Influence of E-Learning on Academic Performance

By
Sheikh Omer Salman
Kashmala Valecha
Udat Kumar
Rameesha Asfa Ali

Institute of Business Management

Submitted to
Ma’am Nimra Sharif

Karachi, Pakistan
2019

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Running Head: E-LEARNING AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Acknowledgement

First, we are very grateful to Almighty Allah (SWT) for giving us the strength to compile and
complete this report. We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to anyone
who has been directly or indirectly involved in the completion of the report. Special thanks to
Ma’am Nimra Sharif for her constant guidance and support without which allowed us to
successfully complete the report. Thanks to all the group members who contributed thoroughly
to the research, without the support and efforts of each group member it wouldn’t have been an
easy task
Lastly, we would like thank all the respondents who took out a few minutes of their precious
time to fill the Questionnaire, without them the research would not have been possible.

Thank you.

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Letter of Transmittal

Ma’am Nimra Sharif

Course Instructor
Institute of Business Management
Korangi Creek,
Karachi.

Subject: Letter of Transmittal

Respected Ma’am:
We have chosen the topic “Influence of E-Learning on Academic Performance” as our Research
Project. We have conducted the research as thoroughly as possible and have tried to compile it in
a comprehensive form. We would appreciate if any shortcomings are brought to our notice.
Please find the research Report on this topic attached with this letter.
A lot of effort has been put in this report and we hope that whoever refers to it will find it useful
and interesting.

Sincerely,
Rameesha Asfa Ali -19881
Sheikh Omer Salman-19377
Kashmala Valeecha-20509
Udat Kumar-20913

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Abstract

The use of Internet Technologies has spread widely in all fields and has influenced everyone’s
life in every aspect. People have benefited from the use of internet and now IT is incorporated in
education systems that assist the students in their Academics. This purpose of this research was
to know the influence E-Learning has on student’s academic performance
This study has been limited to the students of institute of business Management
(IoBM).Convenience Probability sampling has been used, the sample size for this research was
150 students both male and female ranging from 18-35+. In order to collect the data
Questionnaires were filled. Two variables were present in the research i.e. E-Learning and
Students academic Performance
Following technique were performed on this research using statistical tools i.e. SPSS and the
tests that were performed were reliability test i.e. Cronbach Alpha

Keywords: E Learning, Academic Performance, Information Technology, Influence

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................ii
Letter of Transmittal...................................................................................................................................iii
Abstract......................................................................................................................................................iv
Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................................v
List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................vi
List of Tables.............................................................................................................................................vii
Chapter 1- Introduction...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Scope of the Research.......................................................................................................................3
1.3 Objective of Research........................................................................................................................3
1.4 Problem Statement............................................................................................................................3
1.5 Research Question.............................................................................................................................3
1.6 Hypothesis.........................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2- Literature Review.......................................................................................................................4
2.1 Review of literature...........................................................................................................................4
2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................................................14
Chapter 3 - Methodology..........................................................................................................................15
3.1 Data.................................................................................................................................................15
3.2 VARIABLES.......................................................................................................................................15
3.3 INCLUSION CRITERIA........................................................................................................................15
3.4 SAMPLE............................................................................................................................................15
3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE....................................................................................................................15
3.6 STATISTICALS MODELS.....................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................16
Works Cited...............................................................................................................................................16

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List of Figures

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List of Tables

vii
 Chapter 1- Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

In recent times, the internet and computers have been embedded into our daily lives. The
use of internet to share our views, ideas and life has also resulted in a significant impact
on how we work, study and spend our time. The development of information Technology
(IT) and the proliferation of internet have resulted in an ever-increasing change in
people’s lives on various scales including teaching and learning. The internet has grown
into the most widely used source for learning and has opened many doors for people
around the world to have access to education at a fewer cost or free.

This research is conducted in order to find out the impact of eLearning on academic
performance. According to McNamee(2018) online learning takes the use of digital
resources for learning and training. According to the observation of (Djamshid
Tavangarian(2004) E-learning is the adoption of electronic media to facilitate teaching
and learning. It utilizes technology to deliver information embedded in educational
material to learners situated in diverse geographical areas.

E Learning has influenced many people around the globe and one way or the other
individuals have incorporated technology in their everyday life which does have an
impact on their lives. Saleem & Rasheed(2014). Many academic institutions are now
moving towards the use of electronic learning strategies for their students within teaching
and learning methods. Saleem & Rasheed(2014).The main reason for this is that it would
lead to greater efficiency and better academic performance for the students. Saleem &
Rasheed(2014) Technology has resulted in the removal of any geographical barrier that
was once an obstacle for students and has thus removed the need for any physical
interaction between the Professor/lecturer and the student that was once needed. Due to

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this reason, E-Learning does provide easy access to teaching and thus resulting in better
academic performance.

The influence E-learning has on academic performance will depend upon whether the
student interacting to such technology will be able to understand and grasp what has been
taught to them.
It has been found that students that engaged in E-Learning, generally performed better
than those in traditional courses.[ CITATION Hol12 \l 1033 ]Found that students who
participate in online/ E-Learning achieve better grades than students who studied
traditional approach. Due to the advancement of technology in educational field, e-
learning is gaining attention in education and for this reason; many educational
institutions are now blending technology into their system. Most of the Public and Private
sector institutions have become aware of the impact of online learning in academic
achievement and are implementing the technology.

Much attentions and effort is given to online learning around the world. In Pakistan,
almost every university is taking advantage of this type of learning and extensively using
the technology, Rahman(2014).The purpose of the current study is to investigate the
influence E-Learning has on academic performance of student achievement.

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1.2 Scope of the Research

The research focuses on the influence of incorporating information technology on the

students’ performance in universities. The data collection will be conducted on a sample
size of 100-150studentsof the total population of Institute of Business Management. This
study will not consider other factors that influence performance. The other students which
do not study in Institute of Business Management are not within the scope of this research.
The study would be done through the utilization of questionnaire to the students as a
survey and reference. Through this method we will be able to gather quantitative data that
will help us to analyze the impact of E learning with academic performance.

1.3 Objective of Research

The general objective of this study was to establish the impact of e-learning on academic
performance of students.
The specific objectives of the study were to determine:
i) If the use of Technology helps students in Time Management.
ii) If the use of Technology helps increase student engagement.
iii) If the use of technology helps students to understand better.
iv) If the use of technology helps students in skill development.
v) If the use of technology improves the overall academic performance of students.

1.4 Problem Statement

Students sometimes are unable to stay focused in the class due to many different reasons
which leads to less learning and ending up with grade they did not wish in the first place. This
research will help in determining whether using the e-platforms is resulting in efficiency for
students and better academic performance.

1.5 Research Question

1.51 is there a significant impact of technology and academic performance?

1.6 Hypothesis
H1: Information Technology has no significant impact on students’ academic Performance.

H2: Information Technology has no significant impact on student engagement.

H3: Information Technology has no significant impact on student’s understanding.

H4: Information Technology has no significant impact on student’s skill development.

H5: Information Technology has no significant impact on student’s time management.

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Chapter 2- Literature Review

2.1 Review of literature

According to Zare(2016) using information technology can lead to development of skills

that can be applied to different fieldsThe research was conducted in at the Payame Noor
University of Hamedan, Iran, that studied the impact of e-learning on content
Knowledge and creativity of students studying chemistry. A sample of 100 chemistry
students was taken. Forty students were selected from this group and 20 were placed in
the experimental group and 20 were placed in the control group. Therefore in the end it
was concluded that for knowledge and creativity e-learning is effective amongst
chemistry students.

According to Franklin & nahari (2018) a study in Saudia Arabia assessed the impact of E-
learning on academic performance. A sample size of 163 students were there as the
researchers unit of analysis.
The impact of the exogenous variables on the endogenous variables was evaluated
through Structural equation modeling (SEM). The study confirmed that web based
learning and online lectures have indirect influence on performance of academic staff
and also has a direct impact on performance of academic staff.

The most important objective of this article has been to examine the relationship
between the sum of student virtual learning ability (VLE) and the VLE teaching styles and
the resulting students’ performance. The primary discoveries in this manner
demonstrate that utilizing VLE as an extra stage for giving an opportunity to understand
the lecture does not have an impact on the students’ scholarly execution. However, the
utilization of VLE as an instrument to supply students with an opportunity to effectively
take an interest in the learning prepare by advancing online talk, giving extra instructive
understanding etc. does empower students to receive a deep learning approach that
makes strides their scholarly accomplishment. [ CITATION Cho14 \l 1033 ]

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Employing a huge regulatory dataset from a statewide community college system, the authors
utilized an instrumental variable procedure to assess the effect of online versus face-to-face
course conveyance on students’ course execution, as shown by course persistence and last
course review. Investigations surrender strong negative gauges for online learning in terms of
both course tirelessness and course review[ CITATION jag13 \l 1033 ].

An was an overview done on the viability of distance learning based on electronic instructive
assets of Kazan Federal University (KFU). Economic analysis appeared that critical variables
within the adequacy are: timeliness of E-Learning appearance at the college, interface of
Electronic Educational Assets (EER) framework on the college site; constant use of E-Learning
elements by instructors within the prepare of education; evaluating the need of utilize of E-
learning components at the university; availability of video association with the educator as an
E-learning component [ CITATION Elv16 \l 1033 ].

According to [ CITATION Bou08 \l 1033 ] e-learning has many challenges and these challenges
have been confronted by students, the changing part of the learner, and the affect learning can
have on students. The researcher emphasizes that arrangement ought to be carried out at the
school level earlier to introducing e-learning into the students curriculum. It concludes by
talking about the discoveries of the inquire about which identifies a run of issues schools may
need to consider, when grasping e-learning.

According to Chen(2016) recommendations an online course should have a well-designed

course substance, spurred interaction between the educators and learners, well-prepared and
fully-supported instructors; 2) creation of a sense of online learning community; and 3) fast
progression of innovation. In doing this, it is trusted that this will invigorate an on-going talk of
compelling procedures that can improve colleges and staff victory in transitioning to instruct
online.

Electronic learning (e-learning) has gained reasonable acknowledgment from instructive

institutions at all levels. There are different considerations conducted by analysts considering
different viewpoints of e-learning to examine how we are able benefit in giving quality
education. this paper carefully select distributed inquire about article of past six a long time and

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study how the investigate was conducted and which research methods are connected to
achieve comes about. We moreover explore how case thinks about are displayed for assessing
comes about. We finally present our discoveries from conducting this think about of e-learning
research at auxiliary and the higher instruction levels [ CITATION Ash16 \l 1033 ].

An experimental design was conducted with a controlled group. The sample included 52
students who have physical education in A and B classes in Kirsehir M. HüsnüOzyegin Primary
School. A volleyball academic achievement test was used for data collection. The results
indicated that online supported teaching was beneficial to the students’ cognitive academic
achievement in the field of volleyball according to traditional teaching [ CITATION Tur17 \l 1033 ].

The experience of students have changed as a result of e learning, the students are now taking
advantage of the opportunity and have incorporated online courses and other methods of
online learning. The traditional ways of learning that included sitting through the classes and
taking notes have become less practiced. Data collection for this research was done through
questionnaire which was handed out to undergraduate students and the data analyzed and
results assessed. The results indicated a positive influence of eLearning on academic
performance of the respondents[ CITATION sur18 \l 1033 ].

Smartphones are used by students as a tool to foster e-learning and web-based learning. The
study was conducted to see the relationship between students using smartphones’ and the
resulting academic performance. Multiple groups were also taken into consideration in order to
see whether the relation was different amongst students depending upon their majors. The
results showed positive coefficients and were statistically significant [ CITATION Sun18 \l 1033 ]

According to insook & won(2016) mobile learning has an effect on academic performance of
students. Data was gathered form 1604 students were collected from 1604 students who were
studying in an online university in Koreas. The results showed certain significant factors that are
useful in predicting student’s use of mobile learning, these factors were employment and age
and there was also a strong link between characteristics (psychological), age and gender. In
conclusion the research demonstrated that there was a positive influence of mobile learning on
academic success.

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A study shows that Grade 1 students scored higher on the learner's personal effectiveness
Levels. This is because students who have achieved better self-efficacy in post-test scores may
be linked with students become more competent and boost confident in some ways of the PDP
as consequences of their use of the VLS. Other facts for higher student grades may be closely
related with students’ positive results in-terms of getting advancement over course of study, in
terms, Practices Improving the Student's Personal Effectiveness Results of Achieving
Curriculum.
There were no differences in the personal effectiveness of learner. This refers that the VLS has a
bit impact on the betterment of students' behavior. This result was unpredictable since the
preceding papers on the impact of motivation mock-up evolved to improve aspirant motivation
and verdict development, along with PDP literature, image, and e-portfolios, all pointed out
those were holistic development rewards to be achieved for students who part of PDP
activities. In addition, VLE has no remarkable effect on ways of styling, does not refer that the
WBPTS has no impact over other ways of student studies [ CITATION mck17 \l 1033 ].

It is a fact that this is a digital era and it tends to increase the use of technologies in schools and
universities to achieve better result and explore the digital environment. Students are now
increasingly expected to use more electronic information resources to gain worldwide
knowledge at the university level. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of
influence of self-efficacy and the use of electric information resources as a predictor on
students’ academic performance. Three research questions were considered to help in the
study. the result indicates that both the self-efficacy and the electronic information jointly
contributes to achieve the desirable academic performance; the respondents with the high self-
efficacy makes better use of online information using various technologies and can have better
academic performance; but still a correlation exists among self-efficacy, use of electronic
resources and academic performance; and the use of electronic information influenced
respondents performance in every general educational subjects more than the other irrelevant
subjects. Finally, result of this study reveals that an internet is the most useful electronic source
for students to access any kind of information.

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According to White-harris(2017) the study examined that if there is a positive influence of use
of technology on students’ academic performance including both theoretical and in practices
courses (reading and mathematics). Although several other studies are focusing on this topic on
find out the most common practices, there are some portions that are simply limited due to the
study's relevance and state mandated variables. Moreover, this study supported the previous
researches related to these theories in some chapters, as well as in czaja, charness, Rogers, &
sharit's report concerning technology integration. As in educational system requires continuous
investment of tax dollars, federal funds, and grant money to check over the hardware and
software components, there should also be a continuous research on the effectiveness of the
system. This is important as more programs are implemented and as more update requires to
for student’s achievement, especially at the middle level school and must be solidarity in what
contributes to student’s growth and achievement.
As technology is growing rapidly among college students, within and outside the classroom,
therefore it becomes increasingly important to question the impact and its effect on student’s
achievement. Cognitive theory and multitasking research strongly support a negative effect
while other studies have found little to no effect. This study used a large sample to students to
find out the opposing result and make it clear. It explored the frequency relationship of
student’s use of technology and its impact on their academic performance measured by GPA,
SAT sources, study hours and predicted course grade. This study also examined the role of
gender and employment status for this purpose a hypothesis were partially supported, with the
frequency of technology use negatively related to academic performance [ CITATION wen14 \l
1033 ].

The study aimed to determine whether self-directed online learning would be influential for
student learning about basic understanding of chemistry and creativity. Design was used and
comprises groups depicts that the Self-Directed Learning Group achieves better grades in
chemistry and is more creative than the traditional group. Thus, it could be said that the
autonomous usage of the e-learning techniques brings more effectiveness in improving student
creativity (being fluid, original, flexible, and elaborative) and creativity as compared to the
traditional lecture method. The results are expected to the extent that the self-directed online
learning method encourages the independent efforts of students, who finds answers by
themselves instead of depending on their instructor. Self-research leads to self-sufficiency and
big data collected from easily available scientific resources. Number of answers to a peculiar
question are gained that require them to make sound verdict about the adequate responses
that foster their creativity in the procedure. The use of images and sounds properties of e-
learning helps to learning more internally, which can have a positive impact on student
creativity[ CITATION Sal14 \l 1033 ].
The interest and attributes toward online learning and enhancement of the knowledge has
increased. This study was examined to determine the level of acceptance by the faculty and
students and how it is involved in their institutes to adequately explain the procedure on the

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course. Result must indicate the usefulness of the course and its impact on the achievement of
their goals. The technology acceptance model was capable to safely give an explanation for
college acceptance of online education. Results point out that perceived usefulness is a strong
indicator of school acceptance; however, perceived ease of use gives little extra predictive
strength past that contributed by way of perceived usefulness of online training technology
[ CITATION Gib08 \l 1033 ].

Every university has its own reasons of implementing e-learning. It is quite noticeable that e-
learning opportunities, being provided by higher educational institutes, keep on growing in
area. Still a little research has been conducted for verifying the whole process of how the e-
learning is being applied and adopted by the university student. So, a random 628 student
sample participated in the research. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was
used with the LISREL program to describe the adoption process. The general structural model
was emerged based on the technology acceptance model (tam) which included: subjective
norms, behavioral intention of how to use e-learning, how to access the system and many
more. According to the results, TAM happen to be a good theoretical mechanism to understand
users’ acceptance of e-learning. Self-efficacy WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT TOOL OF E-LEARNING
THAT BEING FOLLOWED by subjective norm in analyzing the process in the model [ CITATION
Par09 \l 1033 ].

20)E-learning is become evident as the new standard example of recent education system
worldwide, it touch the rate of 35.6% in e-learning market, but failures exist. Author developed
an integrated model with six dimensions: courses, instructions, technology, design, learners,
instructor, and environment. According to the study, learner computer anxiety, instructor
attitude toward e-Learning, e-Learning course flexibility, e-Learning course quality, perceived
usefulness, perceived ease of use, and diversity in assessments are the crucial factors affecting
learners’ perceived satisfaction.
(Pei-chen sun 2007)
21)The main objectives of this study is to conduct the research about the impact of e-learning
in medical education. E-learning reveals to be at least as efficient as long-established
instructor-led methods such as lectures. in medical education contexts. Use of E-learning helps
the learners to control over content learning sequence speed of learning time management and
sometimes about deep knowledge through media servers. According to author survey medical
students are getting more knowledge on introduction of e-learning E-learning presents
numerous research opportunities for faculty, along with continuing challenges for documenting
scholarship. Introduces of e-learning for not only helped students for study base it also played a
vital role in for improving the infrastructure and management of the digital laborties in a
modernized path use of e-learning has changed the student life.
Ruiz, Jorge G., MD; Mintzer, Michael J.MD.(2007)

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22)As world become globalized use of technology is increasing day by day but in education
sector it is increasing steadily for different purpose for learners and instructors mostly
students take a good advantage of this development and create a positive impact in this
sectors, as per research of the author it has conducted that this technology based education
system has some negative factors according to this articles eight factors were found which
becomes barriers to students for online learning 1) managerial issue 2) social issue 3) academic
issue 4) scientific issue 5) learner motivation 6) time and support issue 7) cost and accessibility
of internet issue 8) technical skills issue . these dependent variables affected considerably in the
rating academic performance of the learners on other hand Independent variables that
significantly affected student ratings of these barrier factors included: gender, age, ethnicity,
type of learning institution, self‐rating of online learning skills, effectiveness of learning online,
online learning enjoyment, prejudicial treatment in traditional classes, and the number of
online courses completed.
Lin Y.muilenburg & zen L. Berg (2007)
23)The study was conducted in university of Virginia united state to assess the positive impact
of e-learning in the institutions in united state and the challenges that were being faced by the
instructors and learners for those whose native language was not English their academic
performance was suffering a lot due to this factors they could not communicate with the
class,even they could not participate in academic activities introduction of e-learning
enhanced the academic concert for second language students . however, indicate that students
associated improvements in writing with using blogs, and that students connect their optimistic
sense of class community with using blogs. Further, the results suggest that blogs can assist and
enhance the instruction of academic writing and communication skills of second laghuage
learers
Michael John Kelly (2008)
24) This paper presents a study carried out in the University of Granada, during the first year
of undergraduate courses, which considered a total of 1,128 students organized into 17
groups during the academic year 2009–2010 and focused on the students’ voluntary use of
online learning activities In blended learning, the internet acts as an device to balance long-
established forms of coaching, in the belief that the incorporation of new information and
communication technologies may lead to more efficient and effectual education. The results
show that the students’ contribution in these activities and the number of tasks completed
both had a positive effect on the students’ final marks. The time engaged in carrying out
online tasks did not influence the results achieved but the marks obtained in such activities
were a significant factor. In addition, the students’ respective background, rate of class
attendance and interest in the subject were explanatory variables of the outcome.
Maria V lopez perez (2013)

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25) This investigation investigated what basics impacted student attention in two areas of an
former students online course at a Midwestern college. Discoveries showed that online
student hold and examples of cooperation are impacted by the accompanying variables:
innovation and interface qualities, content territory experience, understudy jobs and
instructional assignments, and data over-burden. practical internet learning requires reliance
for a mutual comprehension of learning objectives in a learning network. Observing
understudy importance and examples of cooperation attentively can allow educators to
identify understudy requirements and platform adapting as needs be.
Selma vonderwell & sajit Zachariah

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2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Understanding
from E learning

Skill
development

Time Academic
management Performance

Student
Engagement

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Chapter 3 - Methodology

3.1 Data
Primary data will be collected through survey questionnaire online. Primary data collection
method is used as it will provide us with first hand data relevant to our research, this will result
in high accuracy of data. Primary data is also easy to interpret and help us to address specific
research issues.

3.2 VARIABLES
3.21 Independent variables will be:
Time Management: online learning helps students to manage time and this helps to achieve
better academic performance as students are able to find material easily and are able to save
time.

Skill Development: Internet Technology allows students to develop new skills and also polish
the existing skills. Increase and development in skill helps students to perform better.

Understanding from e learning: online learning allows students to study in depth and gain
better understanding of subjects. Better understanding will help students to perform better.

Student Engagement: online studying will result in better student involvement and thereby
engagement in class resulting in improved academic performance.

3.22 Dependent variable will be student’s academic performance

Students’ Academic Performance:

It is an overall achievement of long term or short term goals, cumulative GPA and completion of

education benchmarks.

3.3 INCLUSION CRITERIA

The study was conducted on the students of Institute of Business Management in Bachelors, Masters, m
Phil /PhD program those who interact with technology in the university.

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3.4 SAMPLE
Sample size of 152 students from IoBM university of bachelors ,Masters and MPhil/PhD students
between age group of 15-30above will be used for data collection.

3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Convenience Probability sample technique will be used.

3.6 STATISTICALS MODELS

Data will be entered and analyzed by using software SPSS and MS excel with the help of

Cronbach Alpha (To check the reliability and validity of questions) by applying the Multiple

Regression technique.

Multiple Regressions: Regression analysis is a statistical technique that is used to examine the

impact of one or more independent variables on a dependent variable.

As our study is to see the impact of E-learning on student’s academic performance then
regression analysis would be very helpful and beneficial for our study

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Chapter 4-Results

Reliability Analysis and Interpretation.

In general if value >0.7 occurs in CornBach Test so data reliability consider good enough. Furthermore
According to our Research “Influence of E-Learning on Academic Performance” using CornBach Test
and found value 0.945 > 0.7, so data does exist reliability.

Case Processing Summary

N %

Valid 152 100.0

Cases Excludeda 0 .0

Total 152 100.0

Exhibit 1

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's N of Items
Alpha

.945 25

Exhibit 2

Regression Analysis and Interpretation

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In this test analysis R-Square the amount of variation in Y, Dependent (Academic Performance)
explained by X Independent Variables (Multiple Variables).

Exhibit 3

The above table reflect R-Square value 0.562 I.e 56.2% Independent variables(Multiple Variables) shows
variation of dependent variable(Academic Performance) by 56.2%

Exhibit 4

In this test taken Confidence level 95% and chances of error is 5%, the value of significance depict in
above Anova Less than 0.05 or 5%, So it mean our null hypothesis are rejected which is information
technology has significant impact on academic Performance, student engagement, understanding, skill
development, time management.

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Co relation Analysis Interpretation

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The values depict in above correlation test that data have significance value less than the benchmark 0.05 or 5%
so dependent variable correlates multiple variables.

Demographic

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Descriptive and Frequencies

Statistics

Age of Qualification of Gender of Salary of

Respondent Respondent Respondent Respondent

Valid 152 152 152 152

N
Missing 0 0 0 0

Mean 2.09 2.01 .55 2.01

Median 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00

Mode 2 2 1 2

Std. Deviation .772 .728 .500 1.478

Variance .595 .530 .250 2.185

Skewness .816 .711 -.187 .438

Std. Error of Skewness .197 .197 .197 .197

Kurtosis .828 .913 -1.991 -.332

Std. Error of Kurtosis .391 .391 .391 .391

Minimum 1 1 0 0

Maximum 4 4 1 5

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Chapter-5

Conclusion:
In our research we have examined couple of problems that students face during their studies

including adaptability struggle, computer skills, time management, online training is boring and

lack of social interaction. With these problem statements, we studied impact of some variables

(time management, student engagement, skill development, E-learning adaptability) on students’

academic performance. Through the statistical data we have found that E-Learning Adaptability

and Time saving and skill development have significant impact on Students’ academic

performance but student engagement don’t have. The reasons could be, they may ask their

friends to get access of computer to the virtual learning, or doing assignment. They may feel easy

assistance time to time in learning virtually. So we can interpret that, students may not feel any

difficulty in learning virtually or they can manage in having E-Learning, although they don’t

have enough knowledge of using computers and its software. Moreover, fact and figures of our

study shows learning virtually may have minor effect on development of students’ personality.

Students can have a better platform to enhance their personality and communication skills by

using advance technology rather than relying on old structure of classroom and learning system.

Limitations:
There were certain limitations while conducting the research which are:

 Sample size was limited to the students of IOBM of Karachi only. There might be a slight change

in response if students of other universities of other regions would have been considered for the

research.

 The outcomes can be biased as most of the respondents are of bachelors, which gives limited

result.

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Future research

The data and sample for this study was gathered, analyzed and interpreted from the Bachelors

and Master students of institute of business management (IOBM). Age group between 18-30

above have been used for data collection from 152 questionnaires which comprises over 5

constructs have 5 questions each, and analyzed on SPSS.

Apart from that a lot more research could be done from different universities in different regions

and courtiers, especially countries of South Asia, because they share similar education system.

Also further research can be conducted on seeing the impact of similar variables and its

importance in underdeveloped and developed countries (differently). Moreover, there are various

variables resembles to this research’s variables.

Recommendation

From this study we have concluded that skill development and student engagement is not a big

issue for majority of the students. However, they may find E-Learning more convenient and

feasible as it saves their time and decreases workload. But adapting the virtual learning

environment is what students find it their core problem. In this regard we would like to suggest

that colleges have to include virtual environment at some extent (Semi virtual learning

environment) so that when students continue their higher studies in virtual university it would

become easier for them to adapt the virtual learning.

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