JARING KONTROL PEMETAAN

ANALISIS DATA HASIL PENGUKURAN METODE RELATIF

Qhilbi Kurniawan Duha Pra Adha

20/460969/SV/18050
21 Maret 2021
A. Judul
Analisis data hasil pengukuran metode relatif.

B. Tujuan
Praktikum ini bertujuan untuk :

1. Mahasiswa dapat melakukan olah data pengukuran GPS metode ralatif dengan
menggunakan geogenius.

C. Alat dan Bahan

ALAT
1. Laptop

BAHAN
1. Software Geogenius
2. Data pengukuran GPS

PAGE 1
 D. Hasil dan Pembahasan
Hasil yang diperoleh dalam praktikum ini adalah....

1. Apa sajakah informasi yang terdapat dalam file report?

1. Reference
File, Point, Code kel5b.OBS bm5
Receiver, Version, S/N JAVAD TRIUMPH1 3.5.6 Aug 3W0UI3GZ5C6X43W404U
Antenna type, S/N JAV_TRIUMPH-1 NON -Unknown-
Geocentric Position [m] -2200329.8079 5924803.8761 -856201.1945
Instr. height ecc. (N,E,H) [m] 0.0000 0.0000 1.6106
Week, Day, Date 1865 279 6-OCT-2015
Start, End, Interv 183540.00 186720.00 15.00
Code indicators C/A P1 P2
Carrier indicators P1 P2

Phase Center Offsets: 3. SVs tracked

Description Value Unit
Correction Factor (a) 27.0 [mm] System SVID Observations
Horizontal Offset (b) 112.0 [mm] GPS 2 191
Phase Center Offset L1 (c1) 0.0 [mm] GPS 3 26
Phase Center Offset L2 (c2) 0.0 [mm GPS 5 177
GPS 6 206
GPS 7 211
GPS 9 213
2. Corrected Instrument
GPS 17 213
Eccentricities
GPS 28 213
Session North [m] East [m] Height [m] GPS 30 213
1 0.0000 0.0000 1.6376 GLN 1 22
GLN 6 166
GLN 7 213
GLN 8 211
GLN 10 210
GLN 11 213
GLN 12 128

PAGE 2
4. Rover
File, Point, Code kel6.OBS bm4
Receiver, Version, S/N JAVAD TRIUMPH1 3.5.6 Aug 3VMWV4RMZZEH43VTLZB
Antenna type, S/N JAV_TRIUMPH-1 NON -Unknown-
Geocentric Position [m] -2200675.4060 5924618.1487 -856563.3026
Instr. height ecc. (N,E,H) [m] 0.0000 0.0000 1.5749
Week, Day, Date 1865 279 6-OCT-2015
Start, End, Interv 183540.00 187140.00 15.00
Code indicators C/A P1 P2
Carrier indicators P1 P2

Phase Center Offsets: 6. SVs tracked

Description Value Unit
Correction Factor (a) 27.0 [mm] System SVID Observations
Horizontal Offset (b) 112.0 [mm] GPS 2 241
Phase Center Offset L1 (c1) 0.0 [mm] GPS 5 237
Phase Center Offset L2 (c2) 0.0 [mm GPS 6 241
GPS 7 241
GPS 9 241
GPS 17 227
5. Corrected Instrument
GPS 28 241
Eccentricities
GPS 30 241
Session North [m] East [m] Height [m] GLN 1 50
1 0.0000 0.0000 1.6019 GLN 6 48
GLN 7 241
GLN 8 241
GLN 10 241
GLN 11 241
GLN 12 143

7. Processing Parameters
TROPOSPHERIC MODEL: MODIFIED HOPFIELD WITH FIXED MET DATA
REFERENCE: 293 K 1013 hPa 50 % - MEASURED AT 0 0 0 M
ROVER : 293 K 1013 hPa 50 % - MEASURED AT 0 0 0 M
MINIMUM SNR : 30 30
DUAL-FREQ. AMBIGUITY SEARCH : YES
OBSERVATION EDIT MULTIPLIER : 3.5
RELATIVE IONOSPHERIC ERROR : 2.5 PPM
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available : 1

PAGE 1
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available : 6
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available : 7
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available : 8
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available :10
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available :11
WARNING: (LDEF18)-W-Requested GLN satellite not available :12
RELATIVE EPHEMERIS ERROR : 1.0 PPM
START TIME : 183525.0(02:58:45.00)END TIME : 186727.5(03:52:00.00)
INTERVAL : 15.00 CUTOFF GPS/GLN : 10/ 15 FREQUENCY : L1

8. Deleted Time Windows

System SVID Start Time End Time Start (sec) End (sec)
GPS 2 03:17:15.00 03:18:00.00 184640 184683
GPS 2 03:25:15.00 03:28:15.00 185113 185300
GPS 2 03:30:15.00 03:33:30.00 185413 185616
GPS 3 02:59:00.00 03:05:45.00 183542 183940
GPS 5 02:59:00.00 03:04:45.00 183542 183886
GPS 5 03:10:45.00 03:14:15.00 184245 184456
GPS 5 03:18:45.00 03:20:30.00 184732 184832
GPS 5 03:23:30.00 03:24:30.00 185011 185065
GPS 5 03:38:30.00 03:40:45.00 185903 186046
GPS 5 03:42:45.00 03:43:45.00 186160 186225
GPS 6 03:19:30.00 03:20:45.00 184775 184846
GPS 6 03:34:30.00 03:35:15.00 185665 185719
GPS 17 03:41:30.00 03:47:30.00 186089 186457
GLN 43 03:09:15.00 03:51:45.00 184156 186706
GLN 45 03:05:45.00 03:06:30.00 183948 183994
GLN 47 03:29:30.00 03:30:60.00 185367 185457
GLN 49 03:09:30.00 03:27:45.00 184164 185262
GLN 49 03:35:45.00 03:39:30.00 185746 185973
GLN 49 03:46:45.00 03:51:60.00 186398 186714
WARNING: (RDOBSV)-W- GLONASS CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT WRONG FOR SAT 1
DELETING 1 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:18:00.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 5
DELETING 6 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:19:45.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 6
DELETING 2 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:20:00.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 2
DELETING 2 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:23:45.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 2
DELETING 1 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:26:00.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 6
DELETING 4 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:27:45.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 6
DELETING 1 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:32:00.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 5
DELETING 1 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:34:15.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 5
DELETING 1 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:37:30.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 2
DELETING 2 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:39:45.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 2
DELETING 4 EPOCHS BEFORE 03:42:00.00 TO GPS SATELLITE 5

PAGE 1
9. Number of Single Differences
System SVID Observ. Min_El Max_El Min_Snr1 Max_Snr1 Min_Snr2 Max_Snr2 Comment
GPS 2 107 23 25 0 40 0 40
GPS 5 86 13 31 0 42 0 42
GPS 6 174 27 38 0 42 0 42
GPS 7 209 16 32 0 42 0 42
GPS 9 210 27 28 0 42 0 42
GPS 17 155 12 19 0 40 0 40
GPS 28 213 52 77 40 45 40 45
GPS 30 213 37 54 32 45 32 45

GPS 28 <-- Reference Satellite - Total No. of Observations : 1367

10. Satellite Availability

System SVID Start Date & Start Time Stop Date & Stop Time
GPS 2 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00
GPS 5 06-OCT-2015 03:06:45.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00
GPS 6 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00
GPS 7 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:51:00.00
GPS 9 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00
GPS 17 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00
GPS 28 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00
GPS 30 06-OCT-2015 02:59:00.00 06-OCT-2015 03:52:00.00

11. Number of Rejected Observations

System SVID Elev SNR Marked Losses of Lock System SVID Elev SNR Marked Losses of Lock
GPS 2 0 67 10 77 GLN 1 0 9 0 0
GPS 3 0 0 25 1 GLN 6 0 23 124 139
GPS 5 0 65 28 88 GLN 7 0 0 0 308
GPS 6 0 10 2 21 GLN 8 0 0 1 349
GPS 7 0 1 0 2 GLN 10 0 1 3 232
GPS 9 0 2 0 3 GLN 11 0 0 0 176
GPS 17 0 31 25 37 GLN 12 0 12 67 241

12. Triple Difference Solution

ITERATION 1 : POSITION SHIFTS DX DY DZ [m] = 1.610 -3.288 0.029
ITERATION 2 : POSITION SHIFTS DX DY DZ [m] = 0.007 -0.006 0.000
ITERATION 3 : POSITION SHIFTS DX DY DZ [m] = 0.000 0.000 0.000

PAGE 2
13. Number of Cycle Slips
System SVID Cycle Slips
GPS 2 3
GPS 5 5
GPS 6 5
GPS 7 1
GPS 9 1
GPS 17 9

14. Cycle Slip Summary for L1

System SVID Time in Sec. HH:MM:SS Cycle Slip [cycles] Sigma [cyc] Recovery Comment
GPS 2 183660.00 03:01:00.00 -1.080 0.004 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 2 183660.00 03:01:00.00 -0.029 0.004 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 17 183825.00 03:03:45.00 1.052 0.005 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 183825.00 03:03:45.00 0.082 0.005 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 17 184065.00 03:07:45.00 -0.918 0.003 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 184065.00 03:07:45.00 0.074 0.003 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 6 184365.00 03:12:45.00 -1.317 0.002 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 17 184815.00 03:20:15.00 1.030 0.003 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 184815.00 03:20:15.00 -0.025 0.003 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 5 184860.00 03:21:00.00 -4.309 0.095 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 6 184875.00 03:21:15.00 -33.000 0.031 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 6 184875.00 03:21:15.00 -32.973 0.031 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 17 184950.00 03:22:30.00 13.931 0.018 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 184950.00 03:22:30.00 12.877 0.018 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 5 184980.00 03:23:00.00 -0.343 0.003 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 17 185025.00 03:23:45.00 6.161 0.003 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 185025.00 03:23:45.00 5.091 0.003 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 5 185100.00 03:25:00.00 -13.623 0.020 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 17 185280.00 03:28:00.00 -13.004 0.020 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 185280.00 03:28:00.00 -11.024 0.020 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 6 185310.00 03:28:30.00 5.388 0.036 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 7 185430.00 03:30:30.00 1.124 0.004 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 7 185430.00 03:30:30.00 0.928 0.004 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 9 185445.00 03:30:45.00 -23.105 0.008 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 9 185445.00 03:30:45.00 -18.969 0.008 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 17 185505.00 03:31:45.00 17.066 0.010 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 185505.00 03:31:45.00 13.103 0.010 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 6 185745.00 03:35:45.00 -23.870 0.013 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 6 185745.00 03:35:45.00 -20.922 0.013 L2 RECOVERED

PAGE 1
System SVID Time in Sec. HH:MM:SS Cycle Slip [cycles] Sigma [cyc] Recovery Comment
GPS 17 185760.00 03:36:00.00 -0.020 0.004 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 17 185760.00 03:36:00.00 -0.920 0.004 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 5 185775.00 03:36:15.00 26.713 0.075 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 6 185940.00 03:39:00.00 -13.952 0.008 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 6 185940.00 03:39:00.00 -11.868 0.008 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 2 186015.00 03:40:15.00 -51.542 0.290 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 2 186210.00 03:43:30.00 22.730 0.012 NOT RECOVERED
GPS 5 186240.00 03:44:00.00 -15.035 0.076 L1 RECOVERED
GPS 5 186240.00 03:44:00.00 -12.137 0.076 L2 RECOVERED
GPS 17 186480.00 03:48:00.00 1.271 0.179 NOT RECOVERED

Triple Difference Baseline Components

Freq dX [m] dY [m] dZ [m] sX [mm] sY [mm] sZ [mm] rms [mm]
L1 -347.2144 -182.4336 -362.1371 575.8 242.0 123.0 9.2

15. Double Difference Solution

GPS SATELLITE 5 ARC 3 03:23:00.00- 03:23:00.00 DELETED FROM PROCESSING DUE TO
LITTLE DATA

Double Difference Float Baseline Components

Freq dX [m] dY [m] dZ [m] sX [mm] sY [mm] sZ [mm] rms [mm]
L1 -347.1700 -182.3937 -362.2757 30.7 9.3 6.5 14.5
L2 -347.1959 -182.3775 -362.2747 33.1 10.0 7.0 15.7
Lw -347.0787 -182.4506 -362.2795 127.3 38.4 26.8 60.2
Ln -347.1813 -182.3866 -362.2753 27.7 8.4 5.8 13.1
Lc -347.1300 -182.4186 -362.2774 67.8 20.5 14.3 32.1

16. Determined Ambiguities [cycles]

System SVID Arc Ambiguity L1 Ambiguity L2 Ambiguity Lw Ambiguity Ln Ambiguity Lc
GPS 7 1 4.53 0.39 4.14 4.92 10.76
GPS 9 1 1.51 -4.62 6.13 -3.12 13.00
GPS 6 1 -2.27 -5.31 3.05 -7.58 4.77
GPS 17 1 -12.96 -14.00 1.05 -26.96 -5.20
GPS 5 1 -8.68 -9.87 1.20 -18.55 -2.50
GPS 30 1 -4.86 -5.94 1.08 -10.81 -0.59
GPS 2 1 -4.14 -7.18 3.04 -11.32 3.69
GPS 6 2 -4.17 -6.20 2.03 -10.37 1.68
GPS 5 2 -15.83 -14.17 -1.66 -30.00 -12.20
GPS 5 3 -29.90 -26.00 -3.91 -55.90 -24.56

PAGE 2
System SVID Arc Ambiguity L1 Ambiguity L2 Ambiguity Lw Ambiguity Ln Ambiguity Lc
GPS 6 3 -32.32 -38.33 6.01 -70.65 -6.24
GPS 5 4 2.97 0.88 2.10 3.85 5.83
GPS 2 2 -57.37 -57.66 0.29 -115.04 -31.67
GPS 2 3 -34.38 -40.55 6.17 -74.92 -7.08
GPS 17 2 13.10 6.10 7.00 19.20 21.26
System SVID Arc Sigma L1 Sigma L2 Sigma Lw Sigma Ln Sigma Lc
GPS 7 1 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11
GPS 9 1 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.19
GPS 6 1 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.20 0.28
GPS 17 1 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.16
GPS 5 1 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.21 0.29
GPS 30 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.12
GPS 2 1 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.28 0.38
GPS 6 2 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.21 0.29
GPS 5 2 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.22 0.30
GPS 5 3 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.21 0.29
GPS 6 3 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.22 0.30
GPS 5 4 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.21 0.29
GPS 2 2 0.19 0.16 0.18 0.31 0.43
GPS 2 3 0.19 0.16 0.18 0.31 0.43
GPS 17 2 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.12
Number of integer combinations to check = 10935
Use of code measurements disabled due to large errors

17. Regression Analysis for L1

System SVID Arc Sig_b[mm] Sig_s[mm/s] RMS[mm] Observ. CHI2 Probability [%]
GPS 7 1 2.4 0.0013 17.1 208 23.085 100.000
GPS 9 1 2.0 0.0011 14.7 207 16.930 100.000
GPS 6 1 4.5 0.0095 16.8 55 5.732 100.000
GPS 17 1 2.6 0.0021 15.9 137 12.951 100.000
GPS 5 1 4.3 0.0408 8.2 13 0.286 100.000
GPS 30 1 2.0 0.0011 14.8 213 17.540 100.000
GPS 2 1 2.6 0.0048 10.6 63 2.633 100.000
GPS 6 2 3.6 0.0093 12.1 33 1.723 100.000
GPS 5 2 6.1 0.0973 9.5 8 0.205 99.983
GPS 5 3 4.2 0.0253 9.8 20 0.657 100.000
GPS 6 3 3.4 0.0040 15.8 86 7.950 100.000
GPS 5 4 2.9 0.0045 8.3 41 1.029 100.000
GPS 2 2 5.4 0.0751 8.7 9 0.203 99.997
GPS 2 3 4.5 0.0153 13.7 35 2.357 100.000

PAGE 3
System SVID Arc Sig_b[mm] Sig_s[mm/s] RMS[mm] Observ. CHI2 Probability [%]
GPS 17 2 2.7 0.0190 5.7 17 0.189 100.000

18. Ambiguity Resolution Results for L1

Confidence Test Levels: Chi-Squared: 99.9900 % - Fisher: 99.9900 %
Name of Test Test Value Second Best Probability [%] Statistic Test Type Comment
Bias 179.4 784.4 100.000000 Chi-Square Accepted
Bias L2 425.0 1121.1 100.000000 Chi-Square Accepted
Bias Lw 141.0 142.4 100.000000 Chi-Square Accepted
Bias Lc 117.9 202.2 100.000000 Chi-Square Accepted
Slope Lc 271.3 273.3 100.000000 Chi-Square Accepted
Ratio 2.03 - 100.000000 Fisher Test Accepted

Double Difference Fixed Baseline Components

Freq dX [m] dY [m] dZ [m] sX [mm] sY [mm] sZ [mm] rms [mm]
L1 -347.1184 -182.3032 -362.2432 1.5 2.5 1.0 20.0
L2 -347.1188 -182.2963 -362.2429 1.6 2.7 1.1 22.2
Lw -347.1171 -182.3279 -362.2443 4.5 7.7 3.0 62.2
Ln -347.1186 -182.3002 -362.2431 1.4 2.4 0.9 19.0
Lc -347.1178 -182.3140 -362.2437 2.5 4.3 1.7 34.9

19. Determined Ambiguities [cycles]

System SVID Arc Ambiguity L1 Ambiguity L2 Ambiguity Lw Ambiguity Ln Ambiguity Lc
GPS 7 1 4.00 0.00 4.00 4.00 10.18
GPS 9 1 1.00 -5.00 6.00 -4.00 12.46
GPS 6 1 -2.00 -5.00 3.00 -7.00 4.83
GPS 17 1 -13.00 -14.00 1.00 -27.00 -5.32
GPS 5 1 -9.00 -10.00 1.00 -19.00 -3.07
GPS 30 1 -5.00 -6.00 1.00 -11.00 -0.83
GPS 2 1 -4.00 -7.00 3.00 -11.00 3.70
GPS 6 2 -4.00 -6.00 2.00 -10.00 1.72
GPS 5 2 -16.00 -14.00 -2.00 -30.00 -12.96
GPS 5 3 -30.00 -26.00 -4.00 -56.00 -24.80
GPS 6 3 -32.00 -38.00 6.00 -70.00 -6.08
GPS 5 4 3.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 5.65
GPS 2 2 -57.00 -57.00 0.00 -114.00 -32.04
GPS 2 3 -34.00 -40.00 6.00 -74.00 -7.21
GPS 17 2 13.00 6.00 7.00 19.00 21.19

PAGE 4
20. Reference Results
Point, Info, Code bm5
Geocentric position -2200329.8079 5924803.8761 -856201.1945
Lat, Long, Height S 7 45 58.69394 E 110 22 25.63280 167.8831

21. Rover Results

Point, Info, Code bm4
Geocentric position -2200676.9265 5924621.5759 -856563.4376
Lat, Long, Height S 7 46 10.59706 E 110 22 38.32401 167.2668
Solution Type, Freq, Quality Double Diff Fixed Ln Good
DeltaX, DeltaY, DeltaZ -347.1186 -182.3002 -362.2431
Sigmas (N,E,H) [mm] 0.9 1.1 2.5
Sigmas (X,Y,Z) [mm] 1.4 2.4 0.9
Correlation Cxy,Cxz,Cyz -0.499531 -0.011836 -0.356125
Min & Max PDOP, RDOP 1.95 16.59 0.43

22. Observation Statistics

System SVID Arc Number RMS [mm] Max elev System SVID Arc Number RMS [mm] Max elev
GPS 7 1 208 17.1 33 GPS 5 2 8 9.5 20
GPS 9 1 207 14.7 28 GPS 5 3 20 9.8 24
GPS 6 1 55 16.8 39 GPS 6 3 86 15.8 32
GPS 17 1 137 15.9 17 GPS 5 4 41 8.3 32
GPS 5 1 13 8.2 18 GPS 2 2 9 8.7 24
GPS 30 1 213 14.8 54 GPS 2 3 35 13.7 24
GPS 2 1 63 10.6 25 GPS 17 2 17 5.7 20
GPS 6 2 33 12.1 36

PAGE 5
2. Berapakah ketelitian horisontal dan vertikal dari
pengolahan yang telah anda lakukan?

Adjusted Baselines in WGS84 (Components and Std.Dev.)

Baseline DX [m] DY [m] DZ [m] sDX [mm] sDY [mm] sDZ [mm]
bm4-bm5 347.120 182.300 362.241 2.8 4.7 1.9
bm4-bm6 420.125 131.309 -143.566 2.5 4.6 2.0
bm5-bm6 73.005 -50.991 -505.807 3.1 5.2 2.2

Baseline Corrections (Corrections and Normalized Corrections)

Baseline vN [mm] vE [mm] vH [mm] vN/sN vE/sE vH/sH
bm4-bm5 -1.8 -1.3 -0.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.0
bm4-bm6 1.8 0.8 -1.2 1.0 0.4 -0.2
bm5-bm6 -3.1 -1.7 1.0 -1.6 -0.7 0.2

3. Apa sajakah informasi yang ada pada file report setelah

dilakukan Adjustment ?

1. Baselines Input in WGS84 (Components and Std.Dev.)

Baseline DX [m] DY [m] DZ [m] sDX [mm] sDY [mm] sDZ [mm]
bm4-bm5 347.119 182.300 362.243 13.9 23.6 9.0
bm4-bm6 420.125 131.310 -143.568 11.8 23.0 9.8
bm5-bm6 73.003 -50.992 -505.804 18.2 29.2 12.6

2. WGS84 Control Points Input (Cart. Coordinates and Std.Dev.)

Point X [m] Y [m] Z [m] sX [mm] sY [mm] sZ [mm]
bm5 -2200329.808 5924803.876 -856201.194 0.0 0.0 0.0

3. Adjusted Baselines in WGS84 (Components and Std.Dev.)

Baseline DX [m] DY [m] DZ [m] sDX [mm] sDY [mm] sDZ [mm]
bm4-bm5 347.120 182.300 362.241 2.8 4.7 1.9
bm4-bm6 420.125 131.309 -143.566 2.5 4.6 2.0
bm5-bm6 73.005 -50.991 -505.807 3.1 5.2 2.2

PAGE 1
4. Baseline Corrections (Corrections and Normalized Corrections)
Baseline vN [mm] vE [mm] vH [mm] vN/sN vE/sE vH/sH
bm4-bm5 -1.8 -1.3 -0.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.0
bm4-bm6 1.8 0.8 -1.2 1.0 0.4 -0.2
bm5-bm6 -3.1 -1.7 1.0 -1.6 -0.7 0.2

5. Adjusted Points in WGS84 (Cart. Coordinates and Std.Dev.)

Point X [m] Y [m] Z [m] sX [mm] sY [mm] sZ [mm]
bm4 -2200676.928 5924621.576 -856563.436 2.8 4.7 1.9
bm5 -2200329.808 5924803.876 -856201.194 0.0 0.0 0.0
bm6 -2200256.803 5924752.885 -856707.002 3.1 5.2 2.2

6. Adjusted Points in WGS84 (Geogr. Coordinates and Std.Dev.)

Point Lat [Deg] Lon [Deg] ell.H [m] orth.H [m] geoid.H [m] sN [mm] sE [mm] sH [mm]
bm4 S7° 46' 10.59701'' E110° 22' 38.32405'' 167.267 167.267 0.000 1.7 2.3 5.0
bm5 S7° 45' 58.69394'' E110° 22' 25.63280'' 167.883 167.883 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.0
bm6 S7° 46' 15.32926'' E110° 22' 23.97861'' 163.709 163.709 0.000 2.0 2.5 5.5

7. Adjusted Points in Local System (Plane Coordinates and

Std.Dev.)
Point N [m] E [m] ell.H [m] sN [mm] sE [mm] sH [mm]
bm4 0.000 0.000 167.267 1.7 2.3 5.0
bm5 365.679 -388.874 167.883 0.0 0.0 0.0
bm6 -145.384 -439.556 163.709 2.0 2.5 5.5
Radius of the Reference Sphere is 6372000.000 m.

8. Adjusted Points Error Ellipses

Point A [mm] B [mm] Angle [Deg]
bm4 2.4 1.6 68.6
bm5 0.0 0.0 0.0
bm6 2.6 1.9 70.4

PAGE 2
4. Berapakah koordinat dan ketelitian masing-masing
koordinat hasil pengolahan data metode relatif?

Adjusted Points in WGS84 (Geogr. Coordinates and Std.Dev.)

Point Lat [Deg] Lon [Deg] ell.H [m] orth.H [m] geoid.H [m] sN [mm] sE [mm] sH [mm]
bm4 S7° 46' 10.59701'' E110° 22' 38.32405'' 167.267 167.267 0.000 1.7 2.3 5.0
bm5 S7° 45' 58.69394'' E110° 22' 25.63280'' 167.883 167.883 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.0
bm6 S7° 46' 15.32926'' E110° 22' 23.97861'' 163.709 163.709 0.000 2.0 2.5 5.5

5. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan baseline?

Baseline adalah garis yang menghubungkan antara titik pengamatan dengan titik lainnya
oleh GPS sehingga dapat diketahui jaraknya dengan teliti dari data pengamatan GPS.

6. Bagaimanakah konsep perhitungan elips kesalahan?

Elips kesalahan dibentuk dari matrik varian kovarian yang mencerminkan ketelitian hasil
perhitungan yang diperoleh. Elips kesalahan selain memberikan informasi secara kritis
mengenai ketelitian posisi stasiun yang diratakan, manfaat utama dari elleps kesalahan
yaitu memberikan metode dalam membuat perbandingan secara visual dari ketelitian
secara relative antara dua stasiun yang lain. Dengan melihat bentuk, ukuran, dan orientasi
dari ellips kesalahan, maka beberapa survey dapat dibandingkan secara cepat dan jelas

7. Dalam hasil pengolahan data GPS, dikenal elips kesalahan

titik dan elips kesalahan baseline, jelaskan kedua elips
kesalahan tersebut!!!
Elips kesalahan absolut adalah elips yang menggambarkan daerah kepercayaan
(confidence region) dari ketelitian koordinat suatu titik.
a. elips kesalahan absolut dinamakan juga elips kesalahan titik
b. bentuk dan ukuran elips kesalahan absolut dihitung berdasarkan matriks kovariansi
dari koordinat titik yang bersangkutan
c. dalam hitung perataan suatu jaring kerangka, indikator kualitas yang formal seperti
elips
d. kesalahan titik ini, umumnya hanya akan dihitung apabila ujiuji statistik telah
sukses dilalui
e. dalam suatu perataan jaring bebas (terkendala minimal), maka besar, bentuk, dan
orientasi elips kesalahan absolut akan terpengaruh oleh lokasi titik datum dalam
jaringan.

PAGE 3
 Elips kesalahan relatif adalah elips yang menggambarkan daerah kepercayaan
(confidence region) dari ketelitian koordinat suatu titik relatif terhadap titik lainnya.
a. elips kesalahan relatif dinamakan juga elips kesalahan garis
b. bentuk dan ukuran elips kesalahan relatif dihitung berdasarkan matriks kovariansi
c. dari koordinat relatif suatu titik terhadap titik lainnya
d. dalam suatu hitung perataan jaring bebas (terkendala minimal), besar, bentuk, dan
orientasi elips
e. kesalahan relatif tidak akan terpengaruh oleh lokasi titik datum dalam jaringan;
f. elips kesalahan relatif baik digunakan untuk mengecek kualitas data ukuran
baseline antar dua titik pengamatan.

8. Dalam pengolahan baseline menggunakan Geogenius,

solusi apa saja yang digunakan?
Single Differences Solution
Metode ini merupakan penentuan posisi dengan cara mengurangkan (differencing) dua
persamaanpengamatan penentuan posisi one way (OW). Dalam hal ini, persamaan
pengamatan single difference merupakan proses transformasi dari dua persamaan
pengamatan penentuan posisi one way (OW) menjadi satu persamaan pengamatan
penentuan posisi SD.

Double Difference Solution

Pada algoritma double difference mengidentifikasikan bahwa :
a. Semua besaran dalam hitungan perataan diperlakukan sebagai bilangan real.
b. Parameter posisi ditentukan berdasarkan nilai ambiguitas yang berbentuk bilangan
real (seharusnya berbentuk bilangan integer).
c. Untuk baseline jarak pendek, biasanya nilai ambiguitas mendekati nilai bentuk
integernya.
d. Nilai cycle ambiguity perlu diintegerkan (bila mungkin) untuk mendapatkan solusi
posisi dengan kualitas yang lebih baik.

Triple Difference Solution

Triple difference dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeteksi, melokalisir serta
mengeliminasi cycle slips, sehingga dapat ditentukan banyaknya parameter integer
ambiguity.

Selain itu solusi hitungan parameter posisinya digunakan sebagai (Abidin, 2005) :
a. Dalam proses pengolahan baseline, solusi triple difference digunakan sebagai harga
pendekatan dari vektor baseline yang akan diestimasi.
b. Model fungsional atau persamaan pengamatannya hanya mengandung parameter
koordinat. Parameter ambiguitas fase dan kesalahan waktu tereliminir dalam proses
diffencing.
c. Karenanya algoritma untuk penentuan solusi triple difference relatif sederhana.

PAGE 4
d. Dalam konteks keberadaan cycle slips, solusi triple difference dapat dikatakan
robust. Keberadaan cycle slips dalam data triple difference ditunjukkan dengan
adanya loncatan tajam (spike) tapi hanya pada epok yang terkait.
e. Karenanya algoritma untuk rekonstruksi data triple difference dapat digunakan juga
dalam
b. proses pendeteksian dan pengkoreksian cycle slips pada data double difference.

PAGE 5