Name: Aman Tair

Roll no: 2017-nca-arch-343

Dept: Architecture

Subject: Project Management/ 4th year

2. Name the two project delivery modes. Explain in detail of the popular project
delivery mode in Pakistan?
These delivery modes are as follows:

1. Design- Tender/Bid- Build

2. Design- Build

While the latter isn’t conventional, the former is a more popular delivery mode in Pakistan. This includes
different levels involving Design, Bidding and construction phase. During this sequence the developer’s
design and construction is carried out by a variety of entities.

DESIGN STAGE: The client engages in a consultation with an architect or engineer and describes the
detailed requirements. Following the schematic layouts, prepared for discussion and further alterations
and modifications by the client. After approval, this preliminary scheme is signed off. Hence, the
consultant approaches the design development stage which engages consultants for an assortment of
services including external treatments like landscaping and internal connections of municipal, electrical,
gas, tele-communication and HVAC. The design phase I is closed by proceeding towards the construction
document stage. During the design phase II, working drawings and relative details are etched as the
consultant prepares the tender documents. They comprise of general instructions such as the form of
tenders & appendices and mobilization. Advanced payments are secured and particular conditions
disclosed. Technical specifications such as the bill of quantities and render drawings are shared.

TENDER/ BIDDING STAGE: The bidding stage acts a mediation between the initial vision and the final
outcome as a diligent workforce has to be recruited during this process. Consultant hands notices for
the pre- qualification process to which contractors apply. They are then short-listed on their eligibility.
Tender documents are issued to the candidates along with specified instructions. Clarification issues are
sought out in bidding meetings which are piled into addendums. Sealed bids are received and opened in
the representatives’ presence. Bids are examined and recommendations, allotted to the complete but
low cost bid. A letter of award is allocated to the contractor which marks the commencement of work
on site as soon as advance payments are made

CONSTRUCTION STAGE: The contractor’s unit is mobilized on the site, proceeding for site preparation.
Site accesses, security, health and safety measures are undertaken as per standards. An allotted period
of drawing studies is requested which includes numerous meetings and modifications. Materials are
brought on site, the engineer’s and contractor’s presence and site facilities ensure the smooth running
of the work. Temporary chores and machinery may be required as part of the building process. Nearby
interventions such as traffic diversion, barricades and scaffolding may be erected to ensure the
construction footprint. But all in all, the project co-ordination is what that compasses towards its
completion. A synergy of cooperation and understanding is required between related contractors.
Finally the clearance site is preceded, resulting in the inspection and the handover procedures, sealing
the closure to yet another project.

3. You want to set up a sole proprietorship to work as building contractor and for
undertaking the construction of high rise office building projects only. List down
all you would need in terms of manpower, tools, machinery and equipment to run
it as successful business set-up.
SPACE: The office setup has to comprise of a considerable space since the scope of work is magnified on
the scale of high rises. A reception area, allied with facilities like kitchenette, washrooms and
miscellaneous storage spaces have to be demarcated. Working areas for Architects, engineers and
draftsperson need to be incorporated into the whole layout.

MANPOWER

Receptionist: Alerted at all times, the receptionist sets the initial impression of a professional firm. From
attending calls, to arranging appointments, greeting clients, minding vendors and menial chores, the
receptionist clears off basic tasks at a primary level.

Office manager: The Office manager intermediates between the core team and the daily routine. Along
with streamlining the firm’s workflow, the former assists with explaining the scope of services, phases,
relative high rises and how charges will be made accordingly.

Accounts manager: Their position pertain developing strategic logics, required to upkeep the financial
stature and bookkeeping economic cash flows. An understanding of the client’s budget and deriving
feasible wages will strengthen the company’s outlook.

Office clerk: Designated to operate as a multifunction professional, the clerk encounters different roles
from printing to plotting, handling data, typing, scanning, posting and arranging the company’s stock (in
terms of material palettes and project files). His title may be viewed as minor, but his presence is
inevitably essential.

Janitor/Tea boy: This dual role may be performed by a single person, the janitor or tea boy adds to the
maintenance and hospitability of the office.

Consultants: Legal assistant, Architect, Cost estimator, material procurement manager, Structural,
Mechanical, Electrical engineers form an imperative group as they apply their technical abilities to erect
the architect’s vision.

Construction supervisory staff: The site unit deals with reality figures, managing the ongoing project,
monitoring the quality of work and supervising and limiting any errors during the construction phase.
Quantity surveyor: Compiling numeric data with design features, the quantity surveyor lists down
required ratios and respective costs aligned to the proposed design.

Draftsperson: Their lines base the foundation of the whole project. Precision and meticulous attention to
detail is required for a draftsman’s eye. Their services include making set of multiple drawings and
revision and correction of onsite implications.

Contractor: Binding the entire firm, the Contractor is seen as a core representative, translating the
received drawing from the architect into factual reality, supervising the whole company and making sure
the staff’s voice is heard at all times.

TOOLS: Critical thinking, Leadership, Strategy, Team, stress and time management, decision making,
communication and human resources.

MACHINERY: Plotters, printers, scanning devices, desktop computers, drafting and modeling systems,
construction equipment, Tower cranes, scaffolding, mixers, concrete pumps, rollers, drillers etc.

EQUIPMENT: Furniture comprising of desks, tables, seating, drafting tables, storage racks, organizing
cabinets, kitchen appliances, plotting, printing and scanning devices,

4. Explain in detail, what is Pre-Qualification Process and why it is carried out prior
to the award of a job for construction? Will you carry out a pre-Qualification for
the selection of an Architect for the planning & designing of an Educational
campus?
The Pre-Qualification process enters the delivery mode during the first phase of bidding. During this
stage the requirements are disclosed among competing contractors. This involves a larger stake of
various firms to bid for the project. The proposal details are cross checked against the submitted tenders
and the design team scrutinizes an appropriate candidate through the former process.

If the bidding market is concentrated, the consultation group has a broader assortment to choose from.
Contractors are judged based on former projects which credit to their experience but don’t necessarily
allude to quality outcomes. Assessments are relied on their current financial position and professional
work ethics. Studies are drawn through previous projects about the site conditions, health and safety
factors, and prioritizing construction standards. Risks are evaluated and a collective agreement is
concluded towards hiring an optimum tender.

But the factor of spontaneous events follows no bounds; one can’t predict unfortunate events preceding
the construction phase. Such scenarios can only be calculated beforehand to minimize any potential
threats. Hence the unpredictability of the pre-qualification process remains parallel to its many benefits.

As an architect, one may decisively gallop to the criteria of the Pre-Qualification process. And although
this step is crucial in plotting out the design vision, certain rules must be amended, suiting to a particular
scenario. For designing an educational campus, the bidding contractors must pre-qualify the following
requirements:

 Portfolio including a former educational campus

 Financial position of the mentioned candidates
 Synchronization with other sub-contractors during the construction phase
 Quality check, abiding by international standards
 Timely delivered projects
 Adaptable to amendments during the construction phase
 Managerial skills, and
 Adequate work ethics.

6. Write short description

Project life cycle

The project life cycle consisting of four primary stages; they are as follows

Initiation, Planning, Execution, Closure.

Bid document
A proposed set of deliverables presented in an ongoing tender process is referred to as a bid document.
This Document acts as a representation from a specific contractor for the bidding of a project. It is
reviewed by respective consultants who examine it through the pre- qualification process.

Private limited company

Such an organizational system contributes of two or more shareholders. Their liability depends upon the
investment in the whole company. Various stakeholders can either contribute as inventors or denote
managerial posts. Strict by-laws are embedded in private limited companies such as the purchase and
selling of shares, no. of investors and ownership restrictions to prevent conflicting scenarios.

Gantt chart
Gantt charts are a pictorial representation of laying out various factors comprising a project’s schedule.
They establish sequential relationships between different phases and determine their feasibility in the
project’s long run. Gantt chart eases the monotonous numeric facts into an enhanced visual vocabulary.

Construction document drawings

Construction drawings Link the hypothetical design to construction phase. These documents are the
initial drafts required at site and comprising of detailed layouts and important notes necessary to carry
out the construction phase. They generally include floor plans, sections, elevations, joinery detail, door
& window schedules, reinforcement description and excavation plans.

5. Explain in detail, “Closure” the last phase of the project life cycle.
The closure precedes the Execution phase and concludes the project to the required end. It consists of
two stages:

 Closure Report, and

 Post Implementation Review.

The former report identifies the project completion criteria and lists any pending activities or
deliverables included in the project proposal. These outstanding tasks are then catered to (if any).
Generally, overdue projects are results of poor project management, or conflicting coordination
between different parties. Such events may lead to an unprofessional profile.

Ensuring that the contractor has abided by the legal tender process and fulfilled the required task, a
deliverable plan is created for passing to the client. These documents may include various strategies
required to manifest the project, the different stages it contained and how the project manager
maintained the overall progress. Additional modifications are pointed and corresponding finances are
mentioned to the covering of such amendments. A detailed sequence is brought up into graphical form
as part of the report, to illustrate the S curve, and how numerous units were aligned for its formation.
Gantt charts, line graphs and pie charts are usually jelled in with the presentation document. Cost
savings, Risk coverage and potential influxes are highlighted. They must explain any delay in completion
time. Any ingenious project manager will have the ability to rein former traits with experience and
applying various tactics.

As project nears conclusion, Retailing lines and supplier contracts are closed off and agreements ended;
releasing project resources to the business and therefore, communicating the closure of the project.

The post Implementation review measures the benefits and objectives while figuring out the scope of
project. This review contains the aforementioned project documentation report as a physical entity,
recording the mentioned facts. Quality check teams monitor the delivered project, assessing the defined
tasks. They critically review the proposal’s worth against the final outcome. For better explanation, a
report is classified and attached along the closure documents. This review illustrates the overall
performance of the project sequence. Comparisons are made and lessons learned during these sessions.
Such reports play an essential role in enhancing the workflow for future projects.

Finally, the project is handled over to the consultation team, along with closure reports. As part of the
legal binding, the owners can fire a writ against the contractors if deliverables go unplanned. If there
aren’t any, the consultancy signs away the project, sealing the agreement between the contractor and
client.