Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment,

dementia and mortality

A core group of late-life risk factors indicative of physical and mental
frailty are associated with each of dementia, MCI, and mortality after
6 years. Tests for slower walking speed and poorer smelling ability
may help screen for cognitive decline. Individuals with normal
cognition are at greater risk of future cognitive impairment if they
have a history of MCI

Lipnicki DM, Crawford J, Kochan NA, Trollor JN, Draper B, Reppermund S, Maston K, Mather
KA, Brodaty H, Sachdev PS, Bowman A. Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment, dementia and
mortality: The sydney memory and ageing study. Journal of the American Medical Directors
Association. 2017 May 1;18(5):388-95.

Risk factors of transition from mild cognitive impairment to

Alzheimer's disease and death: A cohort study

A Multi site, population-based cohort study on 437 community-

dwelling elderly MCI residents in Taiyuan, China from 2010 to 2014
was conducted.MCI, AD, death from AD and death from a cause
other than AD were specified as disease states during the natural
history of dementia.
Participants with advanced age, low-level education, history of
harmful alcohol consumption or smoking, cerebrovascular disease,
hyperlipidemia, diabetes or who were female were at increased risk of
transitioning to AD or death. Strategies to control modifiable risk
factors in specific disease stage should be implemented to decrease
the conversion to AD or death among Chinese patients with MCI.
Xue H, Sun Q, Liu L, Zhou L, Liang R, He R, Yu H. Risk factors of transition from mild cognitive
impairment to Alzheimer's disease and death: a cohort study. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2017 Oct
1;78:91-7.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment

 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has attracted considerable interest as a
potential predictor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both the apolipoprotein E
(ApoE) Ε4 allele and vascular factors have been associated with a higher risk
for AD, recently they have also been linked to the risk of MCI. 
Higher age, the presence of at least one ApoE Ε4 allele and medicated
hypertension are independent risk factors, but high education is a protective
factor for MCI. The results suggest that vascular factors may have an
important role in the pathogenesis of MCI.

Tervo S, Kivipelto M, Hänninen T, Vanhanen M, Hallikainen M, Mannermaa A, Soininen H.

Incidence and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based three-year follow-up
study of cognitively healthy elderly subjects. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders.
2004;17(3):196-203.
Midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive status in relation
to prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in later
life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

In participants with complete co variate data, midlife diabetes,

hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were
associated with late-life MCI and DEM. Low midlife cognition
function was also associated with greater likelihood of late-life MCI
or DEM. Both midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive
function remained associated with later life MCI or DEM when both
were in the model.
Later life MCI and DEM were independently associated with midlife
vascular risk factors and midlife cognition.

Knopman DS, Gottesman RF, Sharrett AR, Tapia AL, DavisThomas S, Windham BG, Coker L,
Schneider AL, Alonso A, Coresh J, Albert MS. Midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive
status in relation to prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: The
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2018 Nov 1;14(11):1406-15.