimeter , Amir beg an to look
mor e lik e a classic agent pro vacat eur. Okla homa bomb ing: Aftermath of federal cover-up and attacks on conservatives.
Th at perception only deepened when a mating the kind of vicious and thorou ghly do promote paranoi a...."
suspected accomplice, the notorious "right-dishone st camp aign of lies and distortion Ev en worse, charged the President,
wing" leader , Avishai Raviv, also turned worthy of Nero, Hitler, and Stalin as this "these peopl e attack our government and
out to be a Shin Bet operative. (For an in-country has eve r witnessed. The Clinton the citizens who work for it who actually
depth look at the Rabin assassination, see Admini strati on and its politic al allies, guara ntee the freedom s th ey abuse .. ..
"The Price of 'Peace'" in the February 5, fully aided and abetted by the establish- Th ey can ce rta inly snuff out innocent
1996 issue of THE NEW AMERICAN. ) As ment media cartel, have relentlessly sought lives and sow fear in our hearts . They are
Shimon Pere s and the Labor go vernment to ascribe blame for the deadly Okl ahoma indifferent to the slaughter of children.
rushed to cover up these and other untid y bombing to the ent ire "America n right The y threaten our freedoms and our way
facts, the evidence pointed more and more wing." At the same tim e, the Clinton Jus- of life, and we must stop them. "
toward the likelihood that Rabin had been tice Departm ent and the FBI have gone to It was an insidiou s attack clearly calcu-
assassinated by those in his own govern - fa ntas tic len gth s to obs truc t justice by lated to smear principled opponents of so-
ment (who controlled Shin Bet) in a des- cove ring up and destro ying extremely im- cialist government by falsely associating
perate effort to save the phony CFR-made portant evidence in the case. (See the May them with the perpetrat ors of vile terrori st
"Mideast Peace Plan." 13, 1996 special issue of THENEWAMERI- acts. And it was the same base tactic to
CAN, "OKC: The Case for a Cover-up .") which he returned on May I, 1995 in an-
Oklahoma City Bombing In the week following the bombing, other disgraceful attempt to identify his
In the aftermath of the Ok lahoma City President Clinton clev erly structured his cr itics with tho se respon sibl e for the
bombing, the American people have been attac k on "purveyors of hatred and division, deadly bombing: " . . . we must also stand
subjected to a sustained prop agand a bar- the promoters of paranoia," so as to broadly up against those who say that somehow
rage that may come as close to approxi- include virtually all of his con serv ati ve this is alright, this is somehow a political
opponents in the condemna- act - people who say, I love my country
tion . "They spread hate, " he but I hate my government."
said. "They leave the impres- Mr. Clinton ' s haran gues were so trans-
sion . . . by their very word s, parentl y deceitful that even liberal colum -
that violence is acceptable." nist Charles Krauthammer (CFR) wa s
In a subsequent speech he de- moved to remark that the President had
nounced the bombi ng as an " re peatedly c ha rged dark and un seen
act by "the forces of organized forces, a shadowy unnamed ' they,' with
evil" who, he insinuated, are spreading paranoia - a classic of the very
linked to mainstream con ser- paranoid style of politic s Clinton is osten-
va tive a nd con stitutionalist sibly decrying." Unfortunately, Krautham-
forces. Thi s is so, he averred, mer ' s co gent observation was drowned
becau se "they do practi ce and out by the CFR-dominated media echo
~
(')
they do preach vio le nce chamber which ampl ified and inten sified
~ ag ains t tho se who are of a the Clinton defamation campaign, and ,
* di ffer ent color, a different borrowin g a page from Nero' s handb ook,
~ background, or who wo rship virtually branded all thei r oppos ition as
Rabin assassin Yigal Amir: Threads of conspiracy a different God . They do feed guilty of "hating the hum an race." •
lead back to Israel's own General Security Serv ice. on fear and uncertainty. They - WILLIAM F. J ASPER

THE NEW AM ERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16. 1996 53

PRESSURE FROM ABOVE & BELOW
Applying the "Pincers" Strategy
T
hroughout most of history , total -
itarians have maintained their
power primarily by force of arms.
People were ruled by whichever warlord
fielded the mightiest arm y or the most
deadly weapons. But as the concept of
representative government spread acro ss
Europe in the 18th century, the world was
introduced to the notion of popular elec-
tions and of contro lling one's own gov-
ernmen t. At last, ruthless tyran ny had
been vanq uished by the ballot box.
Or so it seemed. Would-b e totalitarians
did not vanish, but merely adapted to the
new reality and found other ways to im-
pose their rule. Instead of following mili-
tary careers, they became co n artists,
mastering the art of convincing free men
to accept their totalitarian agendas. How?
By making it appear that everyone sup-
ports that agenda , from public official s to
the masses in the stree ts.
Two-pronged Attack
That strategy is called "Revolutionary
Parliamentarianism" and is well known in
modern totalitarian circles. William Z.
Foster, national chairman of the American
Communi st Party from 1933 to 1957 ,
identified this strategy by name in his
1932 book Toward a Soviet Ameri ca. "In
carryi ng out its class strugg le progra m the
Communist party practices revolutionary
parliamentarianism...," Foster stated. "It
combines its parliamentary action inside
legislative bodies with its mass action out-
side and fights to force all possible con-
cessions from the gove rnment."
A detai led expla nation of this strategy
appeared in print in the 1950s as two
chapters in a textbook used by the Com-
munist Party in Czechoslovakia. Written
by Communist Party "theoretician" Jan
Kozak, this textbook was used in a train -
ing program on how to seize power in
countries that have representative govern-
ment. The strategy involves a political
"pincers" movement - and these are the
terms Kozak uses to describe it - a "pin -
cers" movement applying political pres-
sure "from above" and "from below."
Pressure from abo ve is created wh en
agents inside the gove rnme nt marked for
takeove r bring forward recommendations
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
for new big government/police state leg- than to stay in office , it is easy for them to
islation . This legislation will be promoted bend to the Insider-created pre ssures.
as a solution to some kind of national They willingly pass the legislation while
problem, but that will be a ruse. The hid- claiming - and so metimes actuall y be-
den objective will be to expand the power lieving - that they are merely respond-
of the bureaucracy and to move the coun - ing to the will of the people.
try clo ser to the ultimate goal of total With that, the process starts over again
government. with recomme ndations for new legislation
Pressure from be low is created when from above, new demands from below, and
other agents working in the media and in- new capitulation by the legislature. Through
side grassroo ts orga nizations cooperate to the strategy of Revolutionary Parliamen-
create the appearance of popular demand tariani sm, the nation gradually becomes
for the proposed legislation. Naturally, the totalitarian, and the peop le are convi nced
rank-and-file members of those organiza- that they asked for it themselves.
tio ns mu st be kept foc used on the pre-
tended hum anitarian objectives. Th ey
must not be allowed to see the totalitarian
objective.
The result is that the majority of the
population is caught in the middle . The y
look "above" and see government spokes-
men calling for legislation for some new
expansion of government power. They
Pincers strategy was used during
1960s in such arenas as Vietnam War
and civil rights demonstrations.
look "below" and , with the help of the
mass media, see mob s of demo nstra tors
shouting for the same thing . They say to
themselves, "Has everyone gone crazy?
Or have IT' They may still be in the ma-
jority by far, but they don 't know it. They
think they are hopelessly outnumbered,
and they bow to what they think is the
democratic will of the majorit y.
This process affects legislators as well.
Since many of them have no higher goal
55
From the Top
Is it possible that Revolutionary Par-
liamentarianism is being used in the
United States? To answer this question,
let us first look at the pressure from
above. For at least the past four decades,
there has been an unbroken succession of
government reports issued by presidential
commissions and federal agencies calling
for new legislation to solve some kind of
national problem; and those solutions in-
variably involve the vast expansion of
government power. Such commissions
have examined crime, civil disorders, civil
rights, police brutality, illiteracy, infla-
tion, unemployment, national security, the
environment, immigration, and countless
other issues of national urgency.
Once you have read one or two of
these reports, you have read them all. In
general, they call for an expansion in the
size, scope, and cost of goveroment. Pov-
erty must be eradicated through more
federal welfare programs; illiteracy must
be combatted through more federal edu-
cation programs; crime must be curtailed
by providing the underprivileged with
more federally mandated "opportunities"
and by enacting more restrictive gun con-
trol laws; the rising cost of health care
must be prevented by socializing medi-
cine; unemployment must be addressed
through more federal jobs programs; po-
lice brutality must be checked by extend-
ing federal control over police ; riots and
terrorism must be fought through the en-
actment of police state measures; etc.
Through such studies, the would-be totali -
tarians at the top are helping to create the
demand for more government leading to
total government.
When it comes to pressure from below,
the Kozak strategy is equally apparent.
Mass-action organizations pour into our
streets and hold press conferences to dra-
matize their demands. And the media du-
tifully report every bit of the action. These
militant groups are very small compared
to the overall population. Nevertheless,
the images on television and in the press
create the illusion of national con sensu s.
The President may then bow to the pres-
sure by creating a commission to study the
problem and make recommendations. As
the pressure from above and below grows ,
Congress may even hold an emergency
session to show its concern and dutifully
pass the desired legislation.
The Kozak "pincers" movement made
its American debut in the 1960s. It was
used in such demonstrations as the Selma
March of 1965, the subsequent Peace
marches and Civil Rights marches across
the land, the Poor People's Campaign,
and, more recently, the Earth Day celebra-
tions. Each of these became media events
of great magnitude, and each was de-
signed 'to create pres sure from below in
support of more legislation from above.
Each wave of demonstrations created a
demand for more government in the name
of some noble cause such as averting
nuclear war, helping minorities, aiding the
poor, or protecting the environment. In
retrospect, the legislation has done little to

The Anti-Establishment Establishment

n 1968, Random House published a book by James Kunen the guys who wrote the Alliance for Progress. They are the

I entitled The Strawberry Statement: Notes ofa College Revo-

lutionary. The book glamorized the radical student move-
ment and helped to make it grow. (MGM also helped by mak-
ing a movie out of the book.) Kunen carried the usual New Left
credentials and was a classic example of the extent to which an
intelligent person can be programmed by the Establishment into
thinking he is acting against the Establishment.
Kunen was one of the leading participants in the first student
seizure of an American university, which occurred at Columbia
in April 1968. Initially, the movement was not large and could
have been easily stopped by a simple police action. But the anti-
Establishment movement received its greatest help from the Es-
tablishment itself. For several days the police were told by
University officials not to interfere. Meanwhile, University of-
ficials groveled in the face of outrageous propaganda charges,
and the Establishment media made national heroes of the rebel-
ling students.
In The Strawberry Statement Kunen made this interesting ad-
mission of the powers behind the scenes that bankroll the pres-
sure from below:
In the evening, I went up to the U. to check out a strat-
egy meeting. A kid was giving a report on the SDS [Stu-
dents for A Democratic Society] convention. He said that
... at the convention, men from Business International
Round Tables, the meeting sponsored by Business Interna-
tional for their client groups and heads of government, tried
to buy up a few radicals.
These men are the world's leading industrialists and they
convene to decide how our lives are going to go. These are
left wing of the ruling class.
They offered to finance our demonstrations in Chicago.
We were also offered ESSO (Rockefeller) money. They
want us to make a lot of radical commotion so they can
look more in the center as they move to the left.
Jerry Kirk, while a student at the University of Chicago, be-
came active in the SDS, the DuBois Club, the Black Panthers,
and the Communist Party. Not only did he observe the support
provided by the Establishment during his revolutionary activi-
ties, but he was able to detect the strategy of pressure from
above and pressure from below at work. Kirk broke from the
Party in 1969. The following year, he testified before the House
and Senate Internal Security panels:
Young people have no conception of the conspiracy's
strategy of pressure from above and pressure from below....
They have no idea that they are playing into the hands of
the Establishment they claim to hate. The radicals think
they're fighting the forces of the super rich, like Rocke-
feller and Ford, and they don't realize that it is precisely
such forces which are behind their own revolution, financ-
ing it, and using it for their own purposes....
Militant communists and other street radicals will never suc-
ceed in overthrowing the U.S. government. But unless the Con-
spiracy is exposed, they will scare the American people into
accepting the very totalitarian agenda that the Establishment In-
siders seek. •
- G.E.G.

THE NEW AMERICAN I SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

56
 advance these cau ses , but it has greatly
expanded the power of government.
Martin Luther King Jr. , the man who is
considered to be the father of nonviolent
demonstrations, supported this strategy in
an article appearing in the Sat urday Re-
view for April 3, 1965. This is how he
phrased it:
(I) Nonvi olent demonstrat ors go
into the streets to exercise their con-
stitutional right s. (2) Racists resist by
unleashing violence against them. (3)
Americans of con science, in the
name of decency, demand fed-
eral intervention and legislation.
(4) The Admini stration, under
mass pressure, initiates measures
of immediate intervention and
remed ial legislation.
Once we under stand the strategy,
attitudes, and statements that other-
wise might be overlooked suddenly
take on enormous significance. For
example, shortly after the 1966 ri-
ots in Cleveland (pressure from be-
low), Senator Stephen Young called
for a federal "solution" (pressure
from above), and his remarks were
reported with glow ing enthusiasm
in the August 2, 1966 issue of the
Communist Party new spaper The
Worker (more pressure from below):
Senator Stephen M. Young
(D-Ohio) declared last week that
the recent riot s in Cl e veland ' s
Hough area were "not at all the re-
sult of any con spiracy, Communist-
inspired or otherwise." ...
The final solution to the prob lems ,
Young declared, lies with the Federal
Government. "Only Federal act ion
on a large scale can strike to the heart
of the urban dil emma," he said ....
'T he housing program is too small.
The poverty program is too small.
The program for slum schools is too
small... . It is clear that the elimina-
tion of slum misery will require new
programs and much money."
Role of Foundations
Duri ng the milder stage s of the "pres-
sure from below ," the cry is for jobs and
peace and civil right s and saving Moth er
Earth. But as th e "movement" becomes
mor e radicali zed and as the initial de-
mand s are met, the goals escalate to lib-
I
THE NE W AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
eration of an oppre ssed people , overthrow We are continuing to be guided by
of the cap italist sys tem, death to the ex- just such dire cti ves.
ploiters, and power to the people.
Thi s could not happen spontaneously, Th at bein g the ultimate goal, the fol-
of course. The effecti ve implementation lowing are crucial to the strategy:
of the pincers strategy requ ires not only • The UN would have to be strength-
that CFR eliti sts in and out of government ened so that it could become a true world
take advantage of the pressure from be- government. In practical terms, that means
low, but that they help to create , sustain,that all national milit ary forces must be
and strengthen it. As we shall see, there isbrought under its co ntrol and all national
plenty of evidence of this in the form of currencies must be integrated into a world
grants from government agencies and the monetary system.
powerful tax-exempt foundation s. * • The U.S. would have to lose her abil-
The intent behind found ation funding ity to act independently in her own self-
inter est. Th at means that she must
enter into treaties on international
trade , the en vironm ent , etc.
• The American standard of living
would have to be reduced - ex-
cept , of course, for the ruli ng class .
• The So viet Union and other
communi st countries that have com-
mitted mon strous cri mes agains t
hum anit y would have to underg o
dramatic ima ge change s to make
them appear more acceptable to the
West. There would have to be West-
ern assistance and accommodation
on the road to merger.
• The co ns titutio na lly limited
govern me nt of the United States
would have to be transformed into
an unlimited albeit "democratic"
government, complete with police -
state powers.
• Re volution ary Parli amentar-
AIM terrorists at Wounded Knee were funded
ianism would have to be employed
by grants from the federal gove rnment.
to beguile the American people into
was discovered in 1953 by Norman Dodd , belie ving that all of these steps are neces-
who was the research staff director of the sary, even beneficial.
Congressional Special Committee to In-
vestigate Tax -exempt Foundations. In that Subsidized Subversion
cap acity he had a per sonal meetin g with Not a prett y picture. Neverth eless, this
H. Rowan Gaither, who was president of program for the crea tion of the new world
the Ford Found ation . During the course of order has been and continues to be funded
that con ver sation , as recounted by Mr. by go vernment agencies and tax-exempt
Dodd , Gaither explained: foundations. Con sider , for instance, the
funding for org ani zation s promoting ra-
Most of us here were, at one time cial confli ct. In the 1960s and '70s, much
or another, active in either the O.S.S., of the fundin g for milit ant raci sts came
the State Department, or the Euro- from the federal age ncies . A notable re-
pean Econ omic Adm ini strat ion . cipient was the Harlem Black Arts Reper-
During those time s, and without ex- tor y Th eate r head ed by LeR o i Jon es .
ception, we operated under directi ves Jones authored a play called "The Toilet,"
issued by the White House, the sub- about a degenerate white man who mo-
stance of which was to the effect that lests bla ck s in the men's room. White
we should make every effort to so al- people were describ ed by Jone s as "dev -
ter life in th e Un ited St ates as to ils. beasts. and liars." In an interv iew with
make possible a comfortable merger * For a glimpse of CF R influence in the foundatio ns.
with the Soviet Union. see page 17.
57
 David Su sskind on WPIX -TV in New
York, Jones said that white people were a
cancer that had to be removed and that it
wouldn' t be a bad idea to start "killing
them away." Yet Jones' Black Arts Rep-
ertory Theat er received a grant of $44,000
from the federa l Office of Economic Op-
portunity (OEO).
In the 1970s, the OEO also funded the
American Indian Movement, a Marxist-
Leninist or ganization which had been
modeled after the Black Panther Party,
with $400,000 in operational grants. The
four top leaders of AIM were ex-convict s:
Ru ssell Mean s, Denni s Banks, Cart er
Camp, and Cl yde Bellecourt. Bet ween
them , the y had 42 criminal co nvictions
dating back to 1957, and had served time
for assault, battery, burglary, and armed
robbery. But with the arrival of money
from the federal government, they were
instantl y tran sformed by the medi a into
noble revoluti onaries fighting to liberate
the oppressed American Indian s from the
yoke of Yankee Imperi alism. They seized
Alcatraz in 1971 , demoli shed the Wash-
ington, DC offices of the Bureau of Indian
Affairs in 1972, and, in 1973, seized the
community of Wounded Knee, located in-
side the Oglala Sioux Indian reservation
in South Dakota. In that venture, a band
of 200 revolutionaries held ho stages,
plundered the trading post, burned a local
church, brutally beat a minister, demanded
60 million acres of federal land, called for
United Nations assistance, and gave inter-
views to the national media. At least half
of the self-styled liberators were actually
social-welfare workers receiving federal
funds. Only 20 actually lived in the area.
In the Southwest, the target of conflict
has been the Mexican-American popu la-
tion. On June 5,1967,150 armed "libera-
tors," under the leadership of Reies Lopez
Tij erina, se ize d th e vill age of Tierra
Amarilla, New Mexico and announced
that they were establishing a new nation
within the United States. It was a classic
mini-revolution of force and violence with
all the required Marxist-Leninist phrases
and slogans. Before the National Guard fi-
nally restored order, two county offici als
had been shot and another brutally beaten .
One of the men was be aten to death
shortly before he was scheduled to testify
that it was Tijerina who shot him.
That much was fairly well repo rted in
the press. What was not rep orted, how-
ever , was the extent to which the organi-
zations supporting Tijerina and his war of
58
"national liberation" had been financed by Liberti es Union ; over a million dollars to
the tax-exempt foundation s. Th e Ford assorted environmental groups; $600,000
Foundation cont inue s to make the Chi- to the NAACP; $700,000 to the UN; and
cano revolution one of its top priorities. - the largest sing le award of all -
La Raza Unida, a violent Hispanic orga- $ 1,800,000 to the CFR. In addition, more
nizati on , was fo unded with a $630,000 than $ 1,400,000 was provided for tran s-
Ford Foundation grant. In 1970, the Cali - portin g femini sts from Russia, Vietnam,
fornia Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee Poland, and the U.S. to the UN' s World
on Un-American Activities had this to say Conference on Women in Beijing.
about La Raza Unida: "Its president is In the spring of 1996, the Ford Founda-
Maclovio Barraza. Mr. Barraza has been tion announced a host of new grants , in-
identified by the Subversive Activities cluding $400,000 to the Environmental
Control Board as a member of the Com - Defen se Fund; $200,000 to the World-
munist Party, and preside s over the Coun- watch Institute; $ 1,425,000 for Afric an-
ci l which recentl y recei ved a gra nt of American study programs at six universi-
$ 1,300,000 from the Ford Foundation." ties; $500,000 more for the NAACP; an
The Mexi can American Youth Organi - additi onal $597,000 to Communist China;
zation was founded in 1967 by Jose Angel $543 ,750 to the Population Counci l of
Gutierrez. Gutierrez is another Marx ist- New York; $ 173,000 to the Aspen Insti-
Leninist who shouts the slogan of national tute; $ 150,000 to the Brookings Institu -
liberation as a means of fomenting race tion; etc.
war and anarchy. He declared at a Tijerina The Ford Foundation is not unique in
rall y in 1967: "Our Black brothers call its giv ing . Virtually all of the nation 's
him honky , but he is the same Anglo we largest tax-exempt foundations have simi-
know . Our devil has pale skin and blue lar record s. Promin ent examples include
eyes." More recentl y, at a Latino summit the Carnegie Endowment for International
meetin g held in Riverside, California in Peace, the John and Catherin e MacArthur
January 1995, Gutierrez declared : "Grin- Foundation, the Rockefeller Found ation ,
gos stole the land of the territorial minor- and the Twentieth Century Fund .
ity - us! We have a right to build our One of the most telling examples of a
homeland .... We are fig hting as a new hidden agenda behind foundation grants is
Mestizo nation .... Build Raza! We are go- the generous transfer of fund s from these
ing to build Aztlan ! We are here again! " establishment powerhouses to the suppos-
Revolutionary rhetoric of this kind is ex- edl y "a nti-establishment" radical environ-
actly what the Ford Foundation rewards. mental movemen t. Anyone not in on the
The American Mexican Youth Organiza- game plan would be surprised to learn that
tion , the Mexican American Legal De- the Rockefeller Brothers Fund sponsored
fense Fund , and similar radical Hispanic a 1977 environmental study entitl ed The
groups have rec eived over $35 million Unfinished Agenda that called for (among
from tax-exempt foundations since 1968. other thing s) "a progressively increa sing
gasoline tax, the proceed s of which should
Across the Spectrum be used to begin reducing the ill effects of
Ford Foundation funding is not limited automobiles." The Unfinish ed Agenda
to the promotion of revolutionary anar- makes clear that we are experiencing "a
chy . It has financed issue s and groups and world transition from abundance to scar-
even gov ern ments which personify the city, a transition that is already well un-
entire spec tru m of lefti st ideol ogy . In derway." It is, of course, a transition that
1995, the Found ation granted more than would benefit only the ruling class.
$ 1,444, 700 to the government of Com - Federal agencie s and tax-exempt foun-
muni st China and its Communist Part y dations lavishly fund those organizations
organs; $600,000 to the communist gov- which create the appearance of pressure
ernment of Vietnam ; $30,000 to the revo- "from below" for more government. The
lutionary In stitu te for Policy Studies; beneficiaries of this funding are not grass-
$545,000 to the United Nation s Associa- roots movement s; the entire operation is
tion ; $25,000 to the UN50 Committee; orchestrated "from above" by the Insiders.
$20,000 to Parl iamentari ans for Global Th ese are the age nts who co nsti tute a
Action; $35,000 to the NOW Legal De- massive conspiracy to defraud the Ameri-
fense Fund; $255,000 to the Sex Informa- can people of their economic securi ty and
tion and Education Council of the United their personal freedom . •
Stat es; $925,000 to the American Civil - G . EDWARD GRIFFIN
THE NEW AMERICA N / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 "GOOD" AND "BAD" COMMUNISTS
Red Chameleons
M
ost Americans probably are not
aware that communists often
undergo a peculiar kind of meta-
morpho sis. At times certain communists
are held to be "good" while certain other
communists are held to be "bad ." At other
times their roles are completely reversed.
Certain other comm unists are presented as
not being communist at all. Knocking this
image of communism back and forth to
fit the occasion has been one of the Insid-
ers' most effective ways to control the
public's perception of their international
machinatio ns.
The Insider treatment of the Soviet
Union shows this technique at its loath-
some best. When Hitler and Stalin carved
up Poland between them in 1939, commu-
nism was held to be thoroughly reprehen-
sible. Stalin was accurately depicted as a
b loody tyra nt who ha d exterminated
mi llions of his own countrymen, while
American communists were rightfully
condemned for their bold support of
Hitler. Some idealistic , albeit naive,
American communists even bolted the
Party upon hearing the shocking news of
the Hitler-Stalin pact. Others, of course,
fully recognized that Nazism and commu-
nism are ideological cousins and desired
the very totalitarianism that both Hitler
and Stalin ruthlessly imposed.
Our "Ally" Stalin
But then one of these arc h-cr iminals
turned on the other. Overnight, Stalin be-
came "good 01' Uncle Joe ," a bosom
buddy who must be rescued with billions
of dollars in U.S. aid . The beleaguered
American communists suddenly became
"just like us" and were even welcomed
into high-level government posts and bu-
reaus. By the time the slaug hter of World
War II had ended, Uncle Joe emerged not
only as a winner, but as a world leader.
The benign image of Stalin served its
purpose well. It made possible the accep -
tance by the American public of the trans -
ference of enormous amounts of our
wealth, technology, and food to the Soviet
Union. It also misled Americans into not
recognizing the treasonous course of the
war as the secret Yalta agreements began
to unfold. Under those agreements, the
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16. 1996
Soviet Union was ceded chunks of
Poland and granted control over
Manchuria, and millions of Russian
nationals who had fled their com-
munist-controlled homeland were
forcibly repatriated . Yalta set the
stage for the enslavement of nearly
a billio n human beings in Europe
and Asia.
But alas, the euphoria about our
noble ally Stalin was soon in tat-
ters. Before Americans could prop-
erly refocus their minds, Winston
Ch urc hill had invaded our heart-
land and our media with dire elo-
quence about an "Iron Curtain"; the
Cold War was on with the suddenly
bad Soviets. In fact, they were so
bad that Americans were held hos-
tage for decades to the fear of
nuclear holoca ust, which served the
Insiders well as a pretext for world
government.
Of course, the frightful appear-
ance of the Soviet Union at times
served as a pretext for showering Dismantling of Berlin Wall signaled the
Western assistance on other com - beginning of phony Soviet liberalization.
munist co untries, such as Red China, chev and Yeltsin behaved very much like
which had supposedly broken with the the communists of old in their rapes of Af-
Soviets. So it was that in 1984 the arch- ghanistan and Chechnya has been glossed
anti-communist President Ronald Reagan over by the establishment opinion cartel.
referred to China as a "so-called commu- If the velvet revolutions and political
nist" country. conversions leading t~ the demise of com-
munism were genuine, one would have ex-
A Fa k e d Deat h pected an intensive "de-comm unization"
Then a dramatic change took place that program at the very least, if not special tri-
shocked the world. After decades of glo- als to bring to justice still-living commu-
bal saber rattling, communist thugs who nist thugs responsible for monstrous
had been responsible for the murder of crimes against humanity - such as was
millions suddenly became "democrats" done in Germany following the defeat of
eager to curtail their own tyrannical pow- Hitler. But no such steps were undertaken
ers and lead their people out of bondage. in post-Soviet Russia - j ust the opposite,
The Berli n Wa ll came down and the Iron in fact. Not only were the hardline com -
Curtain was lifted. Without a shot being munists who led the failed coup against
fired, the "Evil Empire" ceased to exist. Gorbachev not sent to the gulag or the gal-
The ghastly menace that had held us in lows , they were released. How could this
thrall for 45 years and cost us a tremen- be - unless, of course, the "demise of
dous fortune to defe nd against had appar- communism" was less than genui ne?
ently vanished into thin air. Instead of It is much less than genuine according
Lenin or Stalin , we now had Gorbachev to Anatoliy Golitsyn, arguab ly the West's
the Good followed by Yeltsin the Better, most valuable Soviet defector. Golitsyn,
"former" communists who have embraced an ex-KGB staff officer who specialized
"openness" and "reform" and who have in counterintelligence, argues that the
become just like us. The fact that Gorba- "liberalization" of the Soviet Union and
59

«
::;;
o
~ impossible...." Bloomfield saw this as a
~
Q)
'"
.3
"Former communist" Mikhail Gorbachev and Russian "reformer" Boris Yeltsin.
Eastern Europe is nothing more than a
KGB disinformation ploy designed to be-
guile the West into supporting communist
objectives, including Western assistance
and eventual merger.
Significantly, Golitsyn identified this
strategy long before the "demise of com-
munism." In his 1984 book New Lies for
Old (published five years before the Ber-
lin Wall came down), Golitsyn made a
number of startling predictions:
• "[T]he communist strategists are
equipped, in pursuing their policy , to en-
gage in maneuver s and stratagems be-
yond the imagination of Marx or the
practical reach of Lenin and unthinkable
to Stalin. Among such previously un-
thinkable stratagems are the introduction
of false liberalization in Eastern Europe
and, probably, in the Sovie t Union and the
exhib itio n of spur ious independence on
the part of the regimes in Romania, Czech-
oslovakia, and Poland."
• "If 'liberalization' is successful and
accepted by the West as genuine, it may
well be followed by the apparent with-
drawal of one or more communist coun-
tries from the Warsaw Pact to serve as the
model of a 'neutral' socialist state for the
whole of Europe to follow."
• "The 'liberalization' [in the Soviet
Union] would be spectacular and impres-
sive. Formal pronouncements might be
made about a reduction in the communist
party ' s role; its monopoly would be ap-
parentl y curtailed. An ostensible separa-
tion of powers between the legislati ve, the
executive, and the judiciary might be in-
troduced. "
• "If [liberalization] should be extended
60
to East Germany, demolition of the Ber-
lin Wall might even be contemplated."
• "Pressure could well grow for a solu-
tion of the German problem in which
some form of confederation between East
and West German y would be combined
with neutralization of the whole and a
treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union."
• "The European Parliament might be-
come an all-European socialist parliament
with representati on from the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe . 'Europe from the At-
lantic to the Urals' would tum out to be a
neutral, socialist Europe."
In his more recent book The Perestroika
Deception (1995), Golitsyn argued that
"the current Russian leaders are following
the strategy of their predecessors and work-
ing toward a 'New World Order.' " That
new world order, he made clear , would be
a one-world communist government. *
Insider Strategy
Golitsyn views the stratagem behind
the "demise of communism" as originating
from the communist KGB , not the West-
ern power elite. But there is no denying the
fact that both cliques benefit from the
planned merger. The assistance the West
has provided communism over many de-
cades (see page 39) makes perfect sense to
anyone who understands that socialism is
a "control the wealth" program, not a
"share the wealth" program, and that some
of the world 's super-capitalists - perhaps
even more so than their communist "part-
ners" - seek the concentration of power
on a global scale with themselves at the
helm. In our own view, the fact that the
purse strings run from West to East pro-
vides a good indication of which clique is
the senior in this partnership.
Looking at the fall of communism from
the perspective of the Western non-com-
munist elite, the purpose behind this latest
act is not hard to fathom . How could the
Insider s' world merger possibly proceed
with a regime as horrible and powerful as
the Soviet Union ? CFR academic Lincoln
P. Bloomfield acknowledged thi s very
problem in his 1962 State Department-
funded report , A World Effectively Con-
trolled by the United Nation s. "[G]iven a
continuation unabated of communist dy-
namism," he said, "the subordination of
states to a true world government appear s
paradox , since "if the comm unist dynamic
were greatly abated, the West might well
lose whatever incentive it has for world
government." But other pretexts for world
government have been employed (see page
49), and with the elimination of the "Evil
Empire" the merger can proceed unabated.
Today , in spite of massive aid from the
West , "former" Communist Party ap-
paratchik Boris Yeltsin has been behaving
very much like a dictator in his crackdown
on political opponent s and in his crushing
of Chechen rebels. The Associated Press
reported in June that "most of the 15
former Soviet republics are today domi -
nated by communists or their renamed
political heirs." And according to Wash-
ington Times columni st Richard Grenier
(CFR), the "KGB lives on" - not only in
Russia , but in "the newly independent
states bordering Russia" that inherited the
dreaded police state apparatus. The name
may have changed , the players may have
been shuffled , a measure of freedom may
be tolerated, but an overt Stalinist dicta-
torship could re-emerge whenever it suits
Insider/communist purposes.
The good communistlbad communist!
former communist charade ha s served
the Insiders well , enabling them to ju s-
tify accommodation, assistance, and con-
vergence that otherwise would not be
tolerated . The bottom line is that the In-
siders have long been working in concert
with the top communists - for their ob-
jecti ves are the same: Wealth , power , and
world merger. •
- JA NE H. INGRAHAM & G ARY B ENOIT
* To order Golitsyn' s books, see the inside front
cover. For our co mprehensive examin ation and -:
expose of the deadly deception concern ing "the
collapse of communism," see the September 18,
1995 special issue of TH E N EW A MERICAN, adver-
tised on page 62.
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
I
THE WAR STRATEGY
First Tool of Tyrants
." :.
..-.
U.S. soldiers helped President Bush build "new world order" during Gulf War.
E
mbedded in the hum an consc ious-
ness is the belief that the purp ose
of war is to defend or advance the
"natio na l interest" - that is, to protect
life, territ ory, or the "balance of power" of
the nation from an externa l threat. But the
real reason for many wars is far different.
From ancient times to pre sent , preeminent
among government method s for the con-
trol ofsociety has been the making of war.
No other combination of techniques for
centralizing power or adv ancing revo lu-
tion ary concepts can remotely compare to
war in scope or effec tiveness .
We st Point histor y instru ctor We sle y
Allen Riddl e has obse rved that "warfare
must be viewe d as an important contribu-
tor to the state of thin gs as they exist now
in the Leviathan. New wars, in the context
in which we find ourselves, can only be
the handmaiden of o mnipo tent govern-
ment. If pat rioti sm is the last refu ge of
scoundrels, then certainly, war is the first
tool of tyrants."
For society itself, the possibility of war
creates a se nse of ne cessity to accept
pol itical author ity and thu s a binding
allegia nce to one's go vern me nt. But al-
legiance requires a cause and a cause re-
quire s a n e n e my . If there is n o ene my ,
govern me nts are ade pt at crea ting on e
throu gh whatever pretense seems expedi-
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
• .E
.. ~
~- ~
~ on Briti sh vesse ls carrying arms, The Brit-
~:...._ ..::.._ ___l o
ent. In the 20th ce ntury , the expansion of
pow er th rou gh fa br ica tio ns and secret
age ndas has been developed to a fine art
by the political and financial elites of Eu-
rope and America.
Europe's Suicide
The assassination in 1914 of Archduke
Fran z Ferdin and , he ir to the throne of
Austria-Hungary, by a Bosnian Serb was
hardly of " national interest" to the other
Europ ean powers, and certainly of no con-
sequence for the U.S . But when Austria
unnecessarily attac ked Serbia, the oppor-
tunity for war was irresis tible to the rulers
of Russia, Germany, France, England, and
eve ntually the U.S.
From our present perspective, it see ms
incredible that the U.S., which had re-
mained utterly aloof from Euro pean con-
flicts, could have been suc ked int o the
most avoidable of Europe's recu rrent ca-
tastroph es. How did it happen ? Four men
were primarily responsible: Edward Man -
dell Hou se, President Woodrow Wilson,
J.P. M o rgan, and Win st on Ch urc hi ll.
Th ese men were alrea dy close ly associ-
ated through the sec ret one-world Round
Tabl e Groups se t up in Lond on by the
Lord Miln er-Cecil Rhodes world gove rn-
ment cab al.
Hou se was an evil genius who manipu-
lated Woodrow Wilson ' s latent passion
for one-world gove rnment at the expe nse
of national sove reignty. But both Wilson
and Hou se knew that Americans wo uld
never acce pt this co ncept unless psycho-
logicall y induc ed by ex tre me circ um-
stances - such as Amer ica n involvement
in a devastating wor ld war.
J.P . Morgan was also intent on embroil-
ing the U.S . in the war, as he was person-
ally at risk for a huge fortune if England
default ed on her bond s and loans. Equally
determined to have the U.S. co me in was
Churc hill, Great Britain ' s Firs t Lord of
the Admiralty at the time. How to engi-
neer a c rys ta lizi ng " inciden t"? T hese
schemers saw the ir opportunity in the fact
that the U.S. and Britain , co ntrary to in-
terna tional law, used passengers as cover
is h aux iliary cru iser Lusitania , sai li ng
from New York in May 1915, was such a
vesse l, carrying a contraband cargo of 600
tons of ex plosives and six milli on round s
of ammunition , all consigned through the
J.P. Morgan co mpany.*
The German embassy in Washington,
aware of the ca rgo, filed a complain t with
the U.S. government, citing this shipment
as a violation of international neut ralit y
treati es. Th e U.S . deni ed know ledge of
any suc h ca rgo , altho ug h it co uld be
plainly see n being loaded on New York' s
Pier 54 . The Ge rmans then attempted to
place ads in 50 maj or newspapers warn-
ing the passen ger s not to travel on the
Lusitania. Th e Wilson Administra tion's
State Department used the threat of libel
suits to prevent publi cation of the ad in
every pap er exce pt fo r the Des Moines
Register.
Th e Lu s itan ia left Ne w York with
1,257 passengers; as it entered the Irish
Sea, Churc hill orde red it to proc eed at
reduced speed to "s ave fuel ex pe nse,"
withdrew its des troye r esco rt, and sent it
into waters where a Ger man U-boat was
known to be opera ting. The ex pec ted tor-
pedo hit was followed by a massive inter-
nal ex plosion and the Lusitania, one of the
largest ships ever bu ilt, sank in 18 min-
* For a detailed account of the Lusitani a plot. see
Colin Simpson' s definitive 1972 study The Lusi-
Tan ia (Boston: Little. Brown & Co .).
63
 utes. Seven hund red and eighty-five lives
were lost, includ ing 195 Americans. The
ship's captain was prominently blam ed
for the disaster. Wilson ordered the ship's
bill-of-lading concealed in the archives of
the Treasury Department, while his Sec-
retary of State, Willi am Jennings Bryan,
re signed in di sgu st and di sm ay at th e
dupli city.
The Ameri can plotters then moved to
whip up war hysteria and hatred of Ger-
many . Morgan was ide all y situated for
this propaganda barrage with his control
of 25 of the most important newspap ers,
including the New York Sun, Barrons, and
the Wall Street Journ al, plu s countless
New England newspaper s on the payroll
of the Morgan Tru st. Wilson fired off a
note of outraged indignation to the German
government; Hou se wrote that "America
must determine whether she stands for
civili zed or uncivilized warfare. We can
no longer remain neutral spec tators ...."
Newspap er editors across the country en-
larged upon this travesty in their editorials.
But the 1916 election was coming up,
and, with publi c opinion not yet fully un-
der control, Wilson was oblig ed to run for
re-electi on on the sloga n, "He kept us out
of war." Only five month s later, on April
16, 1917, Congress succ umbed to pres-
sure from Wil son and the J.P . Morgan
press and declared war to "make the world
safe for democracy ." One billion tax dol-
lars in credit was quickly extended to the
Allie s, of which $200 million was imme-
diately applied to England's debt to Mor-
gan, with more to come later.
Repeat Performance in WWII
But the schemers had only ju st started.
In 1912 Edward Mandell House had pub-
lished the novel Philip Dru, Administra-
tor, in which he called for "socialism as
dreamed of by Karl Marx" and a "leag ue
of nations" to ensure "world peace." At
the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, this
was preci sely the name given to the world
body created there by one of Wilson ' s fa-
mous "fourteen points." But this first at-
tempt at world gove rnment failed, thanks
to the U.S . Senate, which refused to ratify
the League of Nation s Covenant.
But Houseand the British one-worlders
knew that a gre at deal more th an the
Round Table network was needed . Ac-
cordingly, front organizations were set up
h a ving as th e ir nucl e u s the existi ng sub-
merged Round Table Groups. In England
this orga nization is called the Royal Insti-
64
tute of International Affairs; in the U.S. it
is known as the Coun cil on Foreign Rela-
tions (CFR).
A mere 20 years later the Insiders had
succeeded in positioning them sel ves for
an uncanny repetition of their 1919 world-
govern me nt- thro ugh -war atte mpt. But
first the war had to be brought into being.
We now know that when Hitler launched
World War II by invadin g Poland in 1939,
the American financial/corporate/ politi -
cal elite had much to do with making it
possible . The most authoritative account
of Am eri can aid to Hitl er is A nto ny
Sutton ' s Wa ll Str eet and th e Rise of
Hitler, which details how top offic ials of
numerou s leading corporations and banks
kn owingl y gave cru ci al mon et ar y and
technical assistance to the developm ent of
the Nazi war machine.
Occup ying the high est position in the
land was a Wall Streeter par excellence,
Frankl in D. Roosevelt , posing as a "friend
of the people ," but actually with intim ate
ties to both the financ ial and corporate
CFR elite. Thu s, it was a relatively simple
matter for the CFR elitists to literall y take
contro l of the Roosevelt State Department
as ear ly as 1939 with the secretive War
and Peace Stud y Proje ct, funded by the
Rockefeller Found ation. The CFR mem-
bers of this hidden "project" created the
basic structure of the United Nations as a
war objective - for a war that we hadn 't
even entered at that poin t.
Re-enacting Wilson' s hypocritical peace
postu re, Roose velt pl ed ged th at "your
boys will never go to war," while simul-
taneously secretly plannin g ju st the oppo-
site with Win ston Churchill. But how to
get Americ a involved, with publ ic opinion
overwhelmingly opposed? Roosevelt bra-
zenly broke eve ry intern ational neutr ality
law, eve n to depth-charging U-boats, in an
attempt to force Germ any to strike first.
Th warted by Germ any' s refusal to fall
into the same trap twice, Roosevelt began
planning a co nfrontation with Japan, an
Axis partner and our third most important
trading partner. Henr y L. Stim son, a hard-
core CFR member, was brought in as War
Secretary and proceed ed to box in Japan
with a trade embargo, seizure of Japanese
asse ts in the U.S., and denying Japan use
of the Pan am a Canal. Aft er a meeting
with Roosevelt, Stim son wrote in his di-
ary : "The question was how we sho uld
mane uver th e m [the J apa ne se ] in to the p o -
sition of firing the first shot." The prob-
lem was solved when FDR demanded that
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEP TEMBER 16, 199 6
Japan abrogate its trea ty wit h the Axis.
Thi s, as hoped, proved to be the final in-
citement to attack.
Meanwh ile, military intelli gence had
crac ked th e top-secret Japanese code.
Roosevelt and his inner cliqu e, including
Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall,
knew from these interce pts that an attack
on Pearl Harbor was plann ed . At least
eight other promin ent sources also warned
Roosevelt, yet no information was passed
on to our co mmanders in Hawai i. The at-
tack left over 2,000 Americ ans dead , 18
naval vesse ls sunk or damaged, and de-
stroye d the careers of Admira l Husband
E. Kimm el and General Walter C. Short,
who were used as sca pegoa ts by FDR .
UN Charter or Constitution?
But none of this, or the loss of life to
co me, mattered , for th e In siders had
ac hieved th eir purpose. In June 1945,
eve n before the war ended, the United Na-
ti on s fo undi ng co nfe re nce took pl ace,
with more than 40 CFR memb ers in the
U.S. del egati on. Thi s time , the Insiders
were determined to secure Senate ratifica-
tion . They saturated the country with the
sloga n that the UN was the world's "last
best hope for peace." With hardly any de-
bate, the Senate ratified the UN Charter
and Am erica bec am e a part of a world
gove rnment-to-be.
The biggest hurdl e had been cro ssed,
but this was only a beginnin g. Precedents
had to be set to activa te UN powers. As
part of the Pacific war settlement in 1945,
th e northern hal f of Kor ea had outra-
geo usly been handed over to Stalin, who
proceeded to mak e it a Marxist satellite
whi ch invaded the South in 1950. Th e
stage was set for another war entangling
America - and another CFR coup. This
time one of the object ives was to free the
Insiders from the co nstitutional require-
ment that only Con gress can declare war.
U.S . involvem ent in the Korean War
not onl y crea ted precedents, but kept
America firmly in the grasp of entangling
g lo ba lis t co mmitme nts . Thi s is doc u-
mented in an essay publ ished in the June
1996 issue of The At lantic Monthly by
Benjamin Schwar z, a senior fellow at the
liberal World Policy Institut e. Acco rding
to Sch warz, form er Secr et ary of State
Dean Ache son (CFR) ga ve a speech in
1954 describing the grow ing opposition to
t he UN a nd A merican e nta ng leme nts
abroad ; at a cr itica l moment , discl osed
Acheson, the crisis in Korea "c ame along
 Rerun in Vietnam
After American s had ab sorbed the
shock of not winning, they then had to ab-
sorb the greater shock of losing. The place
- Vietnam - co uldn ' t have been further
from our " national interest." As John F.
Mc Ma nus explai ns in his indispensab le
book Changing Cotnmand s (see page 62),
our purposeful entang lement in the South-
east Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
and its UN parent was used by President
Lynd on John son for authori ty to "co unter

President Bush looked to UN - not to Congress -

THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996 65

nal betra yal in place at the Paris "peace"
negotiation s, Southeast Asia fell to the
communists, who still enslave it.

The Gulf War Script

By 1990 the Insiders' plan ca lled for
polishin g up the tarn ished image of the
UN wi th a mil it ar y vic tory . With th e
American people hardly noticing the pro-
cedure or its portent , Presid ent George
Bush went to the UN for authority to send
troops to war against Iraq. In an unprec-
edented step, the UN dire ctly authorized
the use of U.S. troo ps for battle. Alth ough
an enormous militar y force was already
bein g se nt to the Persi an Gulf by Mr.
Bush , 54 co urageo us members of Con-
gress attempted to force the President to
-..,....
obt ain congressional authority . In spite of
thi s, the Hou se voted 250-183 and the
-~~. ' :~~-.-
Senate 52-47 to authorize the use of our U.S. troops in Somalia: Humanitarian mission changed to military operation. '
armed forces pursuant to Security Council had a humanitarian obli gation to feed the Bosnia without permi ssion of the warrin g
Resoluti on 678, while Mr. Bush boasted hun gr y in warrin g Som ali a . Well re - partie s; the U.S. military was used to en-
that he didn 't need any such superfluous hear sed , thi s time th e power pla y pro- force the UN arm s embargo; UN officials
vote. Thu s, the precedent was set for un- ceeded like clockwork ; even the necessity ordered U.S. fighter plane s serving under
limited use of our military on a global of an "incident" had become outmoded. NATO to attack positions in Bosnia with
sca le by the UN. After asking the UN for a resolution of au- no U.S . perm ission whatso ev er. Und er
President Bush ex plicitly and repea t- thority, Mr. Bush simply sent 30,000 U.S. Se cret ary of St ate Richard Holbrooke
edly stated that the purp ose of the Gul f troops to Somalia with no congressional (CFR), in an act of diplom atic arroga nce,
War was to empower the UN and create a outcry . Newly inaugurated President Bill hamm ered out a peace accord crea ting a
"new world order." "We' re now in sight Clinton quickly upgraded the "hurnanitar- UN-do minated political entit y whose in-
of a United Nations that performs as envi- ian" mission to a mil itary operation with stitutions are defined by "the purposes and
sioned by its founders," Bush boasted in a unprecedented orders to capture one of the principles of the Charter of the United Na-
September II , 1990 addr ess to Congress. nation ' s leaders, disarm civilians, and re- tion s" - and 30,000 Ameri can troop s
"I hope history will reco rd," he stated in build Som alia' s infr astructure. For the were deployed to enforce this agreement
hi s Na tio na l Security Strategy of th e fir st time in our nati on ' s hi st or y, our "under Chapt er VII of the Uni ted Nations
United States ( 199 1), "that the Gul f crisis troop s were placed under the direct com- Charter" in a mission "a uthorized" by the
was the crucible of the new world order." mand of a UN foreign comm ander. UN Security Council.
Not only was the Gulf War undeclared, On the strength of the Somalia prece- Several years before the start of World
unconstitutional , and unwarranted , but dent and another UN resolution, President War I, the tru stee s of the Carnegie En-
there are many indications that it was as Cl inton next se nt ten s of thou sands of dowment for International Peace held a
phonily fo me nted as it s pr edece ssors. troop s to tiny Haiti , callin g the situation meetin g to discuss the question, "Is there
Shell Game, a recent book by Pulitzer there "a threat to intern ational peace ." Al- any mean s known to man more effective
Prize-winnin g investigative journalist Pe- th ou gh Sen at or Je sse Helm s (R- NC) than war, assumin g you wish to alter the
ter Mantiu s, documents the fashi on in sought to bar funds for military action not life of an entire people?" Deciding that
which the U.S. gove rnm ent and taxpayer- re lated to pr otect ing U.S . ci tize ns, the there was none, a seco nd question was ex-
subsidized cor porations built up Sadd am Senat e defeated this end run around the amined, " How do we involve the United
Hussein ' s military in the 1980s - and Insiders with a chilling 8 1- 19 vote. Mr. States in a war ?" Acco rding to congres-
how, following the war, "Preside nt Bush Clinton effectively ordere d our troops to sional investi gator Norman Dodd , after
[used] the vast powe r of his office .. . to dep ose Haiti' s anti-comm unist govern - America became entangled in World War
stall [Congres sional] probes long enough ment , rein stall the Marxist terror ist Ber- I, the Carnegie trustees were so delighted
for the American co mpanies that supplied trand Aristide as President , and disarm the with the new opportunities for social en-
Iraq to blend quietly into the crow d." An- civilian popul ation . Here aga in the pur- gineeri ng that they dispatched a telegram
other "e ne my" inve nted, another stage d pose of this seemingly senseless act was to President Wilson "ca utioning him to 1
war, and another critical enha ncement of the sett ing of preced ent s tha t are obvi- see that the war did not end too quickly." I
the UN's power. ous ly a harro wi ng threat to the sov er- War remains the most effecti ve means
eignty of any nation, including our own. to alter the life of an entire people, and it
Somalia, Bosnia, and Beyond M e an wh ile . th e tr a ge d y o f B o sn ia ha s w ill remain a mong th e m o st pot ent to ol s
Hardl y was the Gul f War over than created yet more disastrous precedents. of co nspirators seeking total power. •
President Bush "discovered" that the U.S. UN "peacekee pers" were dropped into - JANE H. INGRAHAM

66 THE NE W AM ERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996

 FALSE CONSPIRACY THEORIES
Neutralizing Good Ame ric a ns
I
t is useful to consider the etymology
of the English noun "conspiracy" and
the verb "conspire." These words are
derived from the Latin verb conspirare,
which literally means "to breathe to-
gether." A conspiracy is something crimi-
nal or evil that is planned cla ndesti nely
and co nspirators, wis hing to keep their
activities from being discovered, natu -
rally tend to conduct unsavory proceed-
ings behind closed doors, voices softened
to whispers, faces close together; hence ,
in the act of conspiring they "breathe
together."
The secret nature of all conspiratorial
activities engenders many problems for
the historian. We know , for example, that
the assassinations of Presidents Lincoln
and Kennedy have inspired sundry con-
spiracy theor ies. In both instances there is
co nsiderab le compelling evide nce of co n-
spirators beyond the officia lly cited assas-
sins, and in both cases we find prominent
members of government exercising their
power and influence to destroy and cover
up evidence, obstruc t justice, and mislead
the official investigators, the press, and
the publi c with fa lse evidence. Wh ol e
books have now been written simply to
cata log the hundreds of books and studies
and the dozens of competing theories
about who killed John F. Kennedy. Was it
Lee Harvey Oswald acting as a lone as-
sassi n? Oswald as a KGB agent? The Ma-
fia? Cast ro ? Cub an exi les? Th e CIA?
Right-wing Texas extremists? The "mili -
tary-industrial comp lex"? Lyndon Baines
Joh nson? All of these theories - and
more - have their partisans.
Covering Their Trail
The very fact that the JFK assassi na-
tion has pro duce d such a profusion of
confusing and contradictory theories is of-
ten cited by the conspiracy debunkers as
proof that the searc h for additional con-
spirators is a delusional fascination , a chi-
merica l chase by dera nged or idle minds
down mythic al rabbit warrens and blind
alleys. Far from vindicati ng the debun k-
ers, however, or validating the official
Warrell Report, the multip licity of theo-
ries merely complicates the search for
truth, and may itself be considered prima
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
facie evidence of a larger conspiracy . Just speaki ng, wit hin the more infl ue ntial
as ba nk robbers fleeing a posse might strata of the countries and times in ques-
muddy their trail by running with a herd tion. From the answers to these questions,
of cattle , lay false track s going in various then, we will see that indeed individual
directions, or even guarantee their esca pe Jews were someti mes invol ved in un-
in adva nce by bribing or blackmai ling the pleasa nt episodes in history, but that indi-
sheriff or deputy to bumbl e the chase, so viduals from many other groups were also
conspirators of all types usually incorpo - involved.
rate false leads, scapegoats, and fall guys
as integral parts of their schemes. If we re- Behind the "Protocols"
member again the intrinsically secret na- One of the most well-known efforts at
ture of conspiracies, then we understand calumniating Jews has been the notorious
why finding irrefut abl e evi dence abo ut Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned
them is ofte n exceedingly difficult. Elders of Zion, usually called The Proto-
The frequent ly tentative nature of con- cols of Zion, or simply The Protocols.
spiracy proofs together wit h the native First published in Imperial Russia in 190 I
prejudices of certa in investigators, and, in by Professor Sergei Nilus, the docu ment
many cases, the laying of bogus trails by began appearing in American editions 20
agents provocateurs, have give n rise to years later and has been widely circ ulated
several comprehensive, but fa lse, co n- in countless editions since that time. The
spiracy theories that have sometimes mis- work purports to be the minutes of secret
led conserva tives. Let us explore some of gatherings of high officials in the "Jewis h
these. Conspiracy" where in they plot to under-
Widespread in certain circles through- mine the Christian nations of the world
out the 20th century has been the belief and bring them under Jewish domination .
that the source of all of the problems of The text speaks luridly of plans subtly to
Weste rn man, and the origi n of most of ga in con trol of the press and of parlia-
the wars and revolutions of the last few ments, to ruin the land-owning nobility, to
centur ies, are the Jews . It is usually as- encourage dru nkenness and debauch ery
serted by proponents of this notio n that among the people, to elimina te class icism
"organized Jewry" was exclusively the at universities and encourage curric ula
force behind the machinations that led to, that might be easily controlled and ma-
among other events , the French Revolu- nipulated, to plunge Christ ian nations
tio n, the Bol shevik Revoluti on , Worl d deeply into debt and ruin their currency,
War I, and Wo rl d W ar II. Th at so me and so forth.
people of Jewish extractio n have been in- Although the actual authorship of The
volved in the aforementioned historical Protocols remai ns unknown, the strongest
events is doubtless true . Sufficient num- evide nce and logic indicate that it is an
bers of them have lived in Europe long anti-Semitic forgery concocted either by
enough so that representatives of their the Tsaris t secret police or by Lenin him-
eth nic group are bound to appear in the self. Nevert heless , faith in The Protocols
historical record , along with the represen- has stu bbo rn ly persisted amo ng so me
tatives of other groups. One of the ques- perso ns despite the work's questionable
tions we must ask, therefore, is whether origi n and checkered history. Aga in, a
Frenchmen, Englishmen, Germans, and careful examination by dispassionate re-
Russians, or whether Catholics, Protes- searchers serves to put the doc ument in
tants, and Orthodox Christians, have also proper context. Reading The Protocols,
played prominent roles in these historical can anyone honest ly say that it conforms
upheavals. We must ask, too, if the num- to the activities of most Jewish people in
bers of Jews involved in these episodes is our society? Of co urse not! Th at some
substantially larger than their proportion men who identify themsel ves as Jews
of the population in the countries in- have been involved in ev il conn iv ing
volved. Finally, we must ask if they were proves little. For every Trotsky, there are
more heavily represented, proportionally Lenins; for every Bela Kun, there are
67
 Stalin s; for every Warburg, Rockefelle rs; of dam aging the credibility of any body "Racist" Burnings
for every Roth schild, Lord Milners; for who opposes the new world order. Let us note, too, that the circulation of
every Morgenth au, Roo sevelts; for every Jaspe r ment ions the infamou s and mys- reckl ess conspi racy yarns is not co nfined
Kissinger, Eisenhowers. Those who insist terious "black helicopt ers" that man y con- to anyone seg ment of the politi cal spec-
that a particul ar ethnic or racial group is serva tives were hear ing about two yea rs trum . In recent months the left has been
somehow responsible for all of the world ' s ago . Accordin g to a story then circulating, inc re asin gl y agi ta te d abo ut an a lleged
problems ignore the fact that each ind i- these belonged to an agen cy of the United " rig ht-w ing" and " racis t" pl ot to burn
vidual member of the group make s his Nations and signalled the imminent occu- black churches all over the country, espe-
own choice for good or evil. There is no pation of the country by the UN . Upon in- cially in the South. They point to the 73
such thing as collective guilt. vestig ation, however, it was determined black church fire s rec orded since 1995 .
Then there ar e the false con spiracy that many local police agen cies had long However, they negle ct the wh ole story.
theories invol ving the Cath olic Church . been usin g black helicopt ers, as also do Dur ing the sa me period , sco res of white
These were especially ramp ant in the 19th so me U. S . Ar my units, and th at these churc hes have also been burned , and a
ce ntury, and co ntinued th rou gh th e co mpilatio n of the talli es of the last
1920s, but have abated to a sig nifican t six yea rs shows 248 suspic ious fires
degree over the last 30 years in par- at white churc hes, and 161 at black
ticular. Nevertheless, crude, tabl oid- churche s. Fin ally, statistics show that
style broad sides and prepo sterou s such burnings have actu all y declined
leaflets allegin g a con spiracy by dramatically in the last 15 years, from
Catholics to grab control of the United 1,420 in 1980 to 520 in 1994. A "r ac-
State s with divi sion s of Swi ss Gu ards, is t" mot ive may indeed exi st in a
place fanatic al Jesuits in control of the sma ll number of these burn ings, since
media and intern al security, and es- sick peopl e with criminal procli vities
tabli sh a Papal dictatorship in North have always been and always will be
America still sur fa ce from tim e to with us to so me ex tent. But there is
time . An alternative story portrays the not a scrap of ev ide nce to support the
nation ' s priests and mon astic cle rgy assu mptio n th at there ex ists a huge,
as an immense spy netw ork , feedi ng nat ion wide "racist" or " rig ht-wi ng"
information about opponents and the co ns piracy to burn black churc hes .
national defense sys tem to the Vati- Genuine patriots must take care that
can . The material is so obviou sly such leftist fantasies are not employed
-.. E
whimsical in the extreme that one can ~ by politici an s to restrict fu rther the
only marvel at the credulity of the au- ~ co nstitutio nally guaranteed freedo ms
thors and of their followers. ~ of law-ab idin g citizens.
iii
Qj
Authentic co nspiracies have indeed
Black Helicopters L..:...- =-..;;;;.. -"-_=-..:;=- = '--__.... O existed th ro ug ho ut histor y . In fact,
We see then that the study of con- Mysterious black helicopters : One of many ev il has co ns pi re d to subvert good
spiracy invol ves certain hazards. The rumors that have side tracked co nservatives. since Lucifer' s rebe llio n aga inst God .
uncritical mind , when expo sed to the were the aircraft being spotted by alarmed Th at subterranea n rivulet s of intri gue of-
knowledge of conspiracies both anc ient patriots. Whi ch isn't to suggest that citi- ten wind their way tortuou sly beneath the
and modern, will sometimes leap to unju s- zens should not be concerned about the in- surface of public eve nts is an incontest-
tified conclusion s about all of history and creas ing militarization and federalization able aspect of history. Yet , one must be
about all of the event s of our time , seeing of the ir police forces ; rath er , it is to em- ever ca utio us. Gr oundle ss fea rs abo ut
conspiraci es everywhere and believin g phasize that co ncern must be gro unded in imagin ary conspiracies defl ect the honest
virtua lly any rumor. Good ex amples of fact , not rum or.' effo rts of concerned America ns into un-
the products of this und iscerning frame of Anoth er story, circulated on the Inter- who lesome cha nne ls, exc ha ng ing pro -
mind are discussed in Willi am F. Jasper' s net and through various co mputer bulletin duct ive endeavors fo r unp roducti ve or
excellent article, "Fact and Fiction: Sifting board s, insisted that the tow n of Peebl es, co unte rpro duc tive o nes . Mo reo ver, by
Re ality fro m Alarmis t Rumor s," wh ich Oh io, a tiny rural tow n of 1,500 res ide nts, their irres ponsi bili ty such stories und er-
appeared in the October 31, 1994 issue of had actually been occupied by " new world mine the reputations of responsible oppo-
THE NEW AMERICAN. In thi s essay, which order troops" and that town sfolk, suppos- nent s of the new world orde r.
bears careful and re peated reading, we edly "scared to death" by the occupation, The best defense for hone st Americans
see why a healthy skepticism and an in- were bein g required to submit to searches wishin g to remain on the path of truth , and
sistence o n verifiable data are ess entia l of their hom es and cars. But phone ca lls to und erstand the rea l esse nce of co nspira -
in thi s field. Furthermore, we see why by THE NEW AMERICAN to local offici als cies, is to insist that all allegatio ns and
naivete , rashn ess, and hysteri a ca n lead to in the town , and in neighb oring towns, re- theories be backed by verifiable docum en-
embarrass me nt for the people d irectl y in- vea led that absolutely noth ing out of the tation and insure that the documentation
vo lved in di sse rni n ati ng dub io us co n- o rdinary ha d h appened in Peebl e s . In fact , itself is derived fro m c redi b le , re p utah le
spiracy stories, and how the establi shment resid ents of the little town hadn 't ev en sources . •
media can point to such stories as a means heard the rum ors. - FR. JAMES THORNTON

68 THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16. 1996

 THE POWER OF KNOWLEDGE
Our Most Effective Weapon
t is said that as one becomes increa s-
I ingly interested in national and world
affairs, education without action fos-
ters frustration , while action without edu-
cation breeds fanaticism. A proper balance
of both education and action is essential
to effective and responsible citizen ship. It
was to provide such balance that Robert
Welch , convinced that conspiracies can-
not withstand the light of day, founded the
John Birch Society in 1958.
Mr. Welch's own lifelong devotion to
scholarship, which included considerable
travel abroad and deliberations with many
anti-communist world leaders, enabled
him to dig out the truth about the conspira-
torial forces that are working to bind the
planet in a collectivist straightjacket now
commonly termed the "new world order. "
At first Mr. Welch , like other informed
anti-communists of his day , discerned
onl y the communi st arm of the con-
spiracy. But as his understanding grew, he
was forced to conclude that communism
is just one part of a larger conspiracy, that
the principal seat of that conspiracy is in
the West and not the East, and that the
principal dange r is sellout, not fallout.
But even before coming to that realiza-
tion, he displayed an uncanny ability to
"call the shots." He had, for instance , ex-
posed such Marxist luminaries as Yugo-
slavia' s Josif Broz Tito, Cuba's Fidel
Castro, Venezuela's Romulo Betancourt,
Italy 's Giovanni Gronchi, India ' s Jawa-
harlal Nehru , and Indonesia's Sukarno
during a time when they were still being
lionized and lauded by the major media
and U.S. government officials as "freedom
fighters," "moderates," and "democrats."
After freedom fighters rebelled against
Hungary ' s Soviet-controlled government
in 1956, many influential ob servers
cl aimed that the revolution meant the
death knell of communism. Mr. Welch ,
however, sadly predicted that the end re-
sult would be the opposite. He unhesitat-
ingly stated that the revolt had been
deliberately planned and precipitated by
the Soviets themselves, so that they could
cause the underground resistance move-
ments in those countries to surface and
then eliminate them. In the March 1957 is-
sue of his One Man' s Opinion (a predeces-
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
Fidel Castro: Tagged by Robert Welch as a comm unist agent before Cuba coup.
sor to THE NEW AMERICAN), he declar ed:
Vice -President [Richard] Nixon
says that the Hungarian revolt dealt
the Soviet empire a mortal blow
from which it cannot recover. [Syn-
dicated columnist] Holme s Alexan-
der tells his huge newspaper audience
that Soviet power has fallen sprawl-
ing on its face, and will not be able
to get up again. In London , colum-
nist Alexandre Metaxas writes in the
same vein, of "the twilight of the So-
viet system."...
But we do not believe it. We be-
lieve it is exactly the disarming con-
clusion that the Communists have
wanted us to reach .
Subsequent events confirmed the accu-
racy of Mr. Welch ' s analysis.
Ca st ro Com e s t o Pow er
On April 26, 1963, former Pre sident
Dwight D. Eisenhower told newsmen that
"only a genius and a prophet could have
known for sure that Cuban Premier Fidel
Castro was a Communist in the 1950s."
Little did Mr. Eisenhower know that he
was paying high tribute to one of his
harshe st critics .*
Before Ca stro had seized control in
Cuba, Robert Welch had warned in Ameri-
can Opinion for September 1958: "Now
the evidence from Castro's whole past ,
that he is a Communist agent carrying out
Communi st orders and plan s, is over-
whelmin g." Shortl y thereafter, during the
foundin g meeting of the John Birch Soci-
ety, December 8-9, 1958, Mr. Welch said :
" . .. if you have any slightest doubt that
Castro is a Communi st, don't. Ifhe is suc-
cessful, time will clearly reveal that he is
an agent of the Kremlin ."
Castro came to power on January I,
1959 . In a "Dear Reader" letter dat ed
that da y in the January 1959 issue of
Am erican Opinion , Mr. Welch stated in
exasperation :
The criminal irresponsibility of so
much of the American press has
never been shown more clearly than
on thi s very day . Fidel Castro, as
murderous and cunning an agent of
the Kremlin as [Red Chinese dicta-
tor] Mao Tse-tung or [Hungarian
de spot] Jano s Kadar, is right now
taking over Cuba. He has the bless-
* Mr. Welch ' s thoroughly documented critical biog-
raphy of the 34th President , The Politician, is
available in pap erb ack at $7 .95 per copy , plu s
$2 .00 postage/handling. Order from Americ an
Opinion Book Services, P.O. Box 8040, Appleton,
WI 54913.
71
 ing of our gove rnment. Our newspa-
pers are full of headlines and news
stories glorifyin g the event, with
hardly a line to tell us of Castro ' s
Communist connections and support.
Moscow is establi shing a terrifically
important Communist be achhead
right at our shores, without the Ameri-
can pe ople having any chance to
learn thi s truth fro m their papers,
radio, TV , or magazines of lar ge
circulation.
Indeed not. Months after Castro' s as-
cent to power, he was still being glori-
fied as the "Geo rge Wa shin gt on of
Cuba," cla ssified as an anti-Commu-
nist, and otherwi se lauded by such pil-
lar s of the Establishment as Walter
Lippmann, Ralph McGill , Senator r.w.
Fulbright, Newsweek and Look maga-
zines, and the New York Times.
The former he ad of Castro ' s Air
Force, Major Pedro Diaz Lanz, told an
acquaintance foll owing his defection
that if there had been even one chapter
of the John Birch Soc iety in Havana
prior to 1959, working to expose Castro
as Robert Welch was at the time , Cub a
would not have fallen to communism.
Lanz asserted that he and countless oth-
ers fell for Castro because there was no
one to tell them who Castro really was.
Although the warnings rai sed by
Robert Welch were ignored, the epi-
sode neverthel ess represents an accom-
plishment of sorts, in that it placed on
the record earl y confirmation of his
credibility and a classic example of how
the Americ an people have been misled by
the Insiders' uncertain trumpets.
Algeria and Newsweek
As noted, Newsweek was one of the
sources that helped sell the nation on the
notion that Castro was a great guy. In its
April 13, 1959 issue, Newsweek insisted
that Castro "is not himself even remot ely
a Communist , and th at he " is hon est ,
and an hone st government is something
unique in Cub a."
A few months later, Newsweek glorified
yet anoth er suppose d "freedom fighter,"
and Robert Welch again moved to set the
record straight. Communist terrorists were
striving at the time to take over Algeria.
A report on the conflict in Newsweek for
October 12, 1959 glorified an individual
supposedly named "Si Mustaph a," por-
traying him as a North African idealist. In
72
the John Birch Soc iety Bulletin for No- usi ng the phrase "new wor ld order" in
vember 1959, Mr. Welch urged members 1990, it was portrayed as merely a nice-
of the Society to write to Newswee k and sounding expression that he had coined to
point out that "Si Mustapha" was in fact a describe a new era of international coop-
German communist named Muller. eration. Not so! As Mr. Welch had made
At first Newswee k's editors were quite abundantly clear on numerous occa sions,
argumentati ve abo ut the matt er. They the phrase has long been used by Insiders
claim ed that the article mentioning "Si (and others) to refer to their long-sought-
Mustapha" had been carefully checked for after communistic world gove rnment.
accuracy and were emphatic that he could For instance, in the December 1972
not possibly be an East German commu- John Birch Society Bulletin , Mr. Welch
nist. But the Birchers were persistent in bluntly declared that President Rich ard
insisting that the editors delve furth er into
Nixon "is doing eve ry thing he can " to
the matter. On December 15, 1959, Dwight help one communist regime after another
"in every way that he dares and as rap-
idly as he ca n. You ca n soften that
harsh accusation if you wish, by put-
ting it another way . He is working for
a ' new world order. ' "
Similarly, in the March 1975 JBS
Bulletin he warned that "the revamped
United Nations will have all the power
it needs to serve as a tool of merciless
tyranny in the New World Order." In
the April 1976 Bulletin he declared that
"the Insiders of a Master Conspi racy
are daily taking ste ps and exerting
pressures" to, amo ng other things, "un-
dermin e the position, route the forces,
and des troy the wea pons of the anti-
Communi sts who still stand between
them and thei r lon g-proj ected new
world order ." And in the November
1976 Bulletin he expl ained how the In-
siders considered it their "right to com-
mit massive murder - even of their
Welch ale rted Birc h Society members to
ow n servicemen - by financ ing, arm-
communis t advance - and U.S. rol e in it.
ing, and feeding both sides of a long
Norris, representing the editors, stated in and terrible war, as our gove rnment did in
a letter to Mr. Welch : Vietn am , wheneve r the Insiders of the
Conspiracy considered such a war useful
Our editors have been chec ki ng in their plans for a New World Order."
c lose ly wi th intelli ge nce and all Many years before most Americans had
other ava ilable sources into the story eve n heard the term, Mr. Welch's under-
to which you obje cted. And . . . it is standing of the Conspiracy enabled him to
with real embarrassment and concern warn that powerful Insiders intend to es-
that I must agree that we were off tabl ish a " new wo rld order." Now , of
line with this one. course, any American who is willing to
For one thing, there is no question think about what he reads can see the In-
but that Si Mu staph a is indeed , as siders' plans unfold on the front page of
yo u wro te, the German W in fried any newspaper. Mr. Welch passed away
Muller, widely believed to be or to in 1985, but his legacy - the John Birch
have been a Communist. Society - battles on with the recognition
that the Conspiracy cannot withstand the
A co mbination of education and action light of day. Relying on facts and sound
had succeeded in exposing another lie. scholarship, not rumor or overstatement,
the Birch Society has been highly effec-
Mr. Bush's New World Order tive in awake ning others to the conspira-
After President George Bush, a former torial threat facing America. •
member and director of the CFR, began - R OBERT W. L EE
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMB ER 16, 1996
 An Annotated Bibliography
he problem with documenting the existence of a Master Con-
T spiracy is certainly not one of a lack of evidence. If anything,
the challenge is dealing with such vast, cumbersome , and
time-consuming research material, and then communicating a con-
cise summary of the thesis clearly and convincingly.
There are mountains of evidence, which can be organized in three
standard categories: Primary source material, consisting of original
documents, diaries, records , correspondence, and physical evidence
from the persons directly involved in the events; contemporary
source accounts written about the events close to the time they oc-
curred; and secondary source material, which is overwhelmingly the
easiest to obtain, consisting of accounts written much later.
Unless a secondary source utilizes verifiable primary or contem-
porary sources, its content proves little more than the opinion of the
author. This is true not only of many so-called "conspiracy" books
in recent decades, but also of many mainstream histories and biog-
raphies . In this bibliography we have concentrated on primary and
contemporary sources, using more available secondary sources only
when they contain and cite the original source material. Many of
the original sources are available in major national, university, and
private libraries, and some are available in recent reprint editions .
They can also be searched by antiquarian book dealers . Several of
the titles still in print are advertised in this issue on the inside front
cover (designated by an "*") and page 62 C't ").
I. Order of the Illuminati
The original published form of the Order 's papers include: Einige
Originalschriften des Illuminatenordens (Munich, 1787); Nachtrag
von weiteren Originalschriften (Munich, 1787); and Die neuesten
Arbeiten des Spartacus und Philo in dem Illuminatenorden (Munich ,
1794). Published collections of the Illuminati papers include : Rich-
ard van Di.iImen, ed., Der Geheimbund der Illuminaten (Stuttgart-
Bad Cann statl: Fro rnmann-Holzboog, 1977); and Henry Coston, La
Conjuration des Illumines (Paris : La Librairie Francaise, 1979).
Two contemporary works which utilized the original documents
were : John Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy Against All the Reli-
gions and Governments of Europe* (New York : George Forman,
1798; reprint edition, Boston: Western Islands, 1967); and Abbe
Augustin Barruel's Memoirs Illustrating the History ofJacobinism ,
4 vols. (London: T. Burton, 1797-1798) . Barruel 's study presents a
much more detailed and more persuasively written account than
Robison ' s, and this very important work is now back in print in a
single volume, after being unavailable for over a century .*
Nesta H. Webster's World Revolution (Boston : Small, Maynard
and Co., 192 1) offers the most important secondary general history
on this subject. The revised and updated edition published by Brit-
ons (Devon , England, 1971) contains an index and bibliography, as
well as the important corrections Webster made prior to her death
in 1960. Webster's Secret Societies and Subversive Movements
(London: Boswell , 1924) is also very important, but unfortunately
the last two chapters were never revised.
James H. Billington's Fire in the Minds of Men: The Origins of
the Revolutionary Faith (New York : Basic Books, 1980) presents a
copiously researched history of revolutionary politics, beginning
with the Illuminati. Billington, who is presently the Librarian of
Congress, is a respectable scholar whose finding s cannot be dis-
missed as "right-wing" fantasies.
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
II. French Revolution and Napoleon
The article "Croquis ou Project de Revolution de Monsieur de
Mirabeau" from Mystiires de la Conspiration (Paris 1791), and "Les
Idees de Mirabeau sur la Franc-Maconnerie" from Revolution
Francoise (October 1882) and (as translated by H.C. Bruce Wilson)
Mirabeau's Scheme for the Political Penetration of Freemasonry
(Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, vol. LVII, 1944, pp.
138- 148) represent two primary sources in which the IJIuminist
Mirabeau expressed a plan to use French freemasonry to bring about
a revol ution.
Essai sur la Secte des Illumines (Paris , 1789) was written anony -
mously by the Marquis de Luchet in 1788 to warn that the Illumi-
nati intended to use French freemasonry to foment the revolution
which occurred after the book was published. Nesta H. Webster' s
The French Revolution: A Study in Democracy (London: Constable,
1919), a master work documented with primary sources, reads like
a textbook of subversive tactics that have been carried out ever
since . Other valuab le insights and detai ls are found in Webster' s
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Before the Revolution (London :
Constable, 1936), and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette During the
Revolution (London: Constable, 1937).
J.E.S . Tuckett's study "Napoleon I. and Freemasonry," from
Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge (vol. XXVII, 1914)
offers evidence that Napoleon was initiated into French lodges con-
trolled by the Illuminati. The fashion in which the Illuminati used
and then disposed of Napoleon is examined in the three-volume
work Les Societes Secretes et la Societ e by N. Desc hamps and
Claudio Jannet (Avignon: Fr. Seguin Aine , 1876), much of which is
summarized in English in The War of the Antichrist with the Church
and Christian Civilization by Msgr. George F. Dillon (Dublin: M.H .
Gill & Son, 1885). This very important work has been reprinted
(with an inaccurate preface) as Grand Orient Freemasonry Un-
masked as the Secret Power Behind Communism (London: Britons ,
1965).
Those who are new to the Master Conspiracy thesis might con-
sult Rev. Clarence Kelly 's study Conspiracy Against God and Man*
(Boston: Western Islands, 1969), which provides a scholarly but ac-
cessible examination of the Illuminati and the French Revolution.
III. Survival and Continuity of the Illuminati
Authenticated reproductions of correspondence among Weis-
haupt's agents up until 1814 are available in Benjamin Fabre's Un
lnitie des Societes Secretes superieures "Franciscus, Eques A
Capite Galeato" 1753-1814, Portrait et Do cuments inedits
Nombreuses reprodu ctions en Photogravure, Preface de Copin-
Albancelli (Paris: La Renaissance Francaise, 1913).
The role of Italian illuminist Fillippo Buonarroti in continuing
Weishaupt's work is examined in Memoirs of the Secret Societies
of the South of Italy, Particularly the Carbonari, Translated from
the Original Ms. (London : John Murray , 1821) and J. Cret ineau-
Joly 's two-volume L 'Eglise Romaine en face de la Revolution
(Paris: Pion, 1860), as well as in The First Professional Revolution-
ist : Filippo Mi chele Buonarroti, 1761 -183 7 by Elizabeth L.
Eisenstein (Cambr idge: Harvard, 1959), and Arthur Lehning's es-
say "Buonarroti and His International Secret Societies" in the Inter-
national Review of Social History (1956), Vol. I, pp. 112-140.
Scholarly treatments of the Illuminati's continuing influence upon
73
France can be found in The Cradle of Rebellions: A History of the
Secret Societies of France by Lucien de la Hodde (New York: John
Bradburn, 1864); French Freemasonry and the Third Republic by
Mildred Headings (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press , 1949); and La
Republique du Grand Orient by Henry Coston (Paris: La Librairie
Francaise, 1976).
IV. Communist Movement: Illuminist Spawn
The Utopian Communist: A Biography of Wilhelm Weitling, Nine-
teenth-Century Reformer by Carl Wittke (Baton Rouge: Louisiana
State University Press, 1950) illustrates the pivotal role of the
"League of the Just" in the transition from Weishaupt's Illuminati
to the 19th century communist movement. This is also documented
in Karl Marx: The Red Pruss ian by Leopold Schwartzchild (New
York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1947).
The continuation of conspiratorial efforts to use terrorism and as-
sassination is documented in Anarchy and Anarchists by Michael J.
Shaack (Chicago: F.J. Schulte, 1889). Recently reprinted in hard-
back, Shaack's book is an exhaustive history of the Chicago
Haymarket Square bombing in 1886 and its background in illumi-
nist-dominated European radical politics.
V . Nazism's lIIuminst Origins
Rudolf von Sebottendorff's Bevor Hitler Kam (Munich, 1934) is
a valuable contemporary account. Details of the Nazi movement's
occulticlilluminist roots are found in Hitler et les societes secretes:
Enquete sur les sources occultes du nazisme by Rene Alleau (Paris:
Editions Bernard Grasser, 1969) . Other studies include The Occult
and the Third Reich by Jean-Michel Angebert (New York:
MacMillan, 1974); and Satan and Swastika, The Occult and the Nazi
Party by Francis King (St. Albans, Herts: Mayflower, 1976). The
crucial linkages between Soviet Communism and German National
Socialism are documented in Cecil F. Melville's The Russian Face
of Germany (London: Wishart, 1932) and Jan Valtiu's Out of the
Night (New York: Alliance, 1944).
VI. World War I and the League of Nations
How Diplomats Make War (New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1921) by
Francis Neilson and How the War Came by The Earl Loreburn
(London: Methuen & Company, 1919) offer detailed accounts of
diplomatic plotting in the buildup to WWl. Compelling explorations
of the duplicity that entangled the U.S. in WWI can be found in
America Goes to War by Charles Callan Tansill (Boston: Little
Brown, 1938) and Colin Simpson's groundbreaking expose, The
Lusitania (Boston: Little Brown, 1972).
Detailed first-person recollections of "Colonel" Edward Mandell
House, one of the principal plotters, have been compiled in Intimate
Papers of Colonel House , Charles Seymour, ed . (New York: Hough-
ton Mifflin, 1928, 4 vols.). Philip Dru: Administrator, A Story of
Tomorrow, 1920-1935 (New York: B.W . Huebsch, 1912), published
anonymously by House, offers the arch-conspirator's blueprint for
socialist reforms of America's political system and the creation of a
"League of Nations." La Dictature de la Franc -Maconnerie sur la
France, Documents by A.G. Michel (Paris: Editions Spes, 1924)
documents the Illuminist origin of the League of Nations.
VII . The Bolshevik Coup in Russia
Edgar Sisson's One Hundred Red Days: A Personal Chronicle of
the Bolshevik Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1931)
is a valuable firsthand account of the Bolshevik conspiracy in ac-
tion. Another riveting account is found in Stefan A. Possony's A
Century of Conflict (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1953).
74
George Katkov's study "German Foreign Office Documents on
Financial Support to the Bolsheviks in 1917" in International Af-
fairs, vol. 32, no. 2 (April 1956) and Wall Street and the Bolshevik
Revolution by Antony Sutton (Westport, CT: Arlington House,
1974) document early Western support for the Russian communists.
Both sources present the evidence, rather than the conclusions, of
the respective authors.
VIII . New Deal and Soviet Infil tration of Executive
Branch
Wall Street and F.D.R. by Antony C. Sutton (New Rochelle, NY:
Arlington House, 1975) and "Hearings, House of Representatives,
Select Committee to Investigate Certain Statements of Dr. William
Wirt," 73rd Congress, 2nd Session, April 10 and 17, 1934 (Wash-
ington: Government Printing Office, 1934) provide crucial back-
ground to the collectivist revolution brought about by FDR.
Valuable background to this revolution is found in G. Edward
Griffin's monumental The Creature From Jekyll Island, A Second
Look at the Federal Reserve* (Westlake, CA: American Media,
1994).
The Web of Subversion by James Burnham (Boston: Western Is-
lands, 1965) and Red Scare or Red Menace? American Communism
and Anticommunism in the Cold War Era by John E. Haynes (Chi -
cago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996) document the reality of Soviet infiltration
of the Executive Branch, which began in earnest during the New
Deal.
IX. Bringing on World War II
David Irving's Churchill's War (New York: Avon Books, 1991)
may be the most important and best documented study of this topic
by one of the outstanding historians of the century. Extraordinary
insights are also found in Francis Neilson's The Churchill Legend
(Appleton, WI: c.c. Nelson, 1954), The Makers of War (Appleton,
WI: c.c. Nelson, 1950), and his major five-volume work, The Trag-
edy of Europe , A Commentary on the Second World War, 1938-1945
(Appleton, WI: C.C. Nelson, 1940-1946).
The complicity of FDR's administration in the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor is documented in Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its After-
math by John Toland (Garden City, NY : Doubleday, 1982) . Many
earlier works proved that the Roosevelt Administration not only en-
couraged Japan to attack in order to have an excuse to enter the war
but knew in advance about Pearl Harbor. Those works include Per-
petual War For Perpetual Peace, Harry Elmer Barnes, ed.
(Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1953) and Back Door to War, The Roosevelt
Foreign Policy, 1933-1941 by Charles Callan Tansill (Chicago:
Henry Regnery, 1952).
The role of Western Insiders in catapulting Hitler to power is the
subject of Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler by Antony C. Sutton
(Seal Beach, CA: ' 76 Press, 1976).
X. The United Nations and the New World Order
Primary source documentation of explicit plans of top U.S . offi-
cials to submerge the U.S . under a UN-run world government can
be found in Freedom From War: The United States Program for
General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World, Depart-
ment of State Publication 7277 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govern-
ment Printing Office, 1961), and A World Effectively Controlled by
the United Nations by Lincoln P. Bloomfield (Washington, DC: In-
stitute for Defense Analyses, 1962).
Agenda 21: The Earth Summit Strategy to Save Our Planet ed-
ited by Daniel Sitarz (Boulder, CO: Earthpress, 1993) provides the
text of the UN's proposal for planetary eco-tyranny and enthusiasti-
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
 cally endorses it as "an array of actions which are intended to be
implemented by every person on earth," and a plan which "will re-
quire a profound reorientation of all human society, unlike anything
the world has ever experienced."
The mass murder of civilians in Katanga by UN "peacekeepers"
is documented in 46 Angry Men by the 46 civilian doctors of
Elizabethville (Belmont: American Opinion, 1962) and Rebels, Mer-
cenaries and Dividends : The Katanga Story by Chicago Daily News
correspondent Smith Hempstone (New York : Frederick A. Praeger,
1962).
Our Global Neighborhood: The Report of The Commission on
Global Governance (Oxford University Press, 1995) presents de-
tailed plans for equipping the UN with taxing authority, a battle-
ready military, an international criminal court with mandatory
jurisdiction over individuals, and every other attribute of a fully-
functioning world government.
Three amply documented critical studies of the UN are The Fear-
ful Master, A Second Look at the United Nations by G. Edward Grif-
fin (Boston: Western Islands, 1964), Global Tyranny ... Step By
Stept by William F. Jasper (Appleton, WI: Western Islands , 1992),
and Freedom on the Altart by William Norman Grigg (Appleton,
WI: Western Islands, 1995).
XI. Domestic and Foreign Policy Elite
Carroll Quigley's mammoth historical study Tragedy and Hope*
(New York: MacMillan, 1966) includes a frank discussion of the
"anglophile network" which links the Council on Foreign Relations
to world-government-promoting elites worldwide, including the
communists. A detailed and documented history of that network is
offered in Quigley's The Anglo-American Establishment* (New
York: Books in Focus, 1981) and Walter Nimock's Milner's Young
Men: The "kindergarten" in Edwardian Imperial Affairs (Durham,
NC: Duke University Press, 1968).
William H. McIlhany II's The Tax-Exempt Foundations (New
Rochelle: Arlington House, 1980) contains the only in-depth cover-
age of the findings of Norman Dodd, Research Director of the Reece
Committee congressional investigation from 1953-54, including the
roles played by Wayne Hays, former CIA Director William Casey
and, regrettably, Rene Wormser in sabotaging the investigation. The
Shadows of Power: The Council on Foreign Relations and the
American Decline * by James Perloff (Appleton, WI: Western Is-
lands, 1988) uses the CFR's own publications and official history in
compiling a compelling indictment of the group.
XII. Maintenance and Expansion of Communist
Power Since 1917
Antony C. Sutton's three-volume Western Technology and Soviet
Economic Development, 1917-1965 (Stanford: Hoover Institution,
1968-1973) details the total dependency of the Soviet Union on
Western aid and technology, most of that from the United States or
subsidized by U.S. taxpayers. This work was summarized and up-
dated in his books National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet
Union (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1974) and The Best
Enemy Money Can Buy (Billings, Montana: Liberty House , 1986).
Other important sources include: From Major Jordan's Diaries
by Maj. George Racey Jordan (Boston: Western Islands, 1965); Red
Carpet by Joseph Finder (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston,
1983); Vodka Cola by Charles Levinson (London: Gordon and
Cremonesi, circa 1978); and East Minus West = Zero by Werner
Keller (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1962). The bloody results
of this relationship are on display in RJ. Rummel's Lethal Politics:
Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917 (New Brunswick,
THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996
NJ: Transaction, 1990) and China 's Bloody Century: Genocide and
Mass Murder Since 1900 (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1991).
XIII. Communist Strategy for Conquest
The comprehensive Soviet blueprint for world revolution was set
forth in Moscow on September 1, 1928 as the Program of the Com-
munist International Adopted At Its 6th Congress, and has been fol-
lowed religiously by the Soviet strategists for nearly 70 years . This
document can be found in The Communist International: Docu-
ments, Vol. 2: 1923-1948, edited by Jane Degras (New York : F.
Cass Co., 1971).
Rabbi Marvin Antelman's To Eliminate the Opiate (New York:
Zahavia, 1974) explores the illuminist/communist subversion of tra-
ditional Judaism. Mary Ball Martinez's The Undermining of the
Catholic Church (Published by the author, second edition, address:
Amsterdam 99-501, Mexico, D.F., 06100, Mexico , 1991) examines
the subversion of Catholicism.
The effort to foment racial antagonisms is explored in Alan
Stang's It's Very Simple: The True StOlYof "Civil Rights " (Boston:
Western Islands, 1965) and William H. McIlhany II's Klandestine:
The Untold Story ofDelmar Dennis and His Role in the F.B.I. 's War
Against the Ku Klux Klan (New Rochelle : Arlington House, 1975).
The Soviet KGB international terrorist network is the subject of
Histoire Secrete des Organisations Terroristes , 4 vols . (Geneve:
Editions Famot, 1976) by Pierre deViliemarest; The Terror Network
(New York: Holt , Rinehart & Winston , 1981), The Time of the As-
sassins (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1983), and Thieves '
World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), all by Claire Sterling;
Red Cocaine by Joseph D. Douglas (Atlanta, GA: Clarion House,
1990); and Terrorism: The Soviet Connection by Ray S. Cline and
Yonah Alexander (New York: Crane Russak, 1984).
XIV. U.S. Foreign Policy After 1945: Promoting
Communism Everywhere
Ambassador Arthur Bliss Lane 's I Saw Poland Betrayed (New
York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1948) was suppressed immediately upon pub-
lication. A similar effort was made to spike Robert Welch's critical
profile of Dwight Eisenhower, The Politician (Boston: Belmont
Publishing, 1964). Alan Stang's The Actor: The True Story of John
Foster Dulles (Boston: Western Islands, 1968) and Hilaire du
Berrier 's Background to Betrayal: The Tragedy of Yietnam (Bos-
ton: Western Islands, 1965) provide elaborate background on the
perfidy of America's ruling elite. Earl E.T. Smith's The Fourth
Floor (New York : Random House, 1962) details the betrayal of
Cuba, and Nicaragua Betrayed (Boston : Western Islands, 1980) by
Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox documents the nearly identical be-
trayal of Nicaragua.
XV. Glasnost and Perestroika: The KGB's Massive
Deception Since 1989
Anatoliy Golitsyn 's New Lies For Old* (New York: Dodd, Mead,
1984) and The Perestroika Deception * (London & New York : Ed-
ward Harle Ltd., 1995) are indispensable for an understanding of
the ongoing Soviet "reforms." Edward J. Epstein's Deception: The
Invisible War Between the KGB and the CIA (New York: Simon
and Schuster, 1989) is another valuable source . Since 1991, Soviet
Analyst journal, edited and published by Christopher Story ($350
for 10 issues per year from : World Reports Limited , 108 Horseferry
Road, London SWIP 2EF), has provided detailed analysis of Soviet
disinformation strategy written from the perspective of Anatoliy
Golitsyn . •
- WILLIAM H. McILHANY
75
 WINNING THE WAR

We Can Save Our Nation!

Small groups of activists will always suc-
ceed against disorganized and apathetic
majorities. No one knows this better than
the conspirators themselves. It won't take
millions to stop them, but it will take more
than are involved today. If everyone who
is aware helps another to understand; if the
newly informed also awaken others; and
if many of them come together in an ef-
fective action program to expose the Con-
spiracy, the tide of battle will be turned.
• There are more than enough good
people in our nation to accomplish this

76 THE NEW AMERICAN / SEPTEMBER 16, 1996