ADDC CONSTRUCTION QUESTIONAIRES

Installation of Cables:

1. What is the main directive factor to be considered while planning underground cable installation?

1-Obtaining THE Required NOC from related authorities

2-Obtain coordinates by surveying on reservation corridors for new/existing installation

3- Trail pit works to expose all the services passes and clear the cable route

4- Excavation of the complete route as per ADDC specification following the related safety rules
followed

5- Laying of soft sand at the bottom of trench as per ADDC specs

6- Cable rollers to be distributed along the cable trenches

7- Proper winch machine to be located at the end of each span to complete cable installation

8-Complete other layers (soft sand, cover tiles, backfilling, compaction, warning tape, and final
reinstate backfilling)

9- Provide route/ joint markers on the cable route

2. What is the minimum bending radius of MV Cables described below during installation?

♦ unarmoured, 3 core cable_________15D____

♦ unarmoured, 1 core cable________20 D_____

♦ armoured, 3 core cable_______12 D______

♦ armoured, 1 core cable______15 D_______

3. What are the main de-rating factors to be consider while planning an underground cable
installation?

1-Soil thermal resistivity

2-Soil Temperature

3-Grouping Factor

4-Depth of Cable
4. State possible causes of failure of power cables?

1-Failure of joints

2-Termination failure

3- Aging of cables (insulation failure)

4- External faults (damage)

5. Spacing between cables during installation improves:

ANS: (A)

a.) Cables rating

b.) Soil conductivity

c.) Voltage rating

d.) None of the above

7. Increase in depth of cable

ANS: (A)

a.) Reduce it is rating

b.) Increase rating

c.) Nothing to do

d.) Will affect voltage rating

8. What are the famous types of bonding in cable installation system?

1- Single Bonding

2-Double Bonding

3-Cross Bonding
 Testing of cables:

1. State the procedure to test and commission a new MV Cable?

ANS:

1- Continuity & Phasing on each phase

2- Insulation resistance test (Megger) (before/after HV test) 2 times (applying of 5 kv DC for 1

min in each phase)

3- HV test = Hipot test: VLF Testing (very low frequency test : apply on each phase 3 V◦ of rms
value on a (0.1 HZ)

4- Sheath Test: DC VOLTAGE applied between the outer-most metallic layer and earth to
identify after-installation damage to the non-metallic outer sheath. The measured value should
be read after application of the voltage for 1 minute. (this test for 22 & 33 KV only)

2. What’s the VLF?

ANS:

VLF cable testing is a technique for testing of medium voltage cables. Apply VLF to XLPE cables in
a monitored withstand approach to detect potential failures in the cable insulation The tested cable
must withstand a VLF (Very low frequency) AC voltage for a specified testing time without flashover ,
Frequency ranges used are within the range of 0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz, where frequency selection depends on
the load of the cable. Test voltage levels are calculated using a multiple of the cable's nominal voltage (3
U0). The VLF cable testing time varies from 15 to 60 minutes

3. Why 0.1 Hz test is preferred over the AC source Test?

ANS:

"VLF operation reduces the power required to load cables which present a capacitive load. Test
sets typically operate at 0.1Hz. The length of cable that can be tested at a given power increases by a
factor of 500 compared to 50Hz with consequent weight and cost savings.

There are several VLF waveforms available. Sine wave testing has some advantages. Research
shows that the faster growth rate of any existing electrical tree with a sine wave waveform gives a
higher probability of finding the defect.”

Additional info: The fundamental difference between AC and DC high voltage testing is the avoidance of
space charge effects.

AC is therefore recommended in most cable testing standards.

4. When applying current on insulation, it’s originally consisting of 3 currents, what are they?

ANS:

"When DC high voltage is applied to a XLPE cable , the leakage current from the test set is
divided into three component;
Polarization current
Conduction current
Charging current

5. Why we use aluminum armor for single core cables?

ANS:

The aluminum is non-magnetic. A magnetic field is produced by the current in a single core
cable. This would induce an electric current in the steel wire, which could cause overheating.
 Joint & Termination:

1. What is the air clearance for 11, 22 and 33 kv cables between ph to ph, and ph to ground?

Ph to Ph Ph to Ground

11 KV 120 120

22 KV 220 250

33 KV 320 370

2. Where the shrinking is done while the moment of jointing?

ANS:

Center towards ends

3. Where the shrinking is done while the moment of termination?

ANS:

Down towards Up
 Installation of SWGRs:

1. List some AI switchgears (manufacturer/model).

ANS:

Classification according to Voltage level: HV SWITCHGEAR, MV SWITCHGER, LV SWITCHGEAR

Classification according to Insulation type: AIS (Air insulated switchgear), GIS (Gas insulated
switchgear)

Model
Manufacturer HV,MV
LV
AIS GIS
ABB UniGear series ZX series MNS series

SIEMENS NXAIR SERIES 8DA10,8DB10 , NXPLUS C SERIES SIKUS series , ALPHA series

Schneider SM6 Series CBGS series blokset series

2. How to erect and install 11 KV switchgear?

Prior installation

1- Site visit: visit to the site location to ensure Machinery access (Crane, car crane, trailer, etc...),
workmen access

2- Marking substation as per the approved Equipment layout to ensure correct clearances for
walls/other panels

3-check of final floor finishing level

During installation

1- Lifting panels after unpacking it from the design point for lifting purpose in order to achieve
balance of each equipment

2- Rolling each panel by proper way inside the substation using proper tools (lifter, jacks, steel
rods, etc..) to its end location

3- Consider proper spacing between panels during insertion to give enough space for of bus bar
and copper joint works

4-assembly of bus bars , enclosures ,metal joints, pressure relief if any in addition to any other
related accessories (VT, Arrestors, etc..) considering leveling all the time
 5-torquing of all the bolts as per IEC Table unless other mentioned by manufacturer installation
manual

3. What is the value of torque tightness (bus bar/dropper)?

All values subject to minor change according to bus bar design and copper joints type

4. What are the tests required during installation?

1- Water level meter to check doors/panels alignment

2-Test of Torque values by a calibrated torque wrench

3-continuity test: by micro ohmmeter to check proper tightening of bus bar, Droppers, bus bars

4-Insulation resistance test: by megger on bus bar, Droppers, CB

1. The rating of transformer may be expressed in

ANS: (C)

A. KW
B. kVAR
C. KVA
D. Horse power.

2. In a three-phase system, the voltages are separated by

ANS: (C)

A. 45°
B. 90°
C. 120°
D. 180°

3. Tappings of a step down transformer are provided at

ANS: (B)

A. Low voltage side.

B. High voltage side.
C. Both high voltage side & low voltage side.
D. none of the above

4. A Buchholz relay is used for

ANS: (C)

A. 11kv switchgear protection

B. Capacitor banks protection
C. transformer protection
D. batteries protection

5. Equipment installed means equipment assembled and earthed mention how many points for body
earth should do for transformers?

ANS: (B)

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
6. In power transformer (conservator) located in?

ANS: (C)

A. HV bushing side
B. LV bushing side
C. top of trafo side
D. In between HV & LV Cable box

7. Silica gel is provided to suck moistures and humidity and it’s applied on

ANS: (D)

A. HV&LV cable box

B. Conservator
C. OLTC
D. All the above

8. 33/11 KV TAP changer on power transformer is

ANS: (B)

A. Off load
B. On load
C. On load and off load
D. None of the above

9. Transformer cooling is (not) one of the below

ANS: (B)

A. ODWF
B. OFAB
C. ONAF
D. ONAN

10. PRESSURE RELIEF of power transformer will operates

ANS: (A)

A. Mechanically
B. Electrically
 C. All the above

11. In 11KV Switchgear CTs & PTs can be Located in

ANS: (D)

A. Cables
B. Bus bars
C. CB’S
D. All the above

12. Bus section Panel is coupling two bus bars through

ANS: (C)

A. VT
B. CB
C. CB+VT
D. ES

13. What the shutter function inside switchgear?

ANS: (B)

A. Protect switchgear from OC &EF during short Circuit

B. Mechanical isolation of CB FROM HIGH VOLTAGE
C. Provide electrical supply to bus bar when CB On operation
D. All the above

14. Anti-pumping function for CB is prevent

ANS: (C)

A. open after close

B. Close after open
C. Close after close
D. All the above

15. Bus bar assembly ………Alignment of switchgear

ANS: (B)

A. Before
 B. After
C. during

16. Isolation media in 33KV Bus bar (mostly)

ANS: (A)

A. SF6
B. AIR
C. VACCUM
D. OIL

17. What is construction of MV cable & function of each component?

1- Conductor

• Carries the load current.

2- Conductor screen

• Ensures smooth and void free interface with insulation

 3- Insulation

• Prevents the flow of electricity from the energized conductors to the ground or an
adjacent conductor
• Withstands the electrical stresses produced by the alternating voltage
• Withstands superimposed transient voltage stress on the conductor without dielectric
failure causing a short circuit

4- Insulation screen

• Ensures that the electrical field is confined within the polymeric insulation
• Strippable type and bonded type.

5- Copper Screen

• Keeps the insulation screen at Earth potential.

• Carries the charging current.
• Carries the part of short circuit current

6- Filler

• Fills gaps between cores

• Rounds up the cable

7- Binder Tape

• Binds the cores & filler together and separates the cores from the next layer

8- Bedding

• Serves as a cushion for the armour

• Extruded bedding protects ingress of water

9- Armour

• Protects against mechanical stresses

• Carries the part of Earth Fault current
• Steel Tape Armour (STA)
• Galvanized Steel Wire (GSW) or (SWA) Steel Wire Armour

You want to add one new cable to a 33KV Switchgear GIS & do the termination works?
How to check that Proper point of Isolation is made?
1- Through the Mimic Diagram (CB Off – Isolator open, CB and Earthing)
2- Built in Voltage indicator to be checked
3- Test socket at plug in termination if it is available
What are the FB types, what's the difference?
What is meaning of isolation?

o To isolate the equipment from all connected source of supply loads.

How to isolate 11/0.415kv auxiliary / Distribution transformers?

o Transfer loads.

o Switch off 415V isolator or CB, Lock where possible and display a Caution Notice on the
operating handle.

o Switch off the 11kv CB, and rack it out.

o Prove that the 11kV cable spouts are dead using a high voltage indicator.

o Lock the 11kV bus bar shutters and hang a Danger Notice through the lock.

o Earth the 11kV cable using a built—in earthing switch or earthing truck. Lock the
operating pushbutton or handle wherever possible and display a Caution Notice on the
truck or switch.

o Close the 11kV cubicle door and if possible lock it. Hang a Caution Notice on the control
switch.

o Issue the PTW.

How to isolate 11 KV cable?

How to isolate 11 substations?

How to isolate 11KV BB at SW/STN?

How to isolate 11KV BB at PRY?