Welcome to the world of

Computer Science
We are all in this together!
Marks Distribution
Marks Head Frequency Marks Frequency Total Marks
Quiz 3 5 15
Assignment 3 5 15
Mid Term 1 30 30
Final 1 40 40
Total 100

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Class Rules
❑Mobile phone usage is not allowed
❑Late comers can attend the class but won’t get marked as present
❑Eating food is not allowed during class
❑Late assignments will not get accepted
❑Quiz and Assignment will be announced well before time. Start working the
day you are assigned
❑No retake of quiz will be conducted
❑On copied assignments, tasks quizzes both parties will get straight zero marks
❑Work hard copied work will not get you a grade!

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Fundamentals of Programming
Lecture 1
Agenda
❑Basic Introduction to Computers
❑Basic Introduction to Computer Program
❑Basic Introduction Programming Languages

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Computer
a programmable electronic device designed to accept data,
perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at
high speed, and display the results of these operations

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What Does Computer Do?

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Hardware Components
❑Central Processing Unit (CPU)
❑Main Memory

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Central Processing Unit
❑Control Unit (CU)
• Directs the flow of data through the CPU, to and from other devices

❑Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions

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Main Memory
❑Ordered sequence of cells
❑Directly connected to CPU
❑All programs must be brought into Main Memory before execution
❑When power is turned off everything in the main memory is lost

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Computer Organization
Six Logical Units
1. Input Unit
2. Output Unit
3. Memory Unit
4. Arithmetic and Logic Unit
5. Central Processing Unit
6. Secondary Storage Unit

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Operating System
Operating system is a software that communicates with the
hardware and allow other programs to run

Example Services:
• Memory Management
• I/O Operations
• Program Execution

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Computer Program
❑A computer program is a collection of instructions that perform a
specific task when executed by a computer

❑Programming: Process of creating a set of instructions (lines of

code) that tells a computer how to perform a task

❑Lines of code makes a program

❑Programming can be done using a programming language

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Programming Languages
Three types of programming languages
❑Machine Languages
❑Assembly Languages
❑High Level Languages

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Machine Languages
❑Sequence of 0’s and 1’s
❑Bit : a binary digit 0 or 1
❑Byte : sequence of 8 bits
Example(binary):
◦ 01001000
◦ 01100101
◦ 01101100

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Assembly Language
❑English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer
operations (translated via assemblers)
Example: Assembly Language Machine Language
◦ LOAD LOAD 100100
◦ STORE STORE 100010
◦ ADD ADD 100101

Assembler: translates assembly language instructions into machine

language

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High Level Language
❑Code similar to everyday English
❑Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers)
Example Languages: Example Code Writing:
◦ C/C++ grosspay = basepay + overtimepay
◦ Java
◦ COBOL
◦ FORTRAN
◦ Basic
Compiler: translates high level language into machine language

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Programming Paradigm
❑Procedural Programming
◦ Structured/Modular Programming

❑Object Oriented Programming

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Procedural Programming
❑Follows step by step instructions
❑Top down instructions
❑It contains a systematic order of statements, functions and
commands to complete a computational task or program
❑Examples: C, FORTRAN, COBOL

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Structured Programming
❑Structured Programming is also known as Modular Programming
and is a subset of procedural programming language
❑Functions- Dividing large problems into smaller modules
❑Each function handles the particular task
❑collection of all the functions is called a program
❑Clear, easy to test and debug and easy to modify
❑Multitasking- Specifying that many activities run in parallel

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Top Down Approach
Main Module

Module 1 Module 2

Module 1a Module 1b Module 2a

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Books Used to Create Slides

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