f) [Marks 1] How many total ip addresses are wasted for the above arrangement

given in Q1 (d)
part.

g) [Marks 1] The address of a class C host is to be split into subnets with a 6-

bit subnet number.
What is the maximum number of hosts in each subnet?

h) [Marks 1] For an ip address 172.16.28.50, what is the broadcast address?

i) [Marks 1] How can NAT help in IPv4 address depletion?

j) [Marks 1] Is there any effect of NAT in checksum field of TCP, does the value
of checksum
change after applying NAT?

Q2: [C04] [Marks 3+3=6] Answer the following questions:

a) [Marks 3] Consider John is sending

290 Bytes of IPv4 datagram to Harry through two intermediate routers R1(MTU = 100
Bytes)
and R2 (MTU = 80 Bytes). Further in IPv4 datagram, D bit is zero and HLEN is 1111.
How many
fragments do routers R1 and R2 divide the datagram into? What is the length,
offset, and flag value of
each fragment?

b) [Marks 3] Consider a network with 4 routers R1 TO R4 connected with links having

weights as
shown in the following diagram:

All the routers use the distance vector based routing algorithm to update their
routing tables. What are
the resultant stabilized vectors of all the routers (Show all intermediate
results). After all the routing
tables stabilized how many links in the network will never be used for carrying any
data?

Q3: [CO3] [Marks 2+1+1=4] Suppose TCP sender "S1" want to send file of 40 KB to
Host "S2".
Let the MSS be 1 KB and CWND (congestion window) is in slow-start phase initially
with ssthresh 7.
After exchanging initial sequence numbers between A and B, B announces RWND
(receiving
window) size as 1 MSS. Subsequent window size received by the sender after
transmission starts is
1, 2, 4, 2, 8. Three ACK events occur when CWND is 8. As soon as packet received by
the receiver,
ACK is sent back. When there are back to back ACKS, only the last ACK is carrying
advertisement
of RWND size.

a) Draw the neat diagram of CWND vs RTT to depict the above scenario till 15
packets
transmission.
b) What is the effective window size at the start of the transmission and at the
time when 15th
packet is being sent by the sender?
c) What are the CWND size and the value if threshold when the 9th packet is being
sent?