Worksheet > Disclaimer in Workbook > 524612779.

xls

Spreadsheet tool: Sediment Equations

Version: "4.0"

Contact: Dan Mecklenburg, ODNR; Andy Ward, OSU

Reference: "STREAM" tools

Disclaimer

FThis Excel spreadsheet tool has specific uses and limits of applicability.
FThe user assumes responsibility for the selection and application of this tool.
FThe user should check all of the computed results for reasonableness and accuracy.

Comments, Feedback
FUsers of this spreadsheet tool are requested to provide comments for
FSuitability: range of application or limitations
FEase of use
FResults: Are they reasonable and verified?
FAny other comments for improvement:
jon.fripp@ftw.usda.gov
kerry.robinson@gnb.usda.gov
jerry.bernard@wdc.usda.gov

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Worksheet > Introduction in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Sediment Equations version 4.0

A STREAM Module: Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet Tools
Tools for
for River Evaluation,
Evaluation, Assessment and Monitoring
Monitoring

Dan Mecklenburg, Ohio Department of Natural Resources

Andy Ward, Ohio State University

The Sediment Equations module, has three different sheets with

various equations pertaining to channel process one dealing with
critical dimensionless shear, another on relative roughness and
boundary resistance and the last on bed load equations. The
equations are presented in both a condensed format with only input
cells and answers and on the last sheet, "Equations" they are in an
expanded format with all constants and conversions shown.

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 Worksheet > Introduction in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Monitoring

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Worksheet > Motion threshold in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Shield's Threshold of Motion Equation

Ds=t / ((rs - r) g 0.06)(304.8)

Ds=diameter sediment particle (mm)

t=shear stress=(rg)(depth)(slope) (lb/ft2) (N/m2)
rs=density of sediment (5.15 slugs/ft3) or (2560 kg/m3)
r=density of water (1.94 slugs/ft3) (1000 kg/m3)
g=gravitational acceleration (32.2 ft/s2) (9.81 m/s2)
0.06 = Shield's parameter typically in the range of 0.04 to 0.07
Conversion Constant 304.8 mm/ft or 1000 mm/m

In gravel-bed streams at bankfull flow the particle at the threshold of

motion is often near in size to the D50 of mobile bed surface material.

Solutions for Shield's Equation (metric)

particle
Shields slope depth size
Solve for: parameter (m/m) (m) (mm)
Shield's Parameter 0.061 0.01 1 100

slope (m/m) #DIV/0!

depth (m) #DIV/0!

particle size (mm) #DIV/0!

Solutions for Shield's Equation (English)

particle
Shields slope depth size
Solve for: parameter (ft/ft) (ft) (mm)
Shield's Parameter #DIV/0!

slope (ft/ft) #DIV/0!

depth (ft) #DIV/0!

particle size (mm) #DIV/0!

Particle at threshold of motion (assuming Shields parameter of 0.06)

5.1 kgf/m
2
shear stress 50.0 N/m2 1.024

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Worksheet > Motion threshold in Workbook > 524612779.xls

particle size 51 mm 52 mm 50

Particle at threshold of motion (assuming Shields parameter of 0.06)

depth 1.000 m 3.280 ft
slope 0.010 m/m 0.010 ft/ft
particle size 101 mm 101 mm

New Slope from Reference Channel

depth ref 1 m 3.28 ft
slope ref 0.005 m/m 0.005 ft/ft
particle size ref 0.032 m 32 mm
Shields parameter 0.095 0.094
depth new 1.000 m 1.670 ft
particle size new 51.0 mm 51.0 mm
slope new 0.008 m/m 0.016 ft/ft

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Worksheet > Motion threshold in Workbook > 524612779.xls

lb/ft2

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Worksheet > Motion threshold in Workbook > 524612779.xls

mm

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Worksheet > Roughness in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Flow Resistance from Relative Roughness

Colebrook-White equation, of which a number of variations exist, has the general form:

U/U* = A log(B*relative roughness)

Resistance Factor = velocity / shear velocity = U/U*

where:
U = velocity
U* = shear velocity
Value varies from about 2 for rough streambeds to 16 for smooth.

U/U* is related to common resistance equations as follows:

Manning's roughness coefficient (n):

U/U* = R^(1/6)/(ng^.5)

D'Arcy-Weisbach friction factor (f):

U/U* = (8/f)^0.5

Because the Colebrook-White equation is a function of measurable values; depth

and particle size, other roughness coefficients can be made functions of depth and
particle size in generally straight uniform gravel-bed streams where
resistance is dominated by boundary roughness.

Hey (1979) using D84 U/U* = 5.75 log(a d/3.5 D84) where a = 11.1/(d/dmax)3.14
depth d 1 m
slope S 0.01 m/m
diameter sediment ds 100 mm
max depth dmax 1.2 m
Resistance factor = sqrt(8/u/u* 8.8 #DIV/0!
Manning's roughness co n 0.0364 #DIV/0!
D'Arcy-Weisbach friction f 0.1039 #DIV/0!

Leopold, Wolman & Miller (1964) using D84 U/U* = 5.75 LOG(3.72 d/D84)
depth d m
slope S m/m
diameter sediment ds mm
Resistance factor = sqrt(8/u/u* #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Manning's roughness co n #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
D'Arcy-Weisbach friction f #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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Worksheet > Roughness in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Griffiths (1981) using D50 U/U* = 5.6 LOG(2.42 d/D50)

depth d m
slope S m/m
diameter sediment ds mm
Resistance factor = sqrt(8/u/u* #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Manning's roughness co n #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
D'Arcy-Weisbach friction f #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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 Worksheet > Roughness in Workbook > 524612779.xls

as the general form:

values; depth
ns of depth and

1.1/(d/dmax)3.14
ft
ft/ft
mm

ft
ft/ft
mm

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Worksheet > Roughness in Workbook > 524612779.xls

ft
ft/ft
mm

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Worksheet > Bedload in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Bedload Sediment Rate

Three common bedload equations are Ackers and White,
Meyer-Peter-Muller and Einstein. Many more equations exist, some of
which are more appropriate for different conditions, sand bed for example.

Ackers and White

depth 1 m depth ft
slope 0.01 m/m slope ft/ft
D35 100 mm D35 mm
n 0.030 n
qb 0.00182 m3/s per meter width qb #DIV/0! ft3/s per foot width

Meyer-Peter

depth m depth ft
slope % slope %
D50 mm D50 mm
qs #DIV/0! m /s per meter width
3 qs #DIV/0! ft3/s per foot width

Einstein50

depth m depth ft
slope m/m slope ft/ft
D50 m D50 mm
F #DIV/0!
qs #DIV/0! m3/s per meter width qs #DIV/0! ft3/s per foot width

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Worksheet > Bedload in Workbook > 524612779.xls

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Worksheet > Equations Expanded in Workbook > 524612779.xls

Threshold of Motion
metric units conversion
depth d 1 m 3.28
slope S 0.005 m/m 1
diameter sediment ds 0.032 m 1000

gravitational acceleration g 9.81 m/sec2 3.28

density fluid rf 1000 kg/m 3
0.00194
density sediment rs 2650 kg/m 3
0.00194

specific weight of water γ 9810 N/m3

1000 kgf/m
3

shear stress t 49.1 N/m2

5.0 kgf/m
2

Shields parameter τ*c 0.095 dimensionless

Particle at threshold of motion Dcr 0.05 m

Bedload per unit channel width

metric units conversion
depth d 1 m 3.28
slope S 0.005 m/m
diameter sediment ds 0.032 m

gravitational acceleration g 9.81 m/sec2 3.28

density fluid rf 1000 kg/m 3
0.00194
density sediment rs 2650 kg/m 3
0.00194

relative density s 2.65 dimensionless

shear stress t 49.1 N/m2
dimensionless parameter Y 10.56

bed-load transport (Meyer-Peter) F 0.083

qs 0.0019 m2/s

bed-load transport (Einstein42) F 0.035

qs 0.00080 m2/s

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Worksheet > Equations Expanded in Workbook > 524612779.xls

bed-load transport (Einstein50) F 0.070

qs 0.00161 m2/s

Ackers and White n 0.030

U 2.33 m/s
qb 0.00038 m2/s

Resistance Manning's and D'Arcy-Weisbach

metric units conversion
depth d 1 m 3.28
slope S 0.005 m/m 1
diameter sediment ds 0.04 m 1000
max depth dmax 1.5 m 3.28

gravitational acceleration g 9.81 m/sec2 3.28

Resistance factor = sqrt(8/f)

Colebrook-White Eq (Hey 1979) for D84 u/u* 11.2
Leopold, Wolman & Miller (1964) for D84 u/u* 11.3
Griffiths (1981) for D50 u/u* 10.0

Manning's roughness coefficient (n):

Colebrook-White Eq (Hey 1979) for D84 n 0.0284
Leopold, Wolman & Miller (1964) for D84 n 0.0282
Griffiths (1981) for D50 n 0.0320

D'Arcy-Weisbach friction factor:

Colebrook-White Eq (Hey 1979) for D84 f 0.0633
Leopold, Wolman & Miller (1964) for D84 f 0.0624
Griffiths (1981) for D50 f 0.0804

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Worksheet > Equations Expanded in Workbook > 524612779.xls

English units with

grain size in mm
3.3 ft
0.005 ft/ft
32 mm

32.2 ft/sec2
1.94 slugs/ft3
5.15 slugs/ft3

62.5 lb/ft3

1.025 lb/ft2

0.095 dimensionless

0.17 ft

English units with

check back to SI
grain size in mm
3.3 ft
0.005 ft/ft
32 mm

32.2 ft/sec2
1.94 slugs/ft3
5.15 slugs/ft3

2.65 dimensionless
1.025 lbf/ft
2

10.56

0.083
0.0206 ft2/s 0.001917 m2/s

0.035
0.00857 ft2/s 0.000796 m2/s

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Worksheet > Equations Expanded in Workbook > 524612779.xls

0.070
0.01731 ft2/s 0.001609 m2/s

0.030
7.65 ft/s
0.00407 ft2/s 0.000379 m2/s

English units with

grain size in mm
3.3 ft
0.005 ft/ft
40 mm
4.9

32.2 ft/sec2

11.2
11.3
10.0

0.0285
0.0283
0.0321

0.0633
0.0624
0.0804

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