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Alwin Traffic Management Techniques
Alwin Traffic Management Techniques
(P20UP009)
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Contents
Introduction
Reference
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Introduction
Traffic management is the organisation,
arrangement, guidance and control of both
stationary and moving traffic, including
pedestrians, bicyclists and all types of
vehicles. Its aim is to provide for the safe,
orderly and efficient movement of persons
and goods, and to protect and, where
possible, enhance the quality of the local
environment on and adjacent to traffic
facilities.
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Need for Traffic Management:
The regulation should be framed so as to achieve safe and efficient movement of traffic and
pedestrians.
Traffic should be flexible with respect to changing condition and time.
Traffic should be reviewed and altered periodically in light of traffic condition and accident data
analysis.
Design of streets and facilities and safe operation of traffic are vitally connected with the traffic
regulation.
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Traffic Management Techniques
Traffic Management can be done in two ways :
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Traffic Management Measure in Road
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1.Restriction on Turning Movements
In India at a junction turning traffic include left and right-turned but at intersection only left
movement of vehicle allows (left hand traffic rule) Prohibition of Right turning movement can
stabilized only street.
Following are the three methods of Turning Regulation (one way):
T –Turn
G -Turn
Q-Turn
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T Turn
Diversion of right turning traffic may difficult to deal with traffic flow in
major Cross section some time it may deal with minor section
G Turn
Diversion of right turning traffic to left before the junction it may go to left
then to straight to reach the junction is very useful to deal with the traffic
flow.
Q Turn
Diversion of right turning traffic before the junction may Allow to go three
turn to reach the major section to manage the major traffic density and
traffic conjunction on road.
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2) Traffic flow characteristics
As a traffic management measure intended to improve traffic flow, Increase the capacity and
reduce the delay.
Traffic flow lane characteristics is immediate and least expensive method alleviating the flow in
busy area.
Traffic movements at junction involve Number of point of conflicts on two lane roads meeting
at right angles.
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No. Type of Traffic No. of Conflicting Points
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Conflicts on Cross Roads with one way Conflicts on Cross Roads with one-way
regulation on one road. regulation on both road.
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3) Tidal Flow Regulation Technique
Tidal flow refers to a road where a lane
or lanes can sometimes carry more traffic
in one direction.
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4) Lane service & Side streets:
Regulation and Control of
traffic, a lane is Part of a
Roadway (carriageway) that
is designated to be used by a
single line of vehicles, to
control and guide drivers and
reduce traffic conflicts.
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Regulation of traffic for vehicle, driver
& road users
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1)Traffic Laws
Rule of road safety law and motor vehicle act (1988) was brought in to effect from July 1,1989. it
serves the major guideline for the driver, motor vehicle license and control of traffic. It deals
with basic facts such as overtaking, traffic signals, speed limit.
The necessary document to be carried while driving. Preliminary Laws (M.V.A-1988): -
Valid driving license.
Licensing of conductors of stage carriages.
Vehicle registration certificate.
Valid vehicle's insurance certificate.
Permit and vehicle's certificate of fitness (applicable only to transport vehicles).
Valid Pollution Under Control Certificate
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2) Rules of the Road (driver & road user)
Keep to Left.
Slow Down at road junctions.
Wear helmet.
Do not park at or near a road crossing or on top of a hill or on a footpath.
Do Not Cross the Yellow Line dividing the road even while overtaking.
Use The Horn only when essential and do not use it in a silence zone.
Do Not Carry Goods on a motor vehicle.
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Traffic Control Devices
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1)Islands
An area of road surface marked with cross hatching or solid object to means of separating traffic
or reducing speed or to provide a safe area to turn right or left side at junction. There are two
type of island:
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2)Traffic signs (passive signs)
Regulatory or mandatory signs:
All Mandatory or Regulatory Signs are circular in shape.
Mandatory/Prohibitory Signs are to indicate the
prohibition upon certain kind of vehicle maneuver and
vehicle type.
They are with red circular ring and diagonal bars with
black symbols or arrows or letters on white background.
The red ring indicates prohibitory regulation; and the
diagonal red bar prohibits the action or movement
indicated by the black symbol.
Mandatory signs giving positive instructions are circular
with white symbol on a blue background. They indicate
what driver must do compulsorily.
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Warning or cautionary signs:
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Informatory or guiding signs:
All Informatory signs and Guiding signs for facilities are
rectangular in shape. Informatory Signs for facilities indicates
location and direction to facilities like "fuel station" or "eating
place" or "parking" and shall be a symbol within a rectangular
board with blue background.
Information signs in rectangular shape are also used with
destination names and distances with arrows indicating the
direction.
These are used to give such information to road users which
will help them along the route in most simple and direct
manner.
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3)Traffic Signals (active signs): -
Traffic control signals are
devices placed along, beside,
or above a roadway to guide,
warn, and regulate the flow
of traffic, which includes
motor vehicles, motorcycles,
bicycles, pedestrians, and
other road users.
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4) Marking:
Marking is a Representation of road path
and their direction where he goes A
broken white line which is marks at the
center of the road. longer broken white
lines in the center of the road indicate a
hazard ahead. This means you must not
cross or straddle it unless it is safe and you
need to enter adjoining premises or a side
road.
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5)Channelizing Devices
The function of channelizing devices is to warn and channelize the movement of road users
through changed path of movement due to the conditions created by work activities in or near
the roadway. Channelizing devices include cones, tubular markers, vertical panels, drums,
barricades, pavement markings and road studs.
Traffic cones
Traffic cones may be of the height of 500
mm, 750 mm and 1000 mm and of 300 to
500 mm in diameter or in a square shape.
They shall be of brilliant red/orange/yellow
and shall be made of a material that can
be struck without causing damage to the
impacting vehicle. For nighttime use, cones
shall be retro-reflectorized or equipped
with lighting devices for maximum
visibility.
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Tubular markers
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Hazard markers
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Drums
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Barricades
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Direction indicator barricades
The direction indicator barricade in figure shall
consist of a one-direction large arrow sign
mounted above a diagonal striped, horizontally
aligned, retro-reflective rail. The direction
indicator barricade may be used in tapers,
transitions, and other areas where specific
directional guidance to drivers is necessary. If
used, direction indicator barricades should be
used in series to direct the driver through the
transition and into the intended travel lane.
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New jersey barrier
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Water-filled barricades
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6)Temporary Pavement Markings & Road
Studs
Pavement markings shall be
maintained along paved streets and
highways in all long- and
intermediate-term stationary work
zones.
All pavement markings shall be in
accordance with IRC:35.
The colour of pavement markings
shall be white or yellow
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Road studs
The pavement markings shall be reinforced with road studs and the color of the road studs shall be
amber. Where it is essentially required to divide the two streams of traffic, and bi-directional road
studs shall be provided at 1 .5 m to 9 m spacing. Roads studs shall be used at acute temporary
diversions to reinforce the temporary continuous marking and also where contra-flow situation is
required
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7)Lighting Devices & Variable Message
Signs
Lighting devices when used to supplement channelization, the maximum spacing for warning
lights should be identical to the channelizing device spacing requirements.
Four types of lighting devices are commonly used in work zones. They are floodlights, flashing
warning beacons, warning lights, and steady-burn electric lamps.
Lighting devices may be used to supplement retro-reflectorized signs, barriers, and
channelizing devices.
During normal daytime maintenance operations, the functions of flashing warning beacons
may be provided by high-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights on a
maintenance vehicle.
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Floodlights
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Flashing warning beacons
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Warning lights
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Temporary traffic control signals
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Arrow boards
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Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS)
Intelligent Traffic Management System is also called Intelligent Transportation System.
ITMS could be achieved by using units like Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Base Station(BS), Traffic
Control Box (TCB) and algorithms like Traffic System Communication Algorithm(TCSA) and Traffic Signal
Time Manipulation Algorithm (TSTMA)
Benefits of ITS
Secure, safe and comfortable movement of road users
Reduce Delay and congestion
Reduce Travel time
Reduce Waiting time at signals
Reduce Queue length at signals
Reduce Fuel consumption
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References
Siddamma. G. Pashupatimath and Prof. Shilpa. Madhavanavar 2018, Different Techniques Used
in Traffic Control System : An Introduction
Indian roads congress 2014, Guidelines on Traffic Management in Work Zones
Indian roads congress 2012, Code Of Practice For Road Signs
Metrasys 2012, Traffic Management Guideline and manual to Best Practice
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The Role of Transportation Systems Management &
Operations in Supporting Livability and Sustainability.
K. O. Olayiwola, A. M. Olaseni and O. Fashina 2011, Traffic Congestion Problems in Central
Business District
Vijai Krishnan V, Intelligent Transportation Systems - ITS
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Thank You
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