Learning Area Science Grade Level 6

W1 Quarter 4th Date

I. LESSON TITLE Changes Due to Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes and
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) volcanic eruptions.
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Forces that Affect Changes on the Earth’s Surface / The Effects of
Earthquakes and volcanic Eruptions
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: DAY 1)
In this lesson, you will learn how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions change the Earth’s surface. Also, you will
understand the effects of these calamities to humans, plants, animals, and properties.
The movement of plates on the crust is often accompanied by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. An
earthquake is the shaking of the ground. Earthquakes happen when the crustal plates move. As these plates move,
some parts of the earth’s crust are pushed toward each other or away from each other. Their movement causes
nearby rocks to move as well. These rocks break and slide past each other. When the rocks break, waves of energy
are released and sent out through the Earth. These waves trigger an earthquake. The motion of the ground during
an earthquake is measured by an instrument called a seismograph.
There are two types of earthquakes. These are the volcanic earthquake and tectonic earthquake. A volcanic
earthquake happens with a strong volcanic eruption while a tectonic earthquake is caused by the movement of
the earth’s crust. A tectonic earthquake may occur above ground or beneath the ocean.

TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE
Strong earthquakes or shaking of the ground can loosen the soil and rocks and can cause disastrous landslide
and destruction to properties and surroundings above the ground.
Earthquake and sudden upward movement of the seafloor during faulting (crack) along a plate boundary
cause the water to rush upward then huge surface waves are created and can reach a nearby coast. This is
known as TSUNAMI – (a Japanese word for “bay or harbor wave”) a gigantic wave sometimes 150 km. long
traveling at about 180 km/h and increases in height while traveling, rising as high as 30m as it approaches shore.
When a tsunami is about to come, water is first observed to move out to sea uncovering long stretches of coastal
bottom. In a few minutes giant waves rush and carrying everything within reach back to the sea.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
How does a volcanic eruption occur? When tectonic plates collide, massive rocks underground deform and
trigger a build-up of temperature and pressure. The high temperature and pressure results in the melting of rocks,
producing magma. Inside the volcano is a magma chamber. Molten rock inside this chamber is forcefully driven
out by the intense heat and pressure. The release of magma from the crater is called volcanic eruption. The
magma that flows out of the surface is called lava. When volcano erupts, it throws out lava together with gases,
rocks, and ashes.
Region IV-A CALABARZON has numerous volcanoes. These volcanoes are Banahaw which is located in
boundaries of Laguna and Quezon provinces, and Taal located in the province of Batangas that has recently
been active with records of hydrovolcanic activity last January 2020 that produces numerous recorded
earthquakes within and across the province of Batangas. The PHIVOLCS categorized Philippine volcanoes into
active volcanoes, potentially active volcanoes, and inactive volcanoes.

Let’s take a look at the layers of the Earth to better understand and locate on
which part of Earth’s layer earthquakes usually happen.

crustal plates crustal plates

crustal plates crustal plates

D. Development (Time Frame: DAY 2)
Learning Task 1: Read the following articles. Below each article, name three (3) effects of earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions to the environment/ecosystem.
Article 1
“THE ROARING EARTH”
The July 16, 1990 earthquake produced a 125-km long ground rupture that stretches from Dingalan, Aurora to
Kayapa, Nueva Viscaya as a result of strike-slip movements along the North-West segment of the Philippine Fault
Zone and the Digdig Fault. The earthquake epicenter was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija. Damage to
buildings, infrastructures, and properties amounted to at least PhP 10 Billion, a part of which was caused by ground
rupturing.

Effects of the Earthquake to Environment/Ecosystem

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Article 4
“VOLCANIC ERUPTION”
The first recorded accounts of Mayon’s eruption were made by the Franciscan priests during the 18th century.
Its most destructive explosion occurred in February 1814, when clouds of volcanic gas and waves of mud and lava
destroyed the town of Cagsawa, about 16 kilometers away. More than 1, 200 lives were lost. What remained was
the church’s bell tower and a few stone roofs, visible to this day and nearly as postcard-famous as volcano itself.

Effects of the Volcanic Eruptions to Environment/Ecosystem

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Learning Task 2: Describe the different changes on the Earth’s surface as results of earthquakes and volcanic
eruption. Write down your observations from the pictures below.

After an earthquake
Changes on Earth’s Surface:
1. __________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________

After a volcanic eruption

Changes on Earth’s Surface:

1. __________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________

Learning Task 3: Perform this activity. Write your observations, results obtained from the activity, and answers on
your answer sheet.
Activity Title: When Crustal Plates Move
Materials needed:
two thick books table with smooth surface toy structures/figures/miniatures
Procedures:
1. Place the two books with open pages facing each other on a table with smooth surface.
2. Place the toy structures/figures on top of the books.
3. Push the two books slowly towards each other. Try pushing and pulling the books smoothly.
4. Observe how they stick to each other.

Results: Draw the results of your activity after doing the procedures.

Questions: Answer the following questions on your answer sheets.

1. What happened when you pushed the two books towards each other?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are your observations and how do you relate them to real life?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How would you plan and prepare in case an earthquake occurs in your place?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

E. Engagement (Time Frame: DAY 3)

Learning Task 4: Answer the following questions in relation to the information learned from the lesson. Do these on
your answer sheet.
1. Why does the Philippines experience both tectonic and volcanic earthquakes?
2. How would you relate the changes of Earth’s surface to the earthquake activities and volcanic eruptions?
3. Is it possible for both earthquake and volcanic eruption to occur simultaneously at the same place or
location? Why or why not?

Learning Task 5: Make a photo collage of the different changes/effects of a volcanic eruption and earthquake
to people, properties, plants and animals.

People Plants Animals Properties

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: DAY 4)
Remember that both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions bring changes to Earth’s surface. These may bring
different effects to people, animals, and plants but these natural phenomena are beyond human’s control. All we
can do is to manifest preparedness during emergencies where there are earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Learning Task 6: Make an emergency preparedness plan or guide. Prepare your plan on short bond papers. Use
these emergency preparedness tips/steps in preparing your plan.
 Step 1: Know the risks (i.e. earthquake, volcanic eruption).
 Step 2: Make a plan.
 Plan for specific risks
 Neighborhood safety plan
 Household plan (emergency exits, meeting places, copies of important documents)
 Workplace plan
 Step 3: Get an emergency kit.
 Basic emergency kit items
Learning Task 7: Design an emergency preparedness kit. Show your emergency kit to your teacher containing
basic items included in your kit. Paste the picture of the emergency kit on your answer sheet.
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: DAY 5)
(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.

_______ 1. Volcanic eruptions can destroy properties and kill people.
_______ 2. Ashes emitted by the volcano can make the soil more fertile.
_______ 3. When a volcano is about to erupt, the nearby places may also experience an earthquake.
_______ 4. The crust is the first layer of the Earth where earthquakes happen.
_______ 5. Earthquake is the shaking and trembling of the ground.
Directions: Write a  if it is a good practice for disaster preparedness and x if not.
_______ 6. Immediately run downstairs if you feel there is an earthquake.
_______ 7. Wear a face mask or cover your nose when there is an ash fall.
_______ 8. Always have an emergency plan.
_______ 9. After an earthquake, go back to your home right away to check your house.
_______ 10. Always have your emergency kit prepared in case of earthquake or volcanic eruptions and the like.
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: DAY 5)
 Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
 - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6
VII. REFERENCES Beyond Borders 6 Textbook pp. 178-189.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/6557
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines
https://wovodat.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/volcano/erupt-history
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/create/detail/314
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/6555
https://images.app.goo.gl/ZGxcFf7qejWzsejy5
https://images.app.goo.gl/tWVpBx84xPNEV8Xu5
https://images.app.goo.gl/yBvbzCpuyTjU7mtv7
https://images.app.goo.gl/55GBN8i63koakP7v5
Prepared by: PHIL CHRISTIAN A. MERINO Checked by: Carmela Ezcel A. Orogo
Jee-Ann O. Borines
Abner L. Pureza
Ronaldo P. Bago