BÀI 10 CÂU GIÁN TIẾP (Indirect sentences)

Câu gián tiếp: Là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng hoàn toàn những
từ mà người nói đã sử dụng. Tất cả các câu gián tiếp đều là câu tường thuật, không bao giờ có dạng câu hỏi.
1. CÁC LOẠI CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
a. Câu gián tiếp ở dạng câu kể
S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V
Ví dụ:
He said to me: “I am tired.” (Anh ta nói với tôi: “Tôi mệt”)
→ He told me that he was tired. (Anh ta nói với tôi rằng anh ta mệt.)
b. Câu gián tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi
Yes/ No questions:
S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ whether + S + V
Ví dụ:
“Are you hungry?”, he asked. (“Bạn đói không?”, anh ta hỏi.)
→ He asked if/whether I was hungry. (Anh ta hỏi là tôi có đói hay không.)
Wh-questions:
S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh-words + S + V
Ví dụ:
“What are you talking about?”, said the teacher.
(Cô giáo hỏi: “Các em đang nói về điều gì?)
The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
(Cô giáo hỏi xem chúng tôi đang nói về điều gì.)
C. Câu gián tiếp ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh
Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-V
Phủ định: S + told + O + not to-V
Ví dụ:
“Please wait for me here, Tom said to Mary.
(“Hãy đợi anh ở đây” nhé, Tom nói với
Mary.) Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
(Tom nói với Mary hãy đợi anh ta ở đó.)
2. CÁCH CHUYẾN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIÉP
- Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại, ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định,
trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp.
Ví dụ:
- He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”
He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.
- Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì ta phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc và
thay đổi một số từ trong câu theo quy tắc:

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Các thì (tenses) Hiện tại đơn Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn / Quá khứ hoàn thành
tiếp diễn
Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tương lai đơn Tương lai trong quá khứ
Tương lai gần (is/am/are + going to + V) Was/were + going to + V

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 Động từ khuyết thiếu Can Could
(modal verbs) May Might
Must Must/Had to
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn This That
(Adverb of place) That That
These Those
Here There
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian Now Then
(Adverb of time) Today That day
Yesterday The day before/the previous day
Tomorrow The day after/the next (following) day
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before/ the previous week
Next week The week after/ the following week
Chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ I/ me She, he/ Her, him
(Subject/ Object) We/ our They/ them
You I, we/ me, us

LUYỆN TẬP
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau với câu điều kiện lưu ý, có câu là một yêu cầu, một tuyên bố hoặc một
câu hỏi
1. "I was very tired," she said.
→ She said .................................................. .
2. "Be careful, Ben," she said.
→ She told Ben .................................................. .
3. "I will get myself a drink," she says.
→ She says .................................................. .
4. "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me.
→ He wondered .................................................. .
5. "I cannot drive them home," he said.
→ He said .................................................. .
6. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.
→ She asks Peter .................................................. .
7. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
8. He said, "Don't go too far."
→ He advised her .................................................. .
9. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
10. "Don't make so much noise," he says.
→ He asks us..........................................................

Bài tập 3: câu tường thuật Requests (negative)

1. "Don't touch it," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
2. "Don't do that again," he said to me.
→ He told me .................................................. .
3. "Don't talk to me like that," he said.
→ He told her .................................................. .
4. "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him.
→ She warned him .................................................. .
5. "Don't let him in," she said.
→ She told me .................................................. .

Bài tập 4: câu tường thuật requets (positive)

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1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .
2. "Be patient," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
3. "Go to your room," her father said to her.
→ Her father told her .................................................. .
4. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
5. "Give me the key," he told her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
Bài tập 5:
1 John asked the teacher in Spanish.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
2 He said he at the Daewoo Hotel.
A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay
3 She asked me I liked country music.
A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B
4 The students asked if I was going to give them the tests
A. the next day B. next day
C. day next D. the day next
5 Joe asked me how long I a teacher of Chemistry at that school.
A. the next day B. next day
C. day next D. the day next
6 He asked me with whom I French.
A. studied B. study
C. am studying D. have studied
7 John asked me fond of any kind of sports.
A. if I am B. if I was C. if was I D. if I were
8 “How are you?” he asked.
A. He asked me how are you. B. He asked me how I am
C. He asked me how was I. D. He asked me how I was.
9 Joe said to Adele: “Where are you going?”
A. Joe asked Adele where was she going.
B. Joe asked Adele where she was going.
C. Joe asked Adele where is she going.
D. Joe asked Adele where she is going.
10 “Go home,” said the teacher to the kids.
A. The teacher told the kids to go home.
B. The teacher said the kids to go home.
C. The teacher told the kids go home.
D. The teacher told to the kids to go home.
11 “I didn’t meet Susan last week”, he said.
A. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.
B. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
C. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.
D. He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
12 “We are ready to start a new project”, they said to us.
A. They told us they are ready to start a new project.
B. They told us they will ready to start a new project.
C. They told us we were ready to start a new project.
D. They told us they were ready to start a new project.
13 “I have finished the test”, Orla said to me.
A. She told me she has finished the test.
B. She told me she finished the test.
C. She told me she had finished the test.

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D. She told me she has been finished the test.
14 “Please bring me some chicken soup,” he said to the waitress.
A. He asked the waitress bring him some chicken soup.
B. He asked the waitress to bring her some chicken soup.
C. He asked the waitress to bring him some chicken soup.
D. He asked the waitress bring her some chicken soup.
15 “Don’t shout”, she said to me.
A. She told me don’t shout. B. She told to me not to shout.
C. She told me not to shout. D. She said to me don’t shout.
16 “I wrote to a friend yesterday”, she said.
A. She told me she had written to her friend the day before.
B. She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before.
V. She told me she had written to a friend yesterday.
D. She told me she wrote to a friend yesterday.
17 “Can you lend me some money?”, he asked me.
A. He asked me can you lend him some money.
B. He asked me could you lend him some money.
C. He asked me if I can lend him some money.
D. He asked me if I could lend him some money.
18 Charlie said, “I’ll see you tomorrow”.
A. Charlie said he’ll see me tomorrow.
B. Charlie said he would see me tomorrow.
C. Charlie said he would see me the next day.
D. Charlie said he’ll see me the next day.
19 They said, “Your father is in the office”.
A. They said that my father is in the office.
B. They said that his father was in the office.
C. They said that his father is in the office.
D. They said that my father was in the office.
20 “Can you open the door for me, Patrick?” Donna asked.
A. Donna asked to open the door for her, Patrick.
B. Donna asked Patrick to open the door for her.
C. Donna asked Patrick open the door for her.
D. Donna asked Patrick to open the door for me.