Learning Module for General Mathematics

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Let’s
think and act!

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 4

Learning Competency:
1. Solves problems involving rational
equations, and
inequalities. M11GM-IC-3
1. Solves problems involving rational functions, equations and inequalities. M11GM-IC-3
1.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other

tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read
the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions

indicated in every page of this module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the

lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is
important to develop and keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers

using the answer key card.

5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what

you have learned.

6. Enjoy studying!

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be

able to know after completing the lessons in
the module.

• Pre-test - This will measure your prior

knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section

will measure what learnings and skills did
you understand from the previous lesson.

• Brief Introduction- This section will give you

an overview of the lesson.

• Activities - This is a set of activities you will

perform with a partner.

• Remember - This section summarizes the

concepts and applications of the lessons.

• Check your Understanding - It will verify

how you learned from the lesson.

• Post-test - This will measure how much you

have learned from the entire module

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

LESSON Problems Involving Rational Equations and Inequalities

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EXPECTATIONS

1. Solves problems involving rational equations and inequalities.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

 Solve word problems involving rational equations, and inequalities;

Let us start your journey in

learning more on solving problems
involving rational equations and
inequalities. I am sure you are ready and
PRETEST excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and
Enjoy!

A. Find solutions for each rational equation below. Check for extraneous
solutions.
3 2 2 5
1. 𝑥𝑥+1= 𝑥𝑥−3 2. 𝑥𝑥+1 + 2𝑥𝑥 = 2

𝑥𝑥 2 −10 −14−5𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 −4𝑥𝑥 14−9𝑥𝑥

3. = 4. =
𝑥𝑥−1 𝑥𝑥−1 𝑥𝑥−2 𝑥𝑥−2

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

B. Find the solution set for each inequality below. Graph the solution sets
on the number line.
(𝑥𝑥+3)(𝑥𝑥−2) (𝑥𝑥+4)(𝑥𝑥−3)
1. ≥0 2. ≥0
(𝑥𝑥+2)(𝑥𝑥−1) (𝑥𝑥−2)(𝑥𝑥 2+2)

𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥−2
3. ≤2 4. <0
𝑥𝑥+3 𝑥𝑥 2 −3𝑥𝑥−10

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

Great, you finished answering the

questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work.
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON Congratulations and keep on learning!

Steps in Solving Rational Equation

1. Find the value/s that will make the equation undefined.

2. Eliminate the denominators by multiplying each term by the lowest common
denominator.
3. Solve the equation.
4. Check for any extraneous solution.

Steps in Solving Rational Inequalities

1. Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side of the inequality symbol
and 0 on the other side.
2. Determine over what intervals the fraction takes on positive and negative values.
a. Locate the x-values for which the rational expression is zero or undefined.
Factor the numerator and denominator.
b. Mark the numbers found in (a.) on a number line. Use a shaded circle to
indicate that the value is included in the solution set, and a hollow circle to
indicate that the value is excluded. These numbers divide the number line
into intervals.
c. Select a test point within the interior of each interval in (b.). the sign of the
rational expression at this test point is also the sign of the rational expression
at each interior point in the interval.
d. Choose the interval that satisfy the sign of the inequality. Summarize the
interval containing the solutions.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Now we you already are a master in solving rational equations and inequalities!
Indeed! You are now more than ready to solve problems involving these concepts. Usual
problem that involves solving rational equation involves work-rate problems, water
current-speed and more. Let’s now recall the process of solving problem word problems:

STEPS IN SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS

According to George Polya, known as the father of modern problem solving the
following are steps to solve word problems:
Step 1: Understand the problem
Read the problem very carefully. List all the given data and identify variables
that you can use in forming a mathematical equation to solve the problem.
Step 2: Devise a plan (Translate)
When you devise a plan, you are translating given data and variables into a
Mathematical equation. Drawing a diagram or a chart can help you in analyzing
given data to set up your equation.
Step 3: Carry out the plan (Solve)
The next step is to solve the equation.
Step 4: Look back ( Check and Interpret)
Last step is to check if the answer you obtained is correct.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

EXAMPLE 1: Zoe can clean the house in 3 hours, but it takes Emherson 4 hours to do
the same job. How long would it take them to clean the garage if they worked together?

WORK-RATE EQUATION

If the first person does a job in time A, a second person does a job in time B, and together
they can do a job in time T (total). We can use the work-rate equation:
1 1 1
+ =
𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇

job per time A job per time T (team)

job per time B

STEP 1: STEP 2:

It takes Zoe 3 hours to do the work, So How long will it take if the two work
1
she does of the work each hour. together?
3

It takes Emherson 4 hours to do the Let x= the number of hours it takes if

1 they work together
work, So she does of the work each
4
1
hour. So, together they do of the work each
𝑥𝑥
hour.

STEP 3:

Since they are working together the

sum of the two people individually
STEP 4:
equals the total.
Solve the equation:
1 1 1
+ = 1 1 1
3 4 𝑥𝑥 + = → eliminate the denominator by
3 4 𝑥𝑥
multiplying with the LCD = 12x
1 1 1
� + = �.12x → 4x+3x =12 → 7x=12 →
7 3 4
12
𝑥𝑥
x= ≈ 1.7
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 Learning Module for General Mathematics
EXAMPLE 2: Eric can row 5 miles per hour in still water. It takes him as long to 4
miles upstream as 16 miles downstream. How fast is the current?
WITH OR AGAINST (WIND OR CURRENT)
Use table to help organize all the information in the problem. The goal is to set up
the equation. We use equations for distance:

where r= rate d=distance t=time

𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
d=rt r= t=
𝑡𝑡 𝑟𝑟

Let x = speed in still water

c= speed of the current

in these kind of problems rate is to be expressed using two variables because moving
upstream the current is against you and downstream it moves with you.

Distance Rate Time

Upstream x-c

Downstream X+c

STEP 1:

Fill in the given information to the distance and speed column.

Distance Rate Time

Upstream 4 5-c

Downstream 16 5+c

STEP 2:

Fill in the column for time using the other two columns considering that t=d/v

Distance Rate Time

4
Upstream 4 5-c
5−𝑐𝑐

16
Downstream 16 5+c
5+𝑐𝑐

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

STEP 3:

Set up the equation:

Stated in the problem the phrase “It takes as long…” it means that the time
he rowed is equal to each other, so we write
4 16
= this can be easily solved by cross multiplying
5−𝑐𝑐 5+𝑐𝑐

4(5+c) =16(5-c) → 20+4c= 80-16c → 4c+16c =80-20

20c=60 → c=3

Thus, the speed of the current is 3 miles per hour.

EXAMPLE 3:
A box with a square base is to have a volume of 8 cubic meters. Let x be
the length of the side of the square base and h be the height of the box. What
are the possible measurements of a side of the square base if the height should
be longer than a side of the square base?

STEP 1:

The volume of a rectangular box is the product of its width, length and
height. The base of the box is square so the width and length are equal.

Let x= length of the side of the box

h= height of the box

use the formula v = lwh to relate x and h

v = 𝑥𝑥 2 ℎ since v= 8 → 8 = 𝑥𝑥 2 ℎ

STEP 2:

Express h in terms of x
8
8 = 𝑥𝑥 2 ℎ → h= 𝑥𝑥2

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics
STEP 3:

Since the height is greater than the width, h> x and our inequality is
8
>x
𝑥𝑥2

STEP 3:

Since the height is greater than the width, h> x and our inequality is
8
>x
𝑥𝑥2

STEP 4:

Solve the inequality:

8
-x > 0 → rewrite the inequality the other side should be
𝑥𝑥 2
equal to 0
8−𝑥𝑥 3
> 0 → express the rational expression as a single
𝑥𝑥 2
fraction
(2−𝑥𝑥)(𝑥𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑥+4)
> 0 →
factor the numerator to find the critical
𝑥𝑥 2
values
we get x=2 from the numerator and x = 0 from the denominator

0 2
Construct table of signs

Interval x<0 0<x<2 x >2

Test Point x=-1 x=1 x=3
2 -x + + -
𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 4 + + +
𝑥𝑥 2 + + +
(2 − 𝑥𝑥)(𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 4) + + -

𝑥𝑥2

The solution set is 0 < x < 2, we reject the solution set in the interval x<0 even if
the expression is positive, we will only consider positive integers because we are
solving for the length of the box.

Thus, the height of the box is less than 2 meters.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Using the given hint. Complete the following steps and solve the
problem.
PROBLEM: In a schools basketball league, the team from Recto High has won 12 out of
25 games, a winning percentage of 48%. How many games should they win in a row to
improve their win percentage to 60%

STEP 1:

HINT: Let x =represent the number of games that they need to win to raise their percentage
of winning to 60%. The team has already won 12 out of their 25 games. If they win x games
in a row to increase their percentage to 60%, then they would have played 12+x games
out of 25+x games the equation is
Total win= (a)________ Total Number of Games = (b)___________

STEP 2:

The equation is rational equation. Solve the equation.

STEP 3:
→ HINT: to eliminate the denominator multiply the equation by
(25+x)

→HINT: distribute .6 to 25+x

→HINT: Simplify

→HINT: multiply the equation by 10 to get rid of the decimal

→ HINT: combine similar terms

→HINT: divide both sides by 4

X= ________

Since x represents the number of games, this number should be an integer.

Therefore Recto High needs to win _______ games in a row to raise their winning
percentage to 60%.
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 Learning Module for General Mathematics
Activity 2. Using the given hint. Complete the following steps and solve the
problem.
PROBLEM: Ann walks 5 kilometres from his home to SM to buy a new bike which she
uses to return to home. He average 10 kilometres faster on his bike thank on walking. If
her total trip took 1 hour and 20 minutes, what is her walking speed in kph? Use formula
𝑑𝑑
v=
𝑡𝑡

STEP 1:

Let v = walking speed/rate

𝑑𝑑
Considering that t= 𝑣𝑣
Distance Rate Time
Walking (a) v (c)

Biking (b) v+10 (d)

STEP 2:

Hint: The given condition in the problem is that the total time that she took
for walking and biking is 1 hour and 20 minutes converting it into fraction in hours:

STEP 3:

Hint: Form the equation the column for time considering that the total travel
time for both walking and biking is 4/3 hours
5 5 4
+ =
𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣+10 3

STEP 4:

Solve the rational equation:

V= _______
Since v is a walking speed, it cannot be negative. Hence, Eric walking speed
is __________ kph.
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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

REMEMBER
Write down in your own words the steps to solve word problems.
STEPS

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Based from the given previous examples. Make your own problem involving
rational equation/ inequalities. Solve the problem.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

POSTTEST

Solve the following problems. Show every step for credit points.
1. John can build a pigpen twice as fast as Ruel. Working together, it takes
them 5 hours. How long would it have taken John working alone?

2. A plane flies 910 miles with the wind in the same time it can go 660 miles
against the wind. The speed of the plane in still air is 305 miles per hour.
What is the speed of the wind?

3. A dressmaker ordered several meters of red cloth from a vendor, but the
vendor only had 4 meters of red cloth in stock. The vendor bought the
remaining lengths of red cloth from a wholesaler for P1120. He then sold
those lengths of red cloth to the dressmaker along with the original 4
meters of cloth for a total of P1600. If the vendor’s price per meter is atleast
P10 more than the wholesaler’s price per meter, what possible length of
cloth did the vendor purchase from the wholesaler?

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Nothing is Impossible with God!

In Mathematics, we have learned that in
every problem there is a solution. In real
life, we believe and we have faith that
there is one God that always help us in
our problems. In fact when we pray God
listens to our prayers. As a senior high
student, have you ever experience a
moment in your life that God answered
your kneeled down prayer? Share that
answered prayer story. Write in 4 to 5
sentences.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

E-SITES

To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the
internet, you may visit the following links:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLhvLEeS08A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puHW7GsmTuc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6N8mDRNktw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGGnn9oa4QY

REFERENCES

Versoza, et. Al, O. A. (2016). General Mathematics . CHED

https://sccollege.edu/Faculty/epham/Documents/IntroAlgManuscript/Chapter%2011%20-
%20rational%20equations%20and%20applications.pdf

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

ANSWER KEY

PRETEST:
A. 1. 11 2. -5 3. -4, -1 4. -7
B. 1. (-∞,-3] ∪ [2, ∞) 2. [-4,2) ∪ [3, ∞)
3. (-∞,-5] ∪ (-3, ∞) 4. (-∞,-2) ∪ (2, 5)

ACTIVITY 1:

STEP 3:
STEP 1: STEP 2:
12+𝑥𝑥
�25+𝑥𝑥 = .6 �.(25+x) →to eliminate the denominator multiply the
𝑎𝑎. 12 + 𝑥𝑥 12 + 𝑥𝑥 equation by (25+x)
= .6 12+x = .6(25) +.6x → distribute .6 to 25+x
b. 25 + x 25 + 𝑥𝑥 12+x = 15 +.6x →Simplify
120+10x =150+ 6x →multiply the equation by 10 to get rid of
the decimal
10x-6x =150-120 →combine similar terms
4x =30 →divide both sides by 4
x= 7.5
Since x represents the number of games, this number should be an
integer. Therefore Recto High needs to win 8 games in a row to raise
their winning percentage to 60%.

ACTIVITY 2:

STEP 1: STEP 2:
5 1 hour + 20/60 hour = 1 + 1/3 hour =
𝑎𝑎. 5 c. 4/3 hours
𝑣𝑣
5
b. 5 d.
𝑣𝑣+10

STEP 4:
Solve the rational equation:
5 5 4
( + = ). 3v(v+10) → multiply the equation by the LCD
𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣+10 3
5(3)(v+10) + 5(3)v = 4v(v+10) → simplify
15v + 150 + 15v =4𝑣𝑣 2 + 40v → combine similar terms
30v + 150v = 4𝑣𝑣 2 + 40v → 4𝑣𝑣 2 + 10v -150 =0 → divide both sides by the common factor which is 2
2𝑣𝑣 2 + 5v -75 =0 → factor the quadratic expression
(2v+15)(v-5) = 0
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V= - 2 or v=5
Since v is a walking speed, it cannot be negative. Hence, Eric walking speed is 5 kph.

POSTTEST:
1. 7.5 hours
2. 48.6 mph
3. Between 16 to 28 meters (Inclusive)

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

Acknowledgements

Writer: Gloria Sophia Jaso – MT II

Editor: Dr. John Rainier Rizardo, Master Teacher II

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George G. Borromeo, PSDS

Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools

Division Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief
Education Supervisor Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady
Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

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