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G.R. No. 140937 February 28, 2001 EXUPERANCIO CANTA, Petitioner, People of The Philippines, Respondent. Mendoza, J.
G.R. No. 140937 February 28, 2001 EXUPERANCIO CANTA, Petitioner, People of The Philippines, Respondent. Mendoza, J.
140937 February 28, 2001 Narciso Gabriel acquired from his half-sister Erlinda Monter a
cow, subject of the case, upon its birth on March 10, 1984. The
EXUPERANCIO CANTA, petitioner, cow remained under the care of Erlinda Monter for sometime.
vs. Subsequently, Narciso gave the care and custody of the animal,
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, respondent. first, to Generoso Cabonce, from October 24, 1984 to March 17,
1985; then to Maria Tura, from May 17, 1985 to March 2, 1986;
MENDOZA, J.: and lastly, to Gardenio Agapay, from March 3, 1986 until March
14, 1986 when it was lost.4 It appears that at 5 o'clock in the
afternoon of March 13, 1986, Agapay took the cow to graze in the
This is a petition for review on certiorari of the decision, dated
mountain of Pilipogan in Barangay Candatag, about 40 meters
August 31, 1999, and resolution, dated November 22, 1999, of
from his hut. However, when he came back for it at past 9 o'clock
the Court of Appeals,1 which affirmed the decision of the Regional
in the morning of March 14, 1986, Agapay found the cow gone.
Trial Court, Branch 25, Maasin, Southern Leyte,2 finding petitioner
He found hoof prints which led to the house of Filomeno Vallejos.
Exuperancio Canta guilty of violation of P.D. No. 533, otherwise
He was told that petitioner Exuperancio Canta had taken the
known as the Anti-Cattle Rustling Law of 1974, and sentencing
animal.5
him to ten (10) years and one (1) day of prision mayor, as
minimum, to twelve (12) years, five (5) months, and eleven (11)
days of reclusion temporal medium, as maximum, and to pay the Upon instructions of the owner, Gardenio and Maria Tura went to
costs. recover the animal from petitioner's wife, but they were informed
that petitioner had delivered the cow to his father, Florentino
Canta, who was at that time barangay captain of Laca, Padre
The information against petitioner alleged:
Burgos, Southern Leyte. Accordingly, the two went to Florentino's
house. On their way, they met petitioner who told them that if
That on or about March 14, 1986, in the municipality of Narciso was the owner, he should claim the cow himself.
Malitbog, province of Southern Leyte, Philippines, and Nevertheless, petitioner accompanied the two to his father's
within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above- house, where Maria recognized the cow. As petitioner's father
named accused with intent to gain, did then and there, was not in the house, petitioner told Gardenio and Maria he would
willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, take, steal and carry call them the next day so that they could talk the matter over with
away one (1) black female cow belonging to Narciso his father.
Gabriel valued at Three Thousand Pesos (P3,000.00)
without the knowledge and consent of the aforesaid
However, petitioner never called them. Hence, Narciso Gabriel
owner, to his damage and prejudice in the amount
reported the matter to the police of Malitbog, Southern Leyte.6 As
aforestated.
a result, Narciso and petitioner Exuperancio were called to an
1 âwphi 1.nêt
First, accused-appellant should be given the benefit of the The provisions of Articles 309 and 310 of Act No. 3815,
mitigating circumstance analogous to voluntary surrender. The otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, as
circumstance of voluntary surrender has the following elements: amended, pertinent provisions of the Revised
(1) the offender has not actually been arrested; (2) the offender Administrative Code, as amended, all laws, decrees,
surrenders to a person in authority or to the latter's agent; and (3) orders, instructions, rules and regulations which are
the surrender is voluntary.26 In the present case, petitioner inconsistent with this Decree are hereby repealed or
Exuperancio Canta had not actually been arrested. In fact, no modified accordingly.
complaint had yet been filed against him when he surrendered
the cow to the authorities. It has been repeatedly held that for There being one mitigating circumstance and no aggravating
surrender to be voluntary, there must be an intent to submit circumstance in the commission of the crime, the penalty to be
oneself unconditionally to the authorities, showing an intention to imposed in this case should be fixed in its minimum period.
save the authorities the trouble and expense that his search and Applying the Indeterminate Sentence Law, in relation to Art. 64 of
capture would require.27 In petitioner's case, he voluntarily took the Revised Penal Code, petitioner should be sentenced to an
the cow to the municipal hall of Padre Burgos to place it indeterminate penalty, the minimum of which is within the range
of the penalty next lower in degree, i. e., prision
correccional maximum to prision mayor medium, and the
maximum of which is prision mayor in its maximum period.
SO ORDERED. 1âwphi1.n êt