PRELIMS o With knowledge of how artistic

REVIEWER IN HUM02 process works, our enjoyment can

increase in two levels:
(1) Introduction to Humanities and Social 1. Understanding
Science 2. Feeling
Humanities Social Science  People interact with the work of art –
 More concerned  Attempts to see experience it. Thus, we recreate what is
with the individual, human beings in presented to us
and especially with the mass, as
unique creations subjects for Humanities vs. Arts
of individual generalization
- Art illustrates humanities
imagination which
- Humanities translate and interpret the
we call works of
art illustration
- Making sense of human experience
 “Philosophical  “Scientific
Approach" – Approach” – Art
interpretative empirical, rational, -Derived from the Latin word “ars” meaning
methodology and objective ability or skill
methodology; facts Functions of Arts
1. Personal – expression, communication,
 Appreciate and  Analyze, explain, relaxation
reveal wisdom – to and predict human 2. Physical – tools, containers, or shelters
better explore and behaviors; to 3. Social – influencing other people
address the big generate and
questions produce new
Nature of Arts
knowledge
- Art is man – made
- Art is beauty
 Architecture  Anthropology
- Art is experience
 Art  Archeology
 Film  Economics
 History  Linguistics Components of Arts
 History of Art  Political Science - Work & Artist
 Language and  Psychology
Literature  Sociology  Art is not nature. Artists have their own
 Music  Statistics ways of seeing. Personal perceptions and
 Philosophy feelings come into play.
 Religious Studies
Scope of Arts
- Form – according to media and forms
HUMANITIES o Plastic arts
- Generally, means art, literature, music, o Kinetic arts
and the theater – areas in which human o Phonetic arts
values and individual expressiveness are o Pure arts
celebrated o Mixed arts
- Engage in both intellectual and intuitive
- Content – according to purpose
emotional self
o Practical arts
o Liberal arts
Artistic Process:
o Fine arts
1. Artist interacts with an experience or
subject o Major Arts
2. Artist translates the interaction into a o Minor Arts
medium
3. Elements of the medium are used to (2) Definition of Art
produce the finished work There is no specific definition of Art.
 We are delighted in the arts through our Art
senses
 - Sensual medium that expresses ideas o Doctrine of belief that emphasizes
about our human experience and the the impermanence of nature and
world around us greatness of divine being
- Engages our attention o Negates materiality
- It is not what you see, it is what you make o Islamic art in relation to Tawhid
others see (Edgar Degas)  Interior Mosques
- Art is whatever a society of culture  Elaborate, abstract
says is art patterns of relief
 Purpose:
Human Phenomena o to draw away from
1. Creative Imagination
human and nature
2. Technical Skill
o to contemplate the
3. Desire for Order and Harmony
Divine
4. Hunger for Beautiful
o to compel the
believer to engage
Our judgement of what constitute art – and
in mental
beauty – are conditioned by our experience
concentration
and education.
o Mihrab (niche) and Qibla (wall)
 An art that is carefully crafted by an
are oriented toward the west;
established artist who provided intellectual
oriented towards the MECCA
justifications for its character and
appearance, hence it is treasured as an  Dome
art o Tells us about the order of the
universe is imagined
Four Major Areas of Art o Relates to all levels of cosmic
1. Function – use experience
2. Visual Form – seen, felt, heard, smelled, o Octagon base – spirit
tasted; considered and manipulated o Four – sided main base – earth or
3. Content – contain a mass of ideas material world
4. Aesthetics – beauty  Torogan
o Sleep “Torog”
(3) History of Philippine Art  Islamic forms are inclined to:
- There’s an art before the colonization o Project
- Everyday expressions were all integrated o Grow
within rituals that marked significant o Upward orientation
moments in a community’s life  These are all to symbolize
regard for heaven
PRECONQUEST PERIOD
 Hunter – gatherer Society SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521 – 1898)
o Oral Storytelling marked the Colonizers used art as a tool to:
beginning of Literature - Propagate the Catholic Faith through
 Theater or Play Acting beautiful images
o Imitated animal movements that - Explain concepts behind Catholicism
they hunted marked the early - Tell stories of Christ’s life and passion
beginnings of theater or play acting
o Canao (enye) or Kanyaw Art Forms During the Spanish Regime
 Ritual dance performed 1. Religious Art
during native feasts or 2. Lowland Christian Art
celebrations in the 3. Folk Art
highlands of the Cordilleras
in the Luzon Area
Churches
ISLAMIC COLONIAL (13 TH
CENTURY TO  Baroque Style
PRESENT) o Characterized by grandeur, drama,
 Tawhid and elaborate details
 o Extensive us of decoration and
ornamentation
o European inspired
Inside Churches
 Trompe I’oeil
o “fooling the eye” – French
o Painting style used in Taal
Basilica, Batangas
o Taal Basilica of St. Martin De
Tours
 Asia’s Largest Catholic
Church
 Retablo
o Decorative altar niche
 Via Crucis
o Way of the cross
o Depicts Christ’s Cruxifiction and
Resurrection
Performance Art
 Pasyon – biblical narration of Christ’s
passion chanted in improvised melody
 Sarswela (Zarzuela) – operatta which
features singing and dancing with a prose
dialongue
 Senakulo - dramatic presentation
depicting the Passion of Christ
 Komedya – colorful theatrical tradition
that describes the conflicts between the
Muslims and the Christians
Music and Literature
 Doctrina Christiana - first printed book in
the Philippines compiling song lyrics,
commandments, sacraments, ad other
catechetical materials
 Kundiman - traditional Filipino Love Song
Paintings
- Usually uses Chiaroscuro – interplay of
light and dark and their contrast
- Landscapes, still life, and genre were
popular choices
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD TO THE
POSTWAR REPUBLIC (1898 – 1940 and 1946 –
1969)
Paintings
- Inclination toward still life, portrait and
genre still persisted
- 1909 – UP School of Fine Arts was
opened
- Fabian De la Rosa (naturalist paintings)
o Depiction of realistic objects in a
natural setting
o Used subdued, cool colors
o First dean of UP School of Fine
Arts
- Fernando Amorsolo (“romantic”
paintings)
o Bursting with yellow – orange and
golden sunlight
o Idealized rural life of working men
and women
o Was able to show the ideal beauty
of Philippine Landscape, rural life,
and Filipinas
o First National Artist
Performance Art
 Bodabil (Vaudeville from France)
o Became popular in 1920s until
Japanese regime
o The motley collection of slapstick
song, dances acrobatics, comedy,
skits, chorus girl, and stand up
comic acts
o Died away soon; replaced by film
Architecture
 Neoclassic Architecture
o Characterized by grandeur of
scale, simplicity of geometric
forms, Greek (especially Doric or
Roman detail), dramatic use of
columns, and a preference for
blank walls
Sculpture
 Guillermo Tolentino
o Amorsolo’s counterpart in
sculpture
o Oblation
o Bonifacio Monument
What were the changes brought about by
American Colonization?
MODERN ART
Philippine Art in the Modern Era
- Evolved into a wide variety of expressions
and medium turning
- Modern Filipino Artists have more freedom
to explore on his own
o They show their love for country
and evolving culture
o Their style is from cross – cultural
exposures in the Eastern and
Western world yet they have not
forgotten their Filipino roots
1. Victorio Edades
 a. Modern art movement profoundly
influenced him from his art studies
in US
b. The Builders, 1928
i. Showed distorted figures of
toiling workers using dull
colors
c. There is a shift in the treatment of
form and subject matter
2. Botong Francisco
a. Filipino through the struggles
through history
3. Juan Arellano
a. Metropolitan Theater
4. Napoleon Abueva
a. Transfiguration
Neo-realism, Abstraction, and other modern
art styles
NEO – REALISM
- Art that exposed the true social conditions,
shapes, and colors of daily life
ABSTRACTION
- generally, consists of simplifies forms
- avoided mimetic (exact copy)
representation
- emphasized relationships of line, color,
and space or the flatness of canvas rather
than 3 – dimensionally
 Roberto Chabet
o Flux artist
o widely acknowledged as The
Father of Philippine Conceptual Art
(a movement that prizes ideas over
the formal or visual components of
art works) - His “scandalous” art
work displayed in CCP helped art
works not only to be confined in
museum
 Raymundo Albano
o Initiated projects termed
“developmental art”
o Use of sand, junk, iron, non – art
materials such as rocks, lumber,
etc.
o ” Exhibitions should be alive, not
church-like, quite high in festive
ambience”
 Chabet – Albano Axis
o Opened up non-white cube sites
for art exhibitions and performance
spaces
SOCIAL REALISM
- Emerged during the political ferment of the
70s and 80s
- Protest art that exposed sociopolitical
issues and struggles of the times
- Conscious with its regard for the
oppressed and underrepresented masses
(4) Characteristics and Styles of
Contemporary Art
Contemporary Art
- “art made and produced by artists living
today” (J. Paul Getty Museum)
- Art produced beginning late 1950s to the
present (after WW2)
Characteristics of Contemporary Art
- More than 100 art styles and movement
under this category
- Artists experiment with various materials,
techniques, and forms
Styles that dominated Contemporary Art
- Abstract expressionism
o Painting style in which artist
applies paint in a manner that
expresses emotions and feelings in
a spontaneous way
o Figures may be heavy with lines
and color without solid mass
- Impressionism
o Characteristics include relatively
small, thin, yet visible brush
strokes, with emphasis on accurate
depiction of light in its changing
qualities
- Feminist art
o Tackle issues of identity, sexuality,
gender roles, equality, and the
ways in which the female is treated
in the society
- Postmodern art
o Carries modern styles to extreme
practices, often expressing an idea
through a mix of materials such as
found objects welded together
- Op art
o Uses lines or images repeatedly to
create an optical illusion
- Video art
o Consist of images that are
recorded through a video and
viewed through television,
computer, or projection screen
o Considered different from
filmmaking on the basis of the way
it is exhibited
- Kinetic art
 o Sculpture that moves with the wind Contemporary Art is a statement that an artist
or is powered by a machine or makes about life, thoughts, idea, beliefs, and
electricity many other things that define human life.
- Digital art - Ramirez, V. Contemporary Philippine Arts
o Done with the aid of computer to from the Regions
create image or design
- Graffiti Art
o Drawing or inscription or sketch
done hastily on the wall or other
surface made to be seen by the
public
- Environment art
o Involves artistic creation or
manipulation of space such as
landscape or architectural design
that may enclose its audience
- Body art
o An art form that uses the body as
the medium or main material
- Performance art
o Combines variety of media and the
human body to execute an artistic
theatrical expression before a live
audience
o Considered different from
Performing Art on the basis of its
more conceptual and experimental
themes
- Minimalism
o Had stripped down, pre-fabricated
look, free of details and often with
flat surface but expresses a
specific content or statement

What makes artwork contemporary?

- Contemporary artists give re –
interpretation of an existing artwork
- Originality is not an issue in contemporary
art

“Art made and produced by artists living today.

Today’s artists work in and respond to a global
environment that is culturally diverse,
technologically advancing, and multifaceted”
- By J. Paul Getty Museum

“Art is a dynamic combination of materials,

methods, concepts, and subjects that challenge
traditional boundaries and defy easy definition.
Diverse and eclectic, contemporary arts a s a
while is distinguished by the very lack of a
uniform, organizing principle, ideology, or ‘ism’”
- New York University, Department of Art
and Art Profession