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21-04-22 Intel's Rule 50 (B) Motion For JMOL
21-04-22 Intel's Rule 50 (B) Motion For JMOL
INTEL CORPORATION,
Defendant.
1
Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 59, Intel is concurrently filing a motion for a new trial on
infringement, invalidity, and damages (“Rule 59 Motion”). Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 52, Intel
is also filing briefs on bench trial issues relating to the ’759 patent (“’759 Bench Trial Brief”)
and unclean hands (“Unclean Hands Bench Trial Brief”).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ii
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page(s)
CASES
Branch-Hines v. Hebert,
939 F.2d 1311 (5th Cir. 1991) ...............................................................................................2, 8
Carson v. Polley,
689 F.2d 562 (5th Cir. 1982) ...................................................................................................19
iii
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EXHIBITS
The exhibits cited in this motion as “Ex. __” are attached to the Declaration of Jeffrey A.
Dennhardt, filed as an attachment to this motion.
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PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
Following a six-day trial, the jury found that Intel literally infringed claims 1, 5, 6, 9, and
11 of U.S. Patent No. 7,523,373 (“the ’373 patent”) and infringed claims 14, 17, 18, and 24 of
U.S. Patent No. 7,725,759 (“the ’759 patent”) under the doctrine of equivalents. (Dkt. 564 at 2-
3.) The jury also found that Intel had not met its burden to prove that claims 14, 17, 18, and 24
of the ’759 patent were invalid. (Id. at 5.) The jury awarded VLSI a total of $2.175 billion in
damages: a lump sum of $1.5 billion for the ’373 patent and a lump sum of $675 million for the
’759 patent. (Id. at 6-7.) As explained below, however, the jury’s verdicts on infringement and
validity, as well as the amount of damages it awarded, were contrary to law and not supported by
substantial evidence. Therefore, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(b), Intel requests that the Court
enter judgment as a matter of law (“JMOL”) of no infringement for the ’373 and ’759 patents,
JMOL of invalidity for the ’759 patent, and JMOL of no damages. See Mirror Worlds, LLC v.
Apple Inc., 784 F. Supp. 2d 703, 710 (E.D. Tex. 2011) (JMOL “appropriate when ‘a reasonable
jury would not have a legally sufficient evidentiary basis to find for the [non-moving] party on
that issue’” (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(a))), aff’d, 692 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2012); Retractable
Techs., Inc. v. Becton Dickinson & Co., 842 F.3d 883, 891 (5th Cir. 2016).
The jury found that the C6 SRAM power multiplexer in Intel’s Haswell and Broadwell
products literally infringes claims 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 of the ’373 patent. (Dkt. 564 at 2.)2 JMOL
2
At trial, VLSI did not assert the doctrine of equivalents for the ’373 patent. (See 2/23 Tr.
[Conte] 451:14-20.)
1
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the asserted claims require—because it is not. (2/25 Tr. [Sylvester] 941:7-24, 944:12-945:4,
954:14-21; DDX-7.17.) Indeed, Dr. Conte never explained how any voltage values stored in the
SRAM memory—including the “minimum voltage” that the C6 SRAM must receive to reliably
retain information. Intel’s expert Dr. Sylvester, and Intel engineer Jonathan Douglas
all agreed that RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE applies generally to the “ring domain,” which
contains multiple components beyond the C6 SRAM (e.g., CBO, ring, multiple memory
RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE and the C6 SRAM specifically (as opposed to the entire ring
domain), and VLSI presented no evidence to the contrary. (2/25 Tr. [Douglas] 859:11-20.)
For the accused Haswell and Broadwell products, Dr. Conte identified only two Intel
Mr. Douglas, and Intel engineer Dan Borkowski all confirmed that the C6 SRAM and other
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lower RING_VF_VOLTAGE_0 voltage level, and (2) are fully operational at the
RING_VF_VOLTAGE_0 level, which is actually used in the accused products. (2/25 Tr.
105:3-7, 105:17-25, 106:6-108:7; D-1661; D-1107 (A-D); DDX-7.21.) This evidence establishes
that RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE is not the “minimum retention voltage” (or any other
In rebuttal, Dr. Conte pointed to an Intel document showing a “Vretention” below a “v/f
0” point (D-505 at 24) and offered conclusory arguments that this rebutted the testimony of Dr.
Sylvester and Intel’s engineers (3/1 Tr. [Conte] 1425:15-1426:20), but Dr. Conte agreed that it
was a draft document and “not a final description of the products” (id. at 1435:11-1436:11). Dr.
Conte also claimed that Dr. Sylvester had failed to account for “inverse temperature dependence”
opinion Dr. Conte offered for the first time at trial and only during rebuttal—but Dr. Conte
provided no factual support for this claim. (See id. at 1429:21-25.) Moreover, Dr. Conte’s
conclusory opinion cannot be squared with Intel engineer testimony and other factual evidence in
the record, including pcode for the accused products showing that
4
On cross-examination, VLSI’s counsel asked Intel’s expert Dr. Sylvester about a document
with “Vmin” data for Haswell and Broadwell processors. (2/25 Tr. [Sylvester] 986:15-989:11;
PTX-3675.) But Dr. Sylvester explained on re-direct that “Vmin” refers to an active voltage “to
meet a performance specification”—not a retention voltage—and has no connection to
RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE or any minimum operating voltage of the accused C6 SRAM
memory. (2/25 Tr. [Sylvester] 1013:6-1016:2.) Dr. Conte never testified about this “Vmin”
document at all, let alone that the “Vmin” figures have any relation to the accused
RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE fuse.
4
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value of the minimum operating voltage,” and (2) “the second regulated voltage … when the first
regulated voltage is less than the value of the minimum operating voltage.” (PTX-4, claims 1, 5,
6.) Each asserted apparatus claim also requires “a power supply selector that supplies” as the
operating voltage of the memory (1) “the first regulated voltage ... when the first regulated
voltage is at least the minimum operating voltage” and (2) “the second regulated voltage ... when
the first regulated voltage is below the minimum operating voltage.” (Id., claims 9, 11.)
Even under VLSI’s theory that the RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE fuse stores the
“minimum operating voltage” value of the C6 SRAM, VLSI introduced no evidence that the
RING_RETENTION_VOLTAGE fuse value is ever used to guide “when” VCCR (what VLSI
accuses as the “first regulated voltage”) and VCCIO (what VLSI accuses as the “second
Each asserted method claim further requires that, “while the second regulated voltage is
provided as the operating voltage of the memory, the first regulated voltage is provided to the
functional circuit.” (PTX-4, claims 1, 5, 6.) Similarly, each asserted apparatus claim requires “a
6
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power supply selector” that “supplies the second regulated voltage” to the memory “while” “the
circuit [that provides a function] uses the first regulated voltage.” (Id., claims 9, 11.)
However,
Intel’s witnesses testified that during the Package C7 sleep state—the state in which VCCIO
(what VLSI accuses as the “second regulated voltage”) powers the C6 SRAM bitcells—the
VCCR voltage (what VLSI accuses as the “first regulated voltage”) is unregulated and the
components on the ring are inoperable. (2/25 Tr. [Douglas] 863:16-864:19; id. [Sylvester] at
any evidence that the ramped voltage is “reliable” during the ramp—as his own definition of a
regulated voltage requires. (2/23 Tr. [Conte] 383:15-384:5.) On the contrary, Intel’s witnesses
confirmed that VCCR is not regulated or reliable, nor are the ring components operable, during
this “ramp.” (2/25 Tr. [Douglas] 864:20-865:18, 880:19-881:23; id. [Sylvester] at 963:16-
964:17.) And, again, Dr. Conte offered no contrary evidence in his rebuttal testimony; in fact, he
agreed with Mr. Douglas’s testimony that the components in the ring domain are shut off and not
functional during the Package C7 state. (DDX-19.7; 3/1 Tr. [Conte] 1437:18-23.)
Accordingly, JMOL is required because no reasonable jury could find that what VLSI
7
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As an initial matter, to overcome a prior art rejection during prosecution, the ’759
applicant amended its claims to require that the claimed “request” is (1) “sent from the master
device” (not from “at least one of the plurality of master devices,” as previously claimed), and
(2) “in response to a predefined change in performance of the master device” (not on a regular,
periodic basis unrelated to any change in performance of the master device, as also previously
claimed). (D-249 at 350; 2/23 Tr. [Conte] 460:8-461:25.) Yet Dr. Conte asserted at trial that the
“request” limitations were satisfied by data sent by a combination of components (the core and
pcode running on the PCU) based on information sent continuously and periodically (not in
response to a performance change). (2/23 Tr. [Conte] 468:11-18, 470:8-471:12.) In other words,
Dr. Conte’s equivalents theory improperly recaptured subject matter that the patentee had
surrendered to obtain the claims. Thus, as explained more fully in Intel’s ’759 Bench Trial Brief,
prosecution history estoppel bars VLSI from relying on the doctrine of equivalents. See, e.g.,
Energy Transp. Grp., Inc. v. William Demant Holding A/S, 697 F.3d 1342, 1360 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
(affirming JMOL of no equivalents due to prosecution history estoppel); Cobalt Boats, LLC v.
Brunswick Corp., 773 F. App’x 611, 617-19 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (nonprecedential) (same).
As also explained in Intel’s ’759 Bench Trial Brief, VLSI’s equivalents argument
improperly vitiated the claim requirement of sending the “request” from the first master device
“in response to a predefined change in performance of the first master device.” (PTX-5, claims
14, 18.) Dr. Conte conceded that sending C0 residency information occurs “periodically”
irrespective of any changes in performance of the core. (2/23 Tr. [Conte] 468:11-18, 470:8-
471:12.) To treat this regularly-sent information as equivalent to the claimed “request” would
thus eliminate the “in response to a predefined change in performance of the first master device”
9
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Ventures, LLC, 571 U.S. 191, 198-99 (2014); Synthes USA, LLC v. Spinal Kinetics, Inc., 2012
WL 4483158, at *12 (N.D. Cal. 2012). Regardless, for the reasons stated above, VLSI failed to
prove infringement of any claim, and thus no claim for indirect infringement can exist.
A patent is invalid if, before the patented invention, “the invention was made in this
country by another inventor who had not abandoned, suppressed, or concealed it.” 35 U.S.C.
§ 102(g) (pre-AIA). The jury found that Intel did not prove by clear and convincing evidence
that claims 14, 17, 18, and 24 of the ’759 patent are invalid as anticipated by Intel’s Yonah
processor. (Dkt. 564 at 5.) But given the evidence presented at trial, a reasonable jury could
only conclude that each asserted claim of the ’759 patent is anticipated by Intel’s prior invention
of Yonah.
As an initial matter, it is undisputed that Yonah is prior art under § 102(g). (2/26 Tr.
1040:7-1041:17 (“Mr. Chu: … We’re not contesting that Yonah qualifies as prior art.”); id.
D-960; D-961; D-26; D-294; DDX-10.54; DDX-10.56; DDX-10.63; 3/1 Tr. 1542:11-12; Dkt.
563 at 31.) Intel also presented conclusive evidence that Yonah included each limitation of the
asserted claims. At trial, VLSI’s assertion otherwise was based solely on its argument that
Yonah did not have a hardware-based “programmable clock controller.” (3/1 Tr. [Conte]
1410:12-20.) But as explained below, VLSI’s argument is foreclosed by the claim language and
• Element 14[A]: As VLSI did not contest, Yonah included a bus capable of operating
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• Elements 14[B], 14[C]: As VLSI did not contest, Yonah included two cores (a “first
master device” and a “second master device”), each of which was coupled to the bus—and the
first core (via the operating system running on it) tracked the workload of the core, and in
response to a predefined change in performance of the first core, issued requests to change the
clock frequency of a high-speed clock. (2/26 Tr. [Rotem] 1050:1-8, 1058:7-22, 1096:21-1097:1,
• Elements 14[D], 14[E]: Yonah included “a programmable clock controller” that had
an “embedded computer program therein” configured to receive a “request” from the first core.
1226:1-1227:6; 3/1 Tr. [Grunwald] 1345:17-1346:14; D-31; D-267 at 8, 11; D-284; D-948-D-
950; D-955-D-964; DDX-10.71; DDX-10.72.) Dr. Conte’s opinion that Yonah does not
anticipate was based solely on his opinion that Yonah did not have a hardware-based
programmable clock controller (3/1 Tr. [Conte] 1410:12-1417:12; PDX5.7-5.10), but the claim
language and specification make clear that a hardware-based controller is not required and that
software may be used (e.g., PTX-5 at 2:51-57, claims 14, 18). Indeed, Dr. Conte agreed that the
claimed “programmable clock controller” has “an embedded computer program,” which is “a
software program.” (2/23 Tr. [Conte] 492:25-493:10.) He also acknowledged that the ’759
patent specification “refers specifically to firmware” and “also refers specifically to software.”
(3/1 Tr. [Conte] 1446:15-24; see PTX-5 at 2:51-57.) Dr. Conte then admitted that the Yonah
operating system “had ultimate control over frequency changes,” that “the operating system was
executed in the cores of Yonah,” and that “it was that operating system in Yonah” that “asked the
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hardware to change the frequencies.” (3/1 Tr. [Conte] 1446:1-13; see id. [Conte] at 1406:2-14.)
The evidence thus establishes that Yonah included the claimed “programmable clock controller”
under the plain meaning of the claim language, which does not require a hardware-based clock
controller.
clock controller outputted the same high-speed clock frequency to control both the second core
and the bus. (2/26 Tr. [Rotem] 1060:1-7, 1066:9-1067:18, 1069:16-21, 1086:11-18, 1124:15-24;
id. [Grunwald] at 1172:9-1173:25, 1227:7-1228:17; D-31; D-32; D-33 at 36; D-267; D-274 at 8;
DDX-10.73; DDX-10.74; 3/1 Tr. [Conte] 1446:25-1447:9.) Indeed, Dr. Conte admitted that
Yonah had a PLL that “provided common clock control to all of Yonah.” (3/1 Tr. [Conte]
1446:25-1447:9.)
As to the other asserted claims, Intel showed that Yonah satisfied elements 18[A], 18[B],
and 18[E]-[I] for the same reasons it satisfied the corresponding elements in claim 14. (2/26 Tr.
[Grunwald] 1229:4-10.) VLSI did not contest Intel’s proof that Yonah satisfied the added
“arbiter” requirements of claim 18—via a router coupled to the bus, the first master device, and
the clock controller, and that arbitrates between requests, thereby controlling the flow of data on
the bus. (Id. at 1229:11-1230:3; D-281; D-31.) Nor did VLSI challenge Intel’s proof that Yonah
included each additional limitation required by dependent claims 17 and 24. (2/26 Tr. [Rotem]
On this record, a reasonable jury could only find that Yonah included each limitation of
the asserted claims under the plain meaning of the claim language. The Court should therefore
As described above, the jury awarded a lump sum of $1.5 billion for the ’373 patent and a
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record”).)14 And the $2.175 billion lump sum awarded by the jury differs from Dr. Sullivan’s
analysis in both amount and form. (See PDX7.64, PDX7.66 (Dr. Sullivan calculating $1.61
billion for the ’373 patent and $831 million for the ’759 patent, each representing a running
royalty rather than a lump sum).) In any event, based on the trial record, no reasonable jury
could have: (1) found that Intel and/or Freescale—the parties to the hypothetical negotiation
value either asserted patent (2/24 Tr. [Sullivan] 705:13-707:4, 708:19-712:22); (2) accepted the
results of the flawed tests performed by VLSI’s technical experts, on which Dr. Sullivan’s
damages calculations hinged (2/24 Tr. [Sullivan] 702:4-703:2, 703:17-704:17, 728:6-729:17; id.
866:6; id. [Sylvester] at 969:17-981:4; PTX-983; 2/26 Tr. [Rotem] 1124:4-6; Sealed Tr. [Conte]
DDX19.15); (3) accepted Dr. Sullivan’s regression analysis, which improperly included the
value of non-accused products and non-accused features, yet did not include the accused
713:7-714:10, 720:6-723:10); and (4) accepted that the parties to the hypothetical negotiation
would have agreed to give VLSI 100% of the profits attributable to the alleged use of the patents,
as Dr. Sullivan’s analysis improperly assumed (2/24 Tr. [Sullivan] 661:11-664:20). See Rule 59
14
Although VLSI never put the damages numbers derived from Dr. Sullivan’s calculations into
evidence, it appears the Court inadvertently sent them back to the jury room during deliberations.
(Ex. 2; Ex. 3 (list of exhibits made available to jury during deliberations that includes unadmitted
PTX-3909, PTX-3910, and PTX-3912).) As explained in Intel’s Rule 59 Motion, if this Court
does not grant Intel’s motion for JMOL, it should grant a new trial because the jury
“inadvertently considered inadmissible evidence” that was prejudicial to Intel. See Carson v.
Polley, 689 F.2d 562, 569-71 (5th Cir. 1982).
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Motion at 6-11. Because Dr. Sullivan’s damages testimony depended on each of these defective
methodologies, JMOL of no damages should enter. See Crystal Semiconductor Corp. v. TriTech
Microelecs. Int’l, Inc., 246 F.3d 1336, 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (affirming JMOL due to unreliable
Fourth, Dr. Sullivan improperly used all of Intel’s revenues from sales of the accused
products to justify VLSI’s damages claim—without any evidence that the asserted patents are the
supposed “basis” for customer demand for the accused products. (2/24 Tr. [Sullivan] 652:9-21,
653:3-20, 655:18-658:2; PTX-3903; PDX7.49; PDX7.53.) This violates the entire market value
rule and warrants JMOL of no damages. See Lucent Techs., 580 F.3d at 1337-40 (reversing
denial of JMOL on damages issues where damages expert relied on total price of product and
entire market value rule did not apply); see also Rule 59 Motion 11.
Finally, VLSI’s damages claim is legally deficient because, as set forth in Intel’s
Daubert motions concerning the opinions of Dr. Sullivan, Mr. Chandler, Dr. Conte, and Dr.
Annavaram (Dkts. 261, 262, 264, 265), VLSI’s damages-related experts should not have been
permitted to testify on certain issues. See Rule 59 Motion at 1-12. Because VLSI’s entire
damages case at trial rested on that unreliable evidence, there was no proper basis on which a
reasonable jury could award damages in any amount. VLSI thus “failed to present a damages
case that can support the jury’s verdict” and “waived the right to damages based on alternate
theories,” such that JMOL of no damages should enter. See Finjan, Inc. v. Blue Coat Sys., Inc.,
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Intel respectfully requests that the Court enter JMOL of no
infringement for the asserted claims of the ’373 and ’759 patents, invalidity for the asserted
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that all counsel of record who are deemed to have consented to electronic
service are being served with a copy of the foregoing document via electronic mail on April 9,
2021.
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