ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UPN ‘VETERAN’ JAWA TIMUR
SURABAYA – INDONESIA
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Students know how to manage water resources.
2. Students are able to understand the concept of water resources
management comprehensively.
3. Students are able to choose the right technology in comprehensive
water resources management planning.
4. Students are able to implement comprehensive water resources
management planning.
5. Students know how to manage rivers through self-purifications.
6. Students know how to plan and develop water resources.

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LEARNING MATERIALS
Week Material Week Material
1 MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY AND 9 Self-Purifcation (DO sag)
RESOURCES: Objectives, Legal basis,
definitions
2 Water Source, Quality and Quantity 10 Qual 2 KW

3 Rivers and Lakes (Sources of pollution and 11 Reclamation

impacts)
4 Groundwater, brackish water and peat water 12 Water Resources Development Planning
(Water characteristics, processing water into
clean water)
5 Conservation of Water Resources 13 Recycling Clean Water from Domestic
Wastewater
6 Carrying Capacity and Environmental 14 Recycling Clean Water from Industrial
Supporting Capacity Wastewater
7 assignment 15 assignment
8 Presentation 16 UAS
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LEARNING SUBJECTS
◼ Definition and concepts of water resources, climate, hydrological
cycle, forests, rivers, lakes, groundwater, fresh and brackish water
resources,
◼ Water resources planning and management methods and software in
water resources applications,
◼ Technology in the design of development and management of water
sources,
◼ Water resources management technology using software.

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 REFERENCES
1. Chaturvedi MC, “water resources system planning and management”, tata mcgraw-hill
publishing company limited, new delhi, 1992
2. Eckenfelder, william wesley., “Principles or water quality management”., Krieger,
malabar, 1991.
3. Mcgauhey, P.H., “water quality managemet”, mcgraw., 1990,
4. Notodarmojo s, “pencemaran tanah dan air tanah”, penerbit itb, bandung, 2005
5. Philip B. Bedient & wayne C. Huber., “Hydrology and floodplain analysis”., 2nd edition,
addison wesley, new york 1998.
6. Tchobanoglous, george & edward D. Schroeder., “Water quality–characteristic, modeling,
modification”., Addison wesley, reading, 1995.
7. Schwab glenn O, fangmeier delmar D, elliot william J, frevert richard K, “soil and water
conservation engineering”, john wiley & sons, inc., Canada, 1993

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO)
• EXPECTED LO
Subject Learning Outcomes
LO 2 : 2.1 able to analyze the water pollution distribution model using software

4.1 able to explain the basic concepts of the quality and quality and quantity of water resources
management

4.2 able to explain water characteristics, sources of pollution and their impacts as well as water
LO 4 : treatment into clean water from various existing water resources

4.3 able to explain the principles of water resources conservation, and environmental carrying
capacity

4.4 able to explain reclamation and water resources development planning

4.5 able to explain the process of recycling clean water from wastewater

LO 10 : 10.1 Able to communicate actively and effectively

 REFERENCES
8. Sunaryo trie M, waluyo S tjoek, harnanto aris, “pengelolaan sumber daya air”,
bayumedia publishing, malang, 2005
9. Suripin., “Pelestarian sumber daya tanah dan air”., Andi, yogyakarta, 2002.
10. Undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 2004 tentang sumberdaya air.
11. Peraturan pemerintah nomor 82 tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan
pengendalian pencemaran air.
12. Peraturan menteri negara lingkungan hidup no. 01 tahun 2010.

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DEFINITIONS AND
BACKGROUND OF
WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION

UU No. 7 Tahun 2004

• Water resources are water, water sources,
and water resources contained therein.
• Water is all water found on, above, or below
the surface of the ground, including in this
definition surface water, ground water,
rainwater, and sea water on land.
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WATER RESOURCE & HYD. CYCLE

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UU 07/2004:

Article 1 point 3 :
◼ Surface water is all water that is found on the ground surface,

Article 1 point 4 :
◼ Ground water is water that is contained in the soil layer or rock below
the soil surface.

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SURFACE & GROUNDWATER

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UU No. 7 Tahun 2004

• Water sources are places or containers of natural

and / or artificial water found on, above, or below
the ground surface.
• Water power is the potential contained in water
and / or in water sources that can provide benefits
or losses to human life and livelihoods and the
environment.
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DAYA AIR

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UU No. 7 Tahun 2004

• Management of water resources is an effort to plan,

implement, monitor, and evaluate the
implementation of water resources conservation,
utilization of water resources, and control of the
destructive force of water.

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I-WRM (Integrated Water resource management)

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UU 07/2004:

ARTICLE 1 POINT 11 :
◼A river basin is a land area which is an integral part of rivers and their
tributaries, which functions to accommodate, store and flow water from
rainfall to a lake or to the sea naturally, the boundaries on land are
topographical and boundary separators at sea to water areas that are
still affected by land activities

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CATCHMENT AREAS & WATERSHEDS

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UU 07/2004:

ARTICLE 1 POINT 12 :
◼A groundwater basin is an area bounded by hydrogeological
boundaries, where all hydrogeological events such as the process of
recharging, draining, and releasing groundwater take place

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GROUNDWATER

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UU 07/2004:

ARTICLE 1 POINT 18 :
◼ Conservation of water resources is an effort to maintain the existence
and sustainability of the condition, nature and function of water resources
so that they are always available in sufficient quantity and quality to meet
the needs of living things, both present and future.

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CONSERVATION

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UU 07/2004:
ARTICLE 1 POINT 19 :
◼ Utilization of water resources is an effort to optimize the use, use,
provision, use, development and exploitation of water resources in order to
be effective and efficient.

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UU 07/2004:

ARTICLE 1 POINT 20 :
◼ Controlling the destructive force of water is an effort to prevent,
overcome, and restore environmental quality damage caused by the
destructive force of water,

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UU 07/2004:

ARTICLE 1 POINT 25 :
◼ Water resources infrastructure is a water structure and other structures
that support water resources management activities, either directly or
indirectly,

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BACKGROUND OF WATER
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Water Cycle – Continuously Collected, Purified, Recycled and
Distributed

Precipitation
Evaporation and transpiration

Evaporation
Confined
Recharge Area

Runoff

Aquifer Stream
Infiltration
Lake
Infiltration

Less permeable material

such as clay Confirming permeable rock layer
Fact About Water
❖The amount of total water does not change
❖The quality of water changes
❖The location of water changes
❖The form of water changes

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The Importance of Water
▪ All living things need water
▪ Composes majority of the
body of organisms
▪ Habitat for many
organisms
▪ Helps regulate climate
▪ Shapes earth’s surface
▪ Dilutes & degrades wastes
 Role of Water Resources
Water is needed for all human and nature activities such agriculture,
industry, energy and transportation

Agriculture Hydropower Micro Hydro Industry

Human life Transportation Ecosystem

 Rekreasi

Sumber Daya Air

Pertambahan Jumlah
Transportasi Penduduk Industri

Kebutuhan Manusia
Irigasi dan Pertanian Sehari-hari dan sanitasi
 Water on Earth
• About 97% earth’s water is salty–less than 1% of the planet’s water is
available fresh H2O

• Fresh water is distributed unevenly

• 2025: 1/3 human population will live in areas lacking fresh water
 Water Resource Problems
• Too much water
• Too little water
• Poor-quality water
 Changes in Surface Runoff

❑ Prior to 1970 about 10%

of stormwater became
runoff.
❑ Now 55% of stormwater is
transported as runoff as
development exceeds 75%
of the permeable soil area.
 Stormwater Runoff
(Greatest Contributor to Nonpoint Source Pollution)
Contains:
• Nutrients*
• Metals*
• Suspended solids*
• Pesticides
• Hydrocarbons
• Microorganisms

*Present in nearly 100% of stormwater samples

 TOO MUCH WATER: FLOODS
• Natural phenomena
• Aggravated by human activities
• Rain on snow living on floodplains
• Impervious surfaces Draining wetlands
• Removal of vegetation

Reservoir

Dam

Levee Flood
wall
Floodplain
 TOO LITTLE WATER: WATER SCARCITY

Two main factors for water shortage: dry climate and too many people.
Many people live in hydro poverty – can’t afford clean water.
Water, water, everywhere?
(NOT)

➢ Comparison of population
sizes and shares of the
world’s freshwater among
the continents. (Only 7
countries account for 60% of
global water availability).
Water Wars

➢ Many countries in the

Middle East, which has
one of the world’s highest
population growth rates,
face water shortages.
 Growth of Population

• Supply & demand are in growing conflict – supply

is finite – water management driven by values and
needs
• Increases demand/use of water
• Increases land use and changes vegetation and
permeability
• Increases demand for instream values – instream
flows are for people
Climate Changes

Climate change is
already changing
precipitation patterns,
with increased risk of
droughts and floods
and changes in the
seasonality of runoff.

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 Aquifer Depletion

➢Removing groundwater faster than it is replenished

➢Lowers water table
➢Land subsidence
➢Saltwater intrusion
• Salt water seeps into fresh water
 Overdrawing Surface Waters
• Damaging to ecosystems
• Wetlands dry up (everglades)
• Estuaries become too salty (FL bay)
• Worldwide, the demand for water is
growing as the human population and
individual consumption continue to grow
exponentially

Arial Sea
 Water Pollution

✓Physical or chemical change

in water that adversely
affects the health of humans
or other organisms
✓Global problem