Related Research

Different experiments have been carried out to test plant extracts against different types of essential
mosquito larval species, including Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. For
the isolation of bioactive ingredients from nominee plants, multiple solvents of various polarities have
been used.

A research entitled 'Larvicidal operation toward Aedes aegypti mosquito of saponins from Balanites
aegyptiaca callus.' with corresponding authors: (Bishnu P.Chapagain, Volume 99, Issue 5, March 2008)
gives a description of the quest for an alternate route to larvicide growth from Balanites aegyptiaca
plants. In vitro, Callus was created. Root explant cultures and their larval action against mosquito larvae
of Aedes aegypti have been evaluated. Concentrations of B root-derived callus saponins are 0,50, 100,
500, 1000, and 1500 ppm. The results of larvicide and the consequent impact on adult development
were measured using Aegyptiaca. We have reported dose-dependent results. The research concludes in
a chronic mortality evaluation (after 7 days of exposure) that using a concentration of 500 ppm or more
destroyed 100 percent of the population of test larvae. There was no change in larval mortality relative
to control (0 ppm) for fifty parts per million; nevertheless, this concentration enabled for the creation of
one-fourth of adult control therapy. These results say in vitro saponins from root explant B cultures. It is
necessary to use Aegyptiaca as a larvical agent.

(Véronique Masotti, Laetitia De Jong, Xavier Moreau, et al. 2012) entitled Another research. "Larvicidal
behavior of ethanolic leaf extracts of two species of Artemisia, Artemisia campestris var. A and
glutinosa. Molinieri, on Culex pipiens Linnaeus mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae)' A. The larvicidal behavior
of Molinieri extracts was higher (from 50 ppm (K = 9.488, DDL = 4, P < 0.001)) than that of A. After 48 h
of exposure, campestris var glutinosa (from 500 ppm (K = 9.488, DDL = 4, P < 0.01)). After 48 h of
exposure, measured lethal concentrations (LC50) were poor, with 9091 and 9898 ppm for A. A. and
Molinieri. Var Campestris. Extracts of glutinosa, respectively, but use a non-pollutant solvent (ethanol).
Nevertheless, A. Molinieri can be valued as an environmentally sustainable biocide, and both pesticide
activity and protection purposes may be of interest in cultivating its community.
Darvin R. Ravindran, Madhuri Bharathithasan, Patmani Ramaiah (2020) The chemical structure and
larvicidal behavior of flower extracts from Clitoria Ternatea against Aedes mosquitoes. The larvicidal
process, metabolite, antioxidant, chemical compounds and its composition from C have been checked
for recognition. Ternatea flower and its success against Ae larvae from the early 4th instar. Aegypti and
Ae albopictus, respectively. The larvicidal behavior of the extracts of Clitoria ternatea flowers apparently
infected the larvae of the early 4th instar of Aedes mosquito vectors. The highest larvicidal behavior
against Ae's early 4th instar larvae was detected. Aegypti, respectively, of LC50 and LC95 values of 1056
and 2491 mg/L. Meanwhile, the larval bioassay test for Ae.albopictus reported 1425 and 2753 mg/L with
LC50 and LC95 values. In addition, the findings of the non-target organism test for Guppy fish, Poecilia
reticulate, showed no flower extract mortality at 2500 mg/L and no toxic effects on fish. In this analysis,
the direct effects of 16 chemical compounds and 6 chemical compounds on insecticidal, larvicidal and
pupicidal effects have been recorded in total. Glycerin, 2-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone,
Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, cis-Vaccenic acid, and Octadecanoic acid were used for
insecticidal products, with a total of 28.7 percent. Several forms of phenols, such as anthocyanin,
flavonoid and tannin, were also shown in Clitoria ternatea flower extracts. The research demonstrates
the monumental efficacy of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts during the early 4th instar larval phases
against major dengue fever vectors. Furthermore, current results have shown that the bioactive
molecules from crude extracts are efficient and can be produced as biolarvicides for the control of Aedes
mosquito vector programs.

B.L, B.L. Aliero published a report on the Larvaecidal impact of Azadirachta indica (neem) aqueous
extracts on Anopheles mosquito larvae. The research studied the susceptibility of the larvae to undiluted
seed oil and leaf/bark extracts for 12 hours, resulting in mortality of 100, 98 and 48 percent,
respectively. Dilution of these extracts has also culminated in larva mortality. The study indicates that
neem seed oil and leaf extract possess properties that could be produced and used in the control of
tropical mosquitoes.
Deepak Kumar, et al, respectively. A research was performed on Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) petroleum
ether and N-butanol extracts and screened for larvicidal bioassay utilizing water as a vehicle,
respectively. The larvicidal determination protocol was accompanied by the same procedure as defined
by the WHO. For each research solution, the tests were performed using 25 of the late third instar
larvae, ensuring a minimum of three replicates and adequate controls. For each concentration of each
extract, a total number of 75 larvae were exposed. For petroleum ether extract, five separate test
solution concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 ppm were retained, and for N-butanol extract, six test
solution concentrations ranging from 50 to 300 ppm were maintained. For various amounts of Cassia
occidentalis (Linn.) etroleum ether and ethyl N-butanol extracts, the measured and predicted larval
mortality dependent on probit regression analysis are 98.4 (89.1-107.2) and 173.8 (160.6-191.5) and
161.6 (152.8-170.5) and 230.0 (217.8-245.5), respectively. With petroleum ether, the median potency of
Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) is around 1.6 times less efficient and is slightly higher relative to its use of N-
butanol extract. Based on the above findings, the analysis concludes that larvicidal significance is
paramount in Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) At a relatively low expense, synthetic chemicals can be
conveniently produced. But the usage of plants for the containment of larvae still provides a cleaner
option. In addition, in the quest for newer molecules, these findings may be helpful. These extracts are
cheap, simple to manage and safer for mosquito larva control items.

Rosalinda C, Torres. Et., et. Al. (2015) Tested the toxicity of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) shell waste
ethanol and hexane extracts to 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and described the ethanol
extract by qualitative phytochemical research. Using 95 per cent EtOH and n-hexane, the shell waste
was treated for crude extraction. The blunt extract for larvicidal action against A was bio-assayed.
Aegypti in line with the traditional WHO form of bioassay. Mortality was detected 24 and 48 hours after
care and probe analysis was conducted to assess lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90). Phytochemical
research has described the ethanol sample. Extracts of both hexane and ethanol from A. Proof of
larvicidal toxicity was shown by occidentale shell wastes. The crude extracts of ethanol and hexane
yielded 2.35 mg/L and 6.93 mg/L LC50 and 5.36 mg/L and 11.97 mg/L LC90, respectively. The existence
of unsaturated steroids and triterpenoids, free fatty acids, fats and oils, γ-benzopyrone nucleus
(flavonoids), leucoanthocyanins, anthraquinones and tannins was shown by phytochemical screening of
the crude ethanol extract of cashew shell waste. Extracts of both hexane and ethanol from A.
Occidentale demonstrated exciting prospects for dengue vector management, A, as an alternate source
of a more sustainable, non-toxic, and environmentally safe approach. Aegypti! Aegypti.
The larvicidal behavior of the methanolic leaf extract of Citrofortunella microcarpa and Carica papaya
against the dengue vector Aedes sp. was examined by Pansit, Avila and Calumba (2018). Mosquitoes.
The research was undertaken to assess the potency of plant extracts at concentrations of 6 mg/mL, 12
mg/mL and 18 mg/mL. Mosquito larval mortality results were evaluated after 24 and 48 hours using the
arithmetic mean, Tukey test and t-test. Results from the analysis indicated that both plants have a
capacity for larvicidality. However, at a 0.05 level of significance relative to papaya, lemonsito had a
concentration based impact and a slightly higher larvicidal behavior. The existence of established
insecticidal and larvicidal phytochemicals in both plant extracts, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,
steroids, and tannins, may be linked to this larvicidal property. Furthermore, in lemonsito extract, fatty
acid was found to be present, which can create a synergistic impact with other abundant
phytochemicals, thus greater larvicidal operation.