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ASME Secc II A SA-727M Specif For Forgings Carbon Steel For
ASME Secc II A SA-727M Specif For Forgings Carbon Steel For
SA-727 /SA-727M
1. Scope Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel
therefore, each system must be used independently of
piping components intended primarily for service in
the other. Combining values from the two systems may
pressure piping systems from −20 to +650°F [−30 to
result in nonconformance with the specification.
+345°C] where inherent notch toughness is desired, but
where notch toughness testing is not required. Included
are forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings, and
valves made to specified dimensions, or to dimensional 2. Referenced Documents
standards such as the ANSI and API specifications
2.1 ASTM Standards:
referenced in Section 2.
A 275 /A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exam-
1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with ination of Steel Forgings
maximum finished section thicknesses no larger than A 350 /A 350M Specification for Forgings, Carbon and
2 in. [51 mm]. Low-Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing
for Piping Components
1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
determine whether material meeting the requirements
ing of Steel Products
of this specification is satisfactory for the service appli-
A 751 Test Methods, Practices and Terminology for
cation.
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings General Require-
when additional testing or inspection is desired. These ments
shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in E 59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-
the order. tion of Chemical Composition
E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method
NOTE 1—There are no provisions for impact testing in this specifica-
tion. When impact testing is required, refer to Specification
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and
A 350 /A 350M. Rating Steel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-
pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order 2.2 MSS Standard:
specifies the applicable “M” specification designation SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
(SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch- Flanges, and Unions
pound units.
2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or Section IX, Welding Qualifications
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Section II, Material Specifications, Part C
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the same heat treatment as the finished products repre- 9. Product Analysis
sented. The test material shall be treated in the same
9.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser
furnace at the same time as the forging it represents,
on samples taken in accordance with Practice E 59.
subject to the requirements of 7.1.2.1.
The results shall conform to Table 1.
7.1.2 Number of Tests—One tension test at room
temperature shall be made for each nominal wall thick-
ness ±1 / 4 in. [±6 mm] from each heat in each heat 10. Hydrostatic Test
treatment charge. 10.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification
shall be capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible
7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either with the rating of the finished forging. Such tests shall
a continuous or a batch-type furnace controlled within be conducted by the forging manufacturer only when
±25°F [±14°C] of the required heat-treatment tempera- Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified.
ture, and equipped with recording pyrometers so that
complete records of heat treatment are available and
if the same heat treating cycles are used on the forgings 11. Retests
represented by the tension test, then one tension test
per nominal wall thickness ±1 / 4 in. [±6 mm] from each 11.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective
heat shall be required, instead of one tension test per machining, it may be discarded and another specimen
nominal wall thickness from each heat in each heat- substituted.
treatment charge.
7.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test 12. Rework and Retreatment
specimen shall be removed from the midwall of the
12.1 If the results of mechanical tests do not conform
heaviest section of the forging or test blank.
to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may
7.1.3.1 The test specimen shall have its longitudi- reheat treat the forgings represented, and shall retest
nal axis located parallel to the direction of major to the applicable requirements.
working of the forging or test blank, except for flanges 12.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all require-
and rings the test specimen shall be in the tangential ments shall be acceptable.
direction.
7.1.4 Test Method—Testing shall be performed in 13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370
using the largest feasible of the round specimens. The 13.1 The forgings shall be free of injurious defects
gage length for measuring elongation shall be four as defined below and shall have a workmanlike finish.
times the diameter of the test section. At the discretion of the inspector representing the
purchaser, finished forgings shall be subject to rejection
7.2 Hardness Test: if surface imperfections acceptable under 13.3 are not
scattered but appear over a large area in excess of
7.2.1 Requirements—If the production forgings are what is considered a workmanlike finish.
liquid-quenched and tempered, hardness of the forgings
shall not exceed 187 HB after heat treatment. The 13.2 Depth of Injurious Defects—Selected typical
purchaser may verify that the requirement has been surface imperfections shall be explored for depth. When
met by testing at any location on the forgings provided the depth encroaches on the minimum wall thickness
such testing does not render the forgings useless. of the finished forging, such imperfections shall be
considered injurious.
13.3 Machining or Grinding Imperfections Not Classi-
fied as Injurious—Surface imperfections not classified
8. Heat Analysis as injurious shall be treated as follows:
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made 13.3.1 Forgings showing seams, laps, tears, or
from samples taken preferably during the pouring of slivers not deeper than 5% of the nominal wall thickness
the heat. The results shall conform to Table 1. or +1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm], whichever is less, need not
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have these imperfections removed. If the imperfections temperature previously used for tempering the base
require removal they shall be removed by machining metal of the same forging, or shall be reheat treated
or grinding. in accordance with Section 5.
13.3.2 Mechanical marks or abrasions and pits 14.7 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10% of the
shall be acceptable without grinding or machining pro- surface area of the forging, nor 331⁄3% of the wall
vided the depth does not exceed the limitations set thickness of the finished forging, or 3⁄8 in. [10 mm],
forth in 13.2 and if not deeper than 1/16 in. [1.6 mm]. whichever is less, without prior approval of the pur-
If such imperfections are deeper than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm], chaser.
but do not encroach on the minimum wall thickness
of the forging, they shall be removed by grinding to
sound metal.
13.3.3 When imperfections have been removed by 15. Inspection
grinding or machining, the outside dimension at the 15.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s
point of grinding or machining may be reduced by the inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy
amount removed. Should it be impracticable to secure him that the material is being furnished in accordance
a direct measurement, the wall thickness at the point with the purchase order. Inspection by the purchaser
of grinding, or at an imperfection not required to be shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s
removed, shall be determined by deducting the amount operations. All tests and inspections shall be made at
removed by grinding, from the nominal finished wall the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreed,
thickness of the forging, and the remainder shall be except for product analysis (see 9.1).
not less than the minimum specified or required wall
thickness.
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TABLE 1 TABLE 2
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
Elements Composition, % Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60.0 to 85.0 [415 to 585]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] A 36.0 [250]
Carbon
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22
Heat Analysis 0.25 max
Reduction of area, min, % 30
Product Analysis 0.28 max
A
Manganese Determined by either the 0.2% offset method or the 0.5% exten-
Heat Analysis 0.90 to 1.35 sion-under-load method.
Product Analysis 0.84 to 1.41
Phosphorus
Heat Analysis 0.035 max
Product Analysis 0.043 max
Sulfur
Heat Analysis 0.025 max
Product Analysis 0.033 max
Silicon
Heat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30
Product Analysis 0.13 to 0.32
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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
S1. Macroetch Test S4.2 Acceptance limits shall be agreed upon between
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S1.1 A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched
to show flow lines and internal soundness. The tests
shall be conducted in accordance with Method E 381. S5. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S1.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon S5.1 Surfaces specified by the purchaser shall be
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. examined by a liquid-penetrant method in accordance
with Practice E 165.
S5.2 Acceptance limits shall be agreed upon between
S2. Product Analysis the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S2.1 A product analysis shall be made from one
randomly selected forging representing each size and S6. Hydrostatic Testing
shape of forging on the order. The results shall comply
with Table 1. S6.1 A hydrostatic test at a pressure agreed upon
between the manufacturer and the purchaser shall be
S2.2 If the analysis fails to comply, each forging applied by the manufacturer.
shall be checked or the lot rejected. All results shall
be reported to the purchaser.
S7. Repair Welding
S7.1 No repair welding shall be permitted without
S3. Additional Tension Tests prior approval of the purchaser.
Mn Cr + Mo + V Ni + Cu
CE p C + + +
6 5 15
S4. Magnetic Particle Examination
S4.1 Surfaces specified by the purchaser shall be
examined by a magnetic particle method in accordance S8.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be
with Test Method A 275 /A 275M. agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
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