HEAAADERLOGORIGHT

GENERAL ENGLISH · GENERAL ISSUES · INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

LONGEVITY

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1 Warm-up

What do you think is important for a long healthy life?

2 Health and well-being

Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:

1. longevity a. extremely fat

2. premature b. happening too soon

3. life expectancy c. having more body weight than normal

4. overweight d. how long you are likely to live

5. obese e. living for a long time

6. well-being f. rich

7. neighborhood g. the area of a town or city where you live

8. wealthy h. the state of feeling happy and healthy

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INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

LONGEVITY

3 Find the information

Complete the average number of years that each of the following lifestyles and behaviors add to a
person’s life expectancy according to the ‘research’ in the article, and write down the reasons given:

a. Eating chocolate

1 year (antioxidants in dark chocolate)

................................................................................................
b. Eating less meat

................................................................................................
c. Keeping active

................................................................................................
d. College education (men)

................................................................................................
e. Education (women)

................................................................................................
f. Golf

................................................................................................
g. Not smoking

................................................................................................
h. Marriage (men)

................................................................................................
i. Marriage (women)

................................................................................................
j. Living in the right neighborhood

................................................................................................

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INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)
LONGEVITY
How to live to 114 (in theory)
Doctors can now tell us which habits may extend our lives - and just how much extra time they give
us.
By Roger Dobson, Tuesday, October 21st, 2008
1.
New research shows exactly how many years longer
people can live by adopting healthy behaviors - from
stopping smoking and losing weight to eating less
meat and being positive.
2.
Studies have suggested that dark chocolate is good
for the heart and may boost longevity. Research
based on Harvard graduates showed that people who
eat chocolate lived a year or so longer than those
who do not. Those who ate one to three bars a
month came out best with a 36 percent lower risk
of premature death. Antioxidants, especially in dark
chocolate, may be responsible.
3.
Diets with low levels of meat and vegetarian diets
have been linked to lower risk of premature death.
A review of research by public health specialists at
Loma Linda University in America looked at the life
expectancy of those who rarely ate meat and found
that sticking to such a diet added 3.6 years to a
person’s life. The health effect may be due to lower
saturated fat intake and higher antioxidant levels as a
consequence of eating more fruit and vegetables.
4.
Moderate to high levels of activity can extend life by
between 1.3 and 3.7 years. Researchers at Erasmus
University in the Netherlands say the main reason is
the beneficial effect that physical activity has on the
heart. People who do exercise are also less likely to
be overweight and more likely to have a better quality
of life.
5.
Highly educated women can expect to live more
than five years longer than less educated women,
while men with a college degree have an extra 7.8
years, according to a Harvard University study. One
explanation is the adoption of healthier lifestyles, and
one of the biggest differences was in heart disease
rates.
6.
Research at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden shows
that golfers live five years longer. The study shows a
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40 percent reduced risk of a premature death. The
health benefits of exercise and companionship may
be the reason.
7.
Losing weight can add as much as seven years to a
person’s life. A team at Oxford University showed
that people who are obese at the age of 40 died, on
average, seven years earlier.
8.
Not smoking adds up to 10 years to life. A team at
the University of Helsinki found that those who had
never smoked lived an average 10 years longer than
those who smoked more than 20 a day. Research
on men in New Zealand showed that 50 percent
of smokers die prematurely, and that they die 14
years earlier than non-smokers. Heart disease and
cancer are among the biggest killers. The good
news for smokers is that it is never too late to give
up, According to the US National Institute on Drug
Abuse, a 35-year-old man who quits smoking will
increase his life expectancy by 5.1 years on average.
9.
According to a Chicago University report, married
men live, on average, 10 years longer than non-
married men, while married women live about four
years longer than non-married women. One theory is
that married men adopt less risky and more healthy
lifestyles as a result of the commitment that marriage
brings. Married women may live longer due to
improved financial well-being. However, one Swiss
study found that being married shortens a woman’s
life by 1.4 years, possibly because of the stress of
living with a man.
10.
Wealthy people live longer than the poor. One
of the clearest contrasts was found by Baltimore
health officials in the US. In poor neighborhoods, the
average life expectancy was 63 years, in contrast to
83 years in wealthy suburbs.
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INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

LONGEVITY

4 Lifestyle phrases

Match the verbs on the left with the words on the right to form phrases from the text:

1. stick to a. a healthier lifestyle

2. adopt b. a healthy diet

3. quit c. exercise

4. be d. married

5. lose e. positive

6. do f. smoking

7. get g. weight

5 Explaining and speculating

Look at the following sentence from the text:

Antioxidants, especially in dark chocolate, may be responsible.

The underlined structure is used for speculating on the reason for something. Find similar expressions
in paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9.

Complete the following sentences using the expressions from this exercise:

1. Research shows that older adults perform better at college than younger adults.
that older people tend to have more motivation because they have had to experience life’s difficulties.
2. Traffic accidents tend to happen more often on Fridays than other days. This
end-of-week tiredness and heavy traffic.
3. Sharks do not often eat the humans that they attack. that the human body does
not provide the high-energy fat that sharks need.
4. James failed his driving test poor preparation.
5. Many people lose their memories when they get older. The loss of "synapses" or connections
between brain cells .
6. The average sea level around the world is rising. global warming.
7. Mark’s computer has been operating very slowly recently, a virus.
8. People from southern Europe are often very cheerful. the warm and sunny
weather.
9. Some people are obese despite not eating too much. Genetic factors .
10. The economy is doing badly this year the financial crisis.

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LONGEVITY

6 Talking point

What do you think of the research findings in the article?

Is the life expectancy in your country high or low? What are the reasons for this?
Is it good to live to a very old age?

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TEACHER MATERIALS · INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

LONGEVITY

Key

1. Warm-up

Possible answers include: keep active, have a healthy diet, reduce stress, live in a country which has a high standard
of living, have good genes, etc.

2. Health and well-being

1. e 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. a 6. h 7. g 8. f

3. Find the information

a. -
b. 3.6 years (lower saturated fat intake, higher antioxidant levels)
c. 1.3-3.7 years (good for the heart, less likely to become obese)
d. 7.8 years (adoption of a healthier lifestyle)
e. 5 years (adoption of a healthier lifestyle)
f. 5 years (exercise and companionship)
g. 10 years (reduced risk of cancer and heart disease)
h. 10 years (adoption of less risky and healthier lifestyle)
i. 4 years (financial well-being)
j. 20 years (wealthy people live longer)

4. Lifestyle phrases

1. b 2. a 3. f 4. e 5. g 6. c 7. d

5. Explaining and speculating

... may be due to ...; ... as a consequence of ... (formal) (P3)

the main reason is ... (P4)
One explanation is ... (P5)
... may be the reason (P6)
One theory is that ... (P9)
... due to ...; ... possibly because of ... (P9)

Possible answers:
1. One explanation is/One theory is
2. may be due to
3. The main reason is/One explanation is/One theory is
4. due to/as a consequence of
5. may be the reason/may be responsible
6. The main reason is
7. possibly because of
8. The main reason is/One explanation is/One theory is
9. may be the reason/may be responsible
10. due to/as a consequence of

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