Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Peranan Kimia Komputasi Dalam Pencarian Dan Pengembangan Obat
Peranan Kimia Komputasi Dalam Pencarian Dan Pengembangan Obat
Peranan Kimia Komputasi Dalam Pencarian Dan Pengembangan Obat
O O O
OH OH Ac2O OH
1. Hydrolysis
glucose 2. Oxidation (1883: Bayer) Ac
O OH O
Isolated 1880’s
Anesthetic in dentistry
Addiction: Freud O O
addiction
N
NH2
At least a quarter of all prescriptions dispensed in the US and UK contain, as
active compounds, molecules derived from flowering plants. Other data show that
12 out of the top 25 highest earning drugs in 1995 were derived from natural
products. The importance of plants as medicines in the developing world should
also be acknowledged. Here, they are estimated to comprise 80% of the
medication used in primary healthcare (Source: Houghton, P. J., "Roots of
remedies: Plants, people and pharmaceuticals." Chem. Ind. 1999, 15).
• Ethnographies show that humans are great botanical experimentors
• Perhaps human brains, drugs and spices evolved together!
Sources of Drugs
Studi percobaan
farmakologi yg lebih
luas
Uji toksisitas kronik &
uji klinik 1
Drug discovery and development : innovation.org
Biological
Biodisposition
Discovery
High Volume
Toxicity
Screening
Lead Series IND
Combinatorial
Efficacy
Diversity
Rational
[Structure, Design, Pharmacokinetics
Informatics]
16
Drug Design : medicinal chemistry
Proses elaborasi sistematik
Manipulasi molekul
Rancangan Obat
Pencarian Senyawa Aktif
Uji Farmakokinetik
Penapisan Farmakologis Uji Toksisitas Akut
Pencarian Senyawa
Penuntun
Modifikasi Molekul
Analisa Statistik
Senyawa Penuntun
(Lead Compound, Parent Compound)
Hubungan parameter
sifat kimia fisika dengan
aktivitas biologisnya.
Mekanisme reaksi kimia
dan biokimia
Biosintesis metabolit &
konstituen lain dalam
organisme hidup.
Perbedaan sitologis &
biokimia manusia &
parasit.
Kimia komputasi adalah cabang kimia yang
menggunakan hasil kimia teori yang
diterjemahkan ke dalam program komputer
untuk menghitung sifat-sifat molekul dan
perubahannya maupun melakukan simulasi
terhadap sistem-sistem besar (makromolekul
seperti protein atau sistem banyak molekul
seperti gas, cairan, padatan, dan kristal cair),
1.dan
Pengantar kimia komputasi
menerapkan program tersebut pada
system kimia nyata.
“Computational chemistry
simulates chemical structures
and reactions numerically, based
in full or in part on the
fundamental laws of physics.”
Foresman and Frisch : In Exploring Chemistry
with Electronic Structure Methods, 1996
Penggunaan komputer untuk membantu
kebutuhan penyelesaian masalah dalam
bidang kimia meliputi kajian-kajian secara
molecular yang kemudian dikaitkan pada
sistem makroskopisnya.