Numbers play an

important role inmathematics. We have studied about counting numbers

primary Classes. However, we shall review them here and extend our
in
larger numbers. study to have the ideas of

We may express numbers in figures as well as in words.

Notation
Writing a number in figures is called notation.
Numeration Writing a number in words is
called numeration.
Hindu-Arabic System of Writing Numbers
In the Hindu-Arabic system, we use ten
digits namely symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, called
figures, to represent any number
or

A group of digits,
denoting a number. is called a numeral.
We use place-value
system to represent a number.
For a given numeral, we start from the
Ten thousands, Lakhs, Ten lakhs, etc.
extreme right as: Units, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands,

EXAMPLE 1. Given below are some numbers

number in words and put it in the arranged in a place-value table. Write each
expanded form.
PERIOD Lakhs Thousands Hundreds

Ten lakhs | Lakhs Ten thousands Thousands| Hundreds Tens Ones

() 5 3
(i) 9 3 5
(ii) 2 3 8 6
(iv) 3 9 6 5 8
2
Solution () The given numeral is 7523.
It is seven thousand five hundred
twenty-three.
Its expanded form is:
7523 (7 x 1000) + (5 x
100)+(2 10) + (3
x x 1)
(ii) The given numeral is 64935.
It is sixty-four thousand nine hundred thirty-five.
Its expanded form is:
64935 (6 x 10000) +(4 x 1000) +(9x
100) + (3 x 10) + (5 x 1)
(iii) The given numeral is 253861.
It is two lakh fifty-three thousand eight hundred
sixty-one.
Its expanded form is:
253861= (2 x 100000)+(5 x 10000)+ (3 x
1000)+(8 x 100) +(6 x 10) +(1 x 1)
1
 (iv) The given numeral is 3946582.
It is thirty-nine lakh forty-six thousand five hundred eighty-two.
Its expanded form is:
ob582=(3 x 1000000) + (9 x 100000) + (4 x 10000) + (6 x 1000)+(5 x 100)
+(8 x 10) + (2 x 1)

NUMBER SYSTEM EXTENDED

FURTHER
We know that the
largest 7-digit number is 9999999.
It is
ninety-nine lakh ninety-nine thousand nine hundred
On adding 1 to it, we get ninety-nine.
(9999999 +1) 10o00000,
Thus, the smallest called one crore.
8-digit number is one crore.
The largest
8-digit number is 99999999.
t is nine crore
ninety-nine lakh ninety-nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine.
Thus, extend our
we
place-value chart to have
Units, Tens, Hundreds,
Thousands, Ten thousands, Lakhs, Ten lakhs, Crores and Ten crores, etc.
EXAMPLE 2. Given below are the numerals
i) 75624308 and (ii)
Put them in the 453172069.
Put each one of place-value
them in the
chart. Write them in words.

Solution
expanded form.
The new
place-value chart is given below.
PERIOD
Crores Lakhs
Thousands Hundreds
len Crores Ten Lakhs Ten
crores lakhs thousands
Thousands| Hundreds Tens Ones
) 5
-

2 4
(ii) 3
5 7 8
6 9
() The given numeral is
75624308.
It is seven crore
Its expanded form is:
fifty-six
lakh twenty-four thousand three hundred
eight.
75624308 =(7 x
10000000)+ (5x 1000000) + (6 x
100000) + (2 x
+(4x 1000)+(3 x 100) + (0 x 10) 100o0
(i) The given numeral is 453172069. +(8 x
1)
It is
forty-five crore thirty-one lakh seventy-two thousand sixty-nine.
Its expanded form is:
453172069 =
(4 x
100000000) +(5 10000000)+(3 1000000) + (1x
x
x
(7x 10000) +(2
+
1O00)+ (0x 100) +(6x x 1000n.
100000)
Periods Crores, lakhs, thousands and hundreds are
known as periods. 10)+(9x1
REMARK In large numbers, we insert comma after each
() 75624308 period. Thus, using
as
7,56,24,308 and (i) 453172069 as 45,31,72,069.commas, we rite
 TRY THESE (Page 2)
nmumber in each and also which is the smallest number?
Question: Canyouinstantlyfind the greatest
row

382, 4972, T8, 59785, 750

1. Ans. 59785 is the greatest and 18 is the smallest
2 1473, 89423, 100, 5000, 310 Ans.
3. 1834, 75284, 111, 2333, 450 Ans.
4. 2853, 7691, 9999, 12002, 124 Ans.
Was that easy? Why was it easy?
Solution:
2. 89423 is the greatest and 100 is the smallest.
3. 75284 is the greatest and 111 is the smallest.
4. 12002 is the greatest and 124 is the smallest.
Yes, itwas easy to identify the greatest or the smallest number in a row becausea numeral containing
more digits is greater.
Ouestion: Find the greatest and the smallest mumbers:
(a) 4536, 4892, 4370, 4452 (b) 15623, 15073, 15189, 15800
(c) 25286, 25245, 25270, 252110 (d) 6895, 23787, 24569, 24659
Solution:
(al Each of the given numbers is having four digits and their digits at the thousands
Greatest Smallest
place are the same.
4536, 48 92, 4370,
4452
On comparing the next digit of each number, we have 8 > 5> 4> 3.
The greatest number is 4892.
The smallest number is 4370.
(h) Each of the given numbers is having five digits and their two leftmost
places have the same
digits (i.e. 1 and 5).
On comparing the third leftmost digits, we have:

Smallest- 8>6>1>0
Greatest
15623, 15;0:73, 15189, 15800
The greatest number is 15800.
The smallest number is 15073.
Pa
(c) Each of the given numbers is having five digits and their three leftmost places have the same
digits (i.e. 2, 5 and 2).
On comparing the fourth leftmost digits, we have:
8 7> 4 1
2528:6 25245 25270 25210
The greatest number is 25286.
The smallest number is 25210.
(d) The given numbers are:

6895, 23787, 24569, 24659

4 digits 5 digits each

The number 6895 is having four digits, so, it must be the smallest number. Each of the
numbers 23787, 24569 and 24659 is having five digits and their leftmost digit is the same.
On comparing the 2nd leftmost digit in

23787, 2 4 569, 24659, we observe that 4> 3.

Again, the two leftmost places of 24569 and 24659 are having the same digits (i.e. 2 and 4).
On comparing their third leftmost digits, we have:
>

i.e. 24 6 59> 24 5 69
. The greatest number is 24659.
The smallest number is 6895.