WEN2601/101/0/2020

Tutorial Letter 101/0/2020

Water Engineering II (Theory)

WEN2601

Year module

Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering

This tutorial letter contains important information

about your module.

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 CONTENTS
Page

1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE ............................................................................................ 3

2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 Outcomes ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 ECSA graduate attributes ............................................................................................................. 4
3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................... 4
3.1 Lecturer(s) .................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Department ................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 5
4 RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Prescribed book(s) ........................................................................................................................ 6
4.2 Recommended book(s) ................................................................................................................. 6
4.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves) ................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Library services and resources information ................................................................................... 6
5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES ................................................................................................ 7
6 STUDY PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 8
7 PRACTICAL WORK ..................................................................................................................... 8
8 ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 8
8.1 Assessment criteria....................................................................................................................... 8
8.2 Assessment plan .......................................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Assignment numbers .................................................................................................................... 9
8.3.1 General assignment numbers ....................................................................................................... 9
8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers ........................................................................................................ 9
8.4 Assignment due dates .................................................................................................................. 9
8.5 Submission of assignments ........................................................................................................ 10
8.6 The assignments ........................................................................................................................ 11
8.7 Other assessment methods ........................................................................................................ 19
8.8 The examination ......................................................................................................................... 19
9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 19
10 SOURCES CONSULTED ........................................................................................................... 19
11 IN CLOSING ............................................................................................................................... 19
12 ADDENDUM ............................................................................................................................... 19

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 WEN2601/101/0/2020

Dear Student

As part of this tutorial letter, we wish to inform you that Unisa has implemented a transformation
charter based on five pillars and eight dimensions. In response to this charter, we have also
placed curriculum transformation high on the agenda. For your information, curriculum
transformation includes the following pillars: student-centred scholarship, the pedagogical
renewal of teaching and assessment practices, the scholarship of teaching and learning, and
the infusion of African epistemologies and philosophies. These pillars and their principles will be
integrated at both the programme and module levels, as a phased-in approach. You will notice
the implementation thereof in your modules, and we encourage you to fully embrace these
changes during your studies at Unisa.

1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE

Welcome to the WATER ENGINEERING II (Theory) (WEN2601) module offered by the
department of Civil and chemical of Engineering at UNISA. This tutorial letter (TL) gives an
overview and specific information about this module as well as general administrative
information. Use it to guide your studies of WEN2601. Read it carefully and keep it safe for
future reference. We trust that you will enjoy this module.
Some of the tutorial matter may not be available when you register. Tutorial matter that is not
available when you register will be posted to you as soon as possible, but is also available on
myUnisa.

2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES

2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this module is to instill theory, principles and application of hydrostatics, flow of
water through pipes, fittings and pumps, water and wastewater treatment processes.

2.2 Outcomes
Students are expected to be able to interpret a given physical engineering situation, analyse the
situation and apply the laws of nature, expressed by formulas, to obtain an answer to the
problem.

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The student should be able to:

• Demonstrate clear understanding of the underlying principle(s) of the follwing subjects:

forces and pressures within a fluid, hydrostatics, fluid dynamics, pumps, water and
wastewater treatment
• Select appropriate formula(e) for the calculation(s) required.
• Manipulate formula(e) in accordance with given information and required result.
• Calculate result(s) to the required level of accuracy.

2.3 ECSA graduate attributes

1. To satisfy ECSA Graduate Attribute 2: students must be able to apply knowledge of
mathematics, natural sciences, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialty
to solve complex engineering problems.
2. To satisfy ECSA Graduate Attribute 9: the student must be able to demonstrate
competence to engage in independent learning through well-developed learning skills to
apply it to his/her work.

3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS

3.1 Lecturer(s)
Mr Dunisani Chabalala is your lecturer

• Tel no.: (011) 670 9389

• E-mail: chabadt@unisa.ac.za

Contact Times: Working days (8h00 to 14h00)

Because of the nature of the module, you are advised to send emails.

The functions of the Module’s Lecturer are:

• Enquiries about technical content;

• Set assignments;
• Mark assignments;
• Set examination papers, and;
• Mark examination papers.

Under no circumstances should the lecturer be contacted with regard to examination dates,
results, receipt of assignment or assignment marks.

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3.2 Department
You may contact the Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering by post, email, telephone,
or online through myUnisa.

Please refer to the brochure: “myStudies @ Unisa”.

Department Address:
Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering
Unisa (Florida Campus)
Private Bag x6
Florida
1710
Phone : 011 471 2048/3132
E-mail address : civil&chemical@unisa.ac.za

Find the department on the Internet at the online address: www.unisa.ac.za

Always state your STUDENT NUMBER and the Module Code WEN2601 in all correspondence
and enquiries.

Thus, whenever you contact the Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, ensure that the
first thing you mention after greeting is the Module’s code! It does not help to say you are a
student in Civil Engineering since there are several modules.

3.3 University
If you need to contact the University about matters not related to the content of this module,
please consult the publication my Studies @ Unisa that you received with your study material
contains information on how to contact the University (e.g. to whom you can write for different
queries, important telephone and fax numbers, addresses and details of the times certain
facilities are open).

Always have your student number at hand when you contact the University.

Enquiries will should be channelled to the correct department. The details are as follows:

Email: study-info@unisa.ac.za

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4 RESOURCES
4.1 Prescribed book(s)
WATER ENGINEERING
AUTHOR : C. F. Meyer
PUBLISHER : C. F. Meyer
YEAR : Latest available edition
Prescribed books can be obtained from the University’s official booksellers. If you have difficulty
in locating your book(s) at these booksellers, please contact the Prescribed Book Section at Tel:
012 429-4152 or e-mail vospresc@unisa.ac.za.

Should you encounter any anomalies or mistakes, please contact your Lecturer.

4.2 Recommended book(s)

A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R. K. Bansal

4.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves)

N/A

4.4 Library services and resources information

The Unisa Library offers a range of information services and resources:

• for brief information go to: https://www.unisa.ac.za/library/libatglance

• for more detailed Library information, go to
http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library
• for research support and services (e.g. Personal Librarians and literature
search services), go to
http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library/Library-
services/Research-support

The Library has created numerous Library guides: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za

Recommended guides:

• request and find library material/download recommended material:

http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request
• postgraduate information services:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/postgrad
• finding and using library resources and tools:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/Research_skills
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• Frequently asked questions about the Library: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask

• Services to students living with disabilities:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/disability

Important contact information:

• https://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask - Ask a Librarian

• Lib-help@unisa.ac.za - technical problems accessing library online services
• Library-enquiries@unisa.ac.za - general library related queries
• Library-fines@unisa.ac.za - for queries related to library fines and payments

5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES

The Study@Unisa brochure is available on myUnisa: www.unisa.ac.za/brochures/studies
This brochure has all the tips and information you need to succeed at distance learning and,
specifically, at Unisa.

For information on the various student support systems and services available at Unisa (e.g.
student counselling, tutorial classes, language support), please consult the publication Your
Service Guide @ Unisa that you received with your study material.

Study groups
It is advisable to have contact with fellow students. One way to do this is to form study groups.
The addresses of students in your area may be obtained from the following department:
Directorate: Student Administration and Registration
PO Box 392
UNISA
0003
Alternatively, contact the Unisa Call Centre 086 167 0411.

myUnisa
You are strongly advised to register and use myUnisa. The myUnisa learning management
system is Unisa's online campus that will help you to communicate with your lecturers, with
other students and with the administrative departments of Unisa – all through the computer and
the internet.
To go to the myUnisa website, start at the main Unisa website, http://www.unisa.ac.za, and then
click on the “Login to myUnisa” link on the right-hand side of the screen. This should take you
to the myUnisa website. You can also go there directly by typing in http://my.unisa.ac.za.
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Please consult the publication my Studies @ Unisa which you received with your study material
for more information on myUnisa.
You must register on myUnisa to be able to submit assignments, to have access to the Library
functions, download study material, “chat” to your lecturer or fellow students and participate in
online discussion forums and get access to all sorts of learning resources.
myUnisa will be used for general communications in this module.

Discussion classes
A discussion class or contact session might be scheduled for this module. If it is the case, the
date and location of the class will be posted on myUnisa. Note that such classes are likely to be
scheduled after the date of submission of the last assignment.

6 STUDY PLAN
N/A

7 PRACTICAL WORK
Water Engineering II practical (WEN2PRA) is the practical component of WEN2601

8 ASSESSMENT
8.1 Assessment criteria
This module is part of a year long system, not a semester system.

Normal Repeat Aegrotat

Group Format Unique Nr. Due Date Type Opt.
weight weight weight

formative(F) MCQ 753058 20200511 Individual M 20 20 20

formative(F) Written 671448 20200615 Individual M 40 40 40

formative(F) Written 870808 20200713 Individual M 40 40 40

8.2 Assessment plan

ASSESSMENT INFORMATION

Formative assessment
Evidence of competence is provided through 3 individual assignments that address different
learning outcomes of the course. Competence is assessed using a memorandum.
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Summative assessment
Evidence of competence is provided through an exam that addresses the learning outcomes of
the course. Competence is assessed using a memorandum.

Assessment preparation
Students are informed of the assessment content, activities and requirement through Tutorial
Letter 101. An internal moderator provides comments on Tutorial letter 101 before it is finalised.
The examiners and moderator of the exam comment on the exam questions before they are
finalised. All assessment procedures, requirements and instructions are provided in Tutorial
Letter 101. Students with special needs as well as students who need clarification should
contact the lecturer.

Reassessment
Students who reach the subminimum of 40% at the October/November exam session qualify
for reassessment and will rewrite the exam during the January/February exam session.

8.3 Assignment numbers

8.3.1 General assignment numbers
Each assignment receives a percentage mark. In order to qualify for sitting the examinations,
students have to submit all Assignments. You will find your assignments for this subject in
Section 10 of this tutorial letter.

Assignments are numbered consecutively per module, starting from 01

8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers

Assignment 1 753058

Assignment 2 671448

Assignment 3 870808

8.4 Assignment due dates

Please submit both assignments, duly complete, to UNISA before the due dates (Table 1).
Note: The cut-off dates given in this tutorial letter are the only official dates to which students
must adhere. All other dates referring to cut-off submission dates for assignments, as may be

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posted on myUnisa or elsewhere, refers to administrative dates as managed by the
Assignments Department and does NOT influence or change the above dates.
Assignment 1 11 May 2020

Assignment 2 15 June 2020

Assignment 3 13 July 2020

Student must send a filled extension request form (available on myUnisa) before the due date of
the assignment. At his discretion the lecturer may grant an extension of up to two weeks for an
assignment when satisfied there are reasonable grounds and that the approved extension will
not give undue advantage or disadvantage to the student. If a student is unable to submit an
assignment on the due date due to other commitments, then it is recommended the student
submit on a day earlier to the due. Early submissions are strongly encouraged. In fairness to
students who meet the assignment due date and time, late submissions will receive a zero
mark.

8.5 Submission of assignments

You should submit your written assignments in Hard copies to the assignment dept by post or
personally or drop in the assignment box and assignments completed on mark-reading sheets
either by post or Mobile MCQ submission or electronically via myUnisa. Assignments may not
be submitted by fax or e-mail.

For detailed information on assignments, please refer to the my Studies @ Unisa brochure,
which you received with your study package.
To submit an assignment via myUnisa (except assignment 2 and 3)
• Go to myUnisa.
• Log in with your student number and password.
• Select the module.
• Click on assignments in the menu on the left-hand side of the screen.
• Click on the assignment number you wish to submit.
• Follow the instructions.
Model answers for Assignments 2 & 3 will only be emailed to students who submit their
assignments by the due date. Make sure that your myUnisa email address is working.

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8.6 The assignments

Assignment 1
Assignment 1 is a Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ) assignment that must be completed on the
“MARK READING SHEET”. This MCQ consists of theories and problems, which will require
that you not only grasp some elementary theories of water engineering, but also learn the
different units and how to convert them.

Assignment 2 & 3
Assignment 2 and 3 cover the chapters of your study guide. The assignments will probably
require at least 160 hours of study time. Unlike assignment 1, which is a MCQ, for assignments
2 and 3 we are more interested by the method you select in order to solve a given problem.

Important information

• It is compulsory to submit your assignments in order to obtain examination entrance.

• No late assignment submissions will be accepted.
• Keep a clear copy of all the assignments for your own reference. This is important, as
assignments do get lost.
• Submissions of all assignments must be in accordance to the brochure: my Studies@
Unisa.
• The brochure: my Studies@ Unisa.explains how you may submit assignments
electronically. Note: if you choose to submit your assignments electronically, make sure
that you have fixed your Excel or Word files in such a way that it will print on one page
wide and not spill over on to a second page. The assignment section just prints the file,
they no not check to see whether parts of a page are cut off
• It is your responsibility to check whether UNISA has received your assignment by two (3)
weeks after submission and ask whether they have received and recorded your
assignment. Do not contact your Lecturer!!!
• If you have not received stationery such as assignment covers, bar codes, envelopes, do
not contact your lecturer..
• you may submit the assignment typed or handwritten, even if you have not received the
stationery, using an ordinary A4 envelope.
• Non-receipt of stationery will not be deemed as reason to obtain extension of time for
submission by due dates.

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 ASSIGNMENT 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(To be answered on the mark reading sheet)
(Total: 100 Marks)

1. The property of fluid that describes its internal resistance is known as ____________
a) Viscosity
b) Friction
c) Resistance
d) Internal energy

2. The force required to drag a small barge ( 3 m × 3 m ) in a shallow canal where the water depth
is 7.5 cm in order to maintain a velocity of 1.5 m/sec. ( Dynamic viscosity is 0.001 N.sec/m2 ) :
a) 1.8 N
b) 18 N
c) 0.18 N
d) 180 N

3. The major loss of energy in pipes is due to ________________

a) Sudden enlargement
b) Sudden contraction
c) Gradual contraction or enlargement
d) Friction

4. A rectangular block of 2 m long, 1 m wide and 1 m deep floats in water, the depth of immersion
being 0.5 m. If water weighs 10 kN/m3, then the weight of the block is ______________
a) 5 kN
b) 10 kN
c) 15 kN
d) 20 kN

5. An open tank contains 1 m deep water with 50 cm depth of oil of specific gravity 0.8 above it. The
intensity of pressure at the bottom of tank will be ______________
a) 4 kN/m2
b) 10 kN/m2
c) 12 kN/m2
d) 14 kN/m2

6. The specific weight of water is 1000 kg/m is at ________________

a) At normal pressure of 760 mm
b) At 4oC temperature
c) At mean sea level
d) None of the above

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7. Choose the correct relationship

a) Gravity = specific gravity x density
b) Kinematic viscosity =dynamic viscosity x density
c) Dynamic viscosity = kinematic viscosity x density
d) Specific gravity = gravity x density

8. Which of the following instruments is used to measure flow on the application of Bernoulli’s
theorem?
a) Pitot tube
b) Orifice plate
c) Venturi meter
d) All of the above

9. ______________ fluid does not experience shearing stress during flow.

a) Pseudoplastic
b) Dilatant
c) Newtonian
d) Inviscid

10. A square plate (each side equal to 2 m) with a central hole of diameter 1m is submerged
vertically in water such that the upper edge of the plate is at a depth of 0.5 m from the free
surface. What will be the total water pressure (in kN) on the plate?
a) 15.77
b) 31.54
c) 47.31
d) 63.08

[Total = 100 marks]

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 ASSIGNMENT 2
TOTAL: 100 marks
Question1

Water flows from point A to point D and E as shown in figure 1.1 below. Some of the flow
parameters are known, as shown in the table. Determine the unknown parameters.

A B

Figure 1.1

Section Diameter (mm) Flow rate (m3/s) Velocity (m/s)

AB 400 ? ?

BC 700 ? 1.3

CD ? Q3 = 2Q4 1.5

CE 200 Q4 = 0.5Q3 ?

(20 Marks)

Question 2

Explain the following;

a. Fluid and how does it differ from a solid? (3)

b. Specific gravity and how is it related to density? (3)
c. Pascal’s law and give a real-world example of it. (3)
d. The difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure. (3)
e. Hydraulic grade line and how does it differ from the energy grade line? (3)
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(15 Marks)

Question 3

Your company is setting up an experiment that involves measurement of flow rate using flow
measuring apparatus and you are to come up with proper instrumentation. Research the
available techniques and devices for flow rate measurement, discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each technique, and make a recommendation.

(15 Marks)

Question 4
An earth drainage ditch may be approximated a trapezoidal channel has a base width b = 6 m
and side slopes 1H:1V. The channel bottom slope is So = 0.0002 and the Manning roughness
coefficient is n = 0.014. Compute
a) the depth of uniform flow if Q = 6.01 m3/s
b) the state of flow (25 Marks)

Question 5

a) What are the best dimension y and B for rectangular brick channel designed to carry 5.5
m3/s of water in uniform flow with S = 0.0015, and n = 0.015?

b) Compare results with a half-hexagon and semi-circle.

(25 Marks)

Total = 100 marks]

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 ASSIGNMENT 3
QUESTION 1

An inverted U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure difference between two
pipes A and B, as shown in the figure. Pipe A is carrying oil (specific gravity = 0.85) and pipe
B is carrying water. The densities of air and water are 1.16 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3,
respectively. Determine the pressure difference between pipes A and B.
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s2

[20 marks]

QUESTION 2

As an engineering technician, you are required to advice if the tank shown in Figure 2.1 is filling

or emptying? At what rate is the water level rising or falling? Assume that the density is

constant, and all inflow and outflow velocities are steady and constant over their respective

areas.

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Figure 2.1

[20 marks]

QUESTION 3

An open channel of trapezoidal section has a base width of 3 m and sides inclined at 60 o to the

horizontal. It is found that the normal depth is 0.5 m when the discharge of 3 m3/s. Therefore, as

engineering technician, you are required to calculate the discharge when the normal depth in

0.70 m using a bed slope is 1 in 700 and n = 0.015.

[20 marks]

QUESTION 4

A thin 60 cm x 60 cm flat plate is pulled at 3 m/s horizontally through a 3.6 mm-thick oil layer
sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and the other moving at a constant velocity of
0.3 m/s. The dynamic viscosity of the oil is 0.027 Pa s. Assuming the velocity in each oil layer to
vary linearly,
a) plot the velocity profile and find the location where the oil velocity is zero and
b) determine the force that needs to be applied on the plate to maintain this motion.
[15 marks]

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QUESTION 5

5.1 What is the capillary effect? (3)

5.2 What is its cause? (3)

5.3 How is it affected by the contact angle? (3)

5.4 A capillary tube of 1.2 mm diameter is immersed vertically in water exposed to the
atmosphere. Determine how high water will rise in the tube. Take the contact angle at the inner
wall of the tube to be 6° and the surface tension to be 1.00 N/m. (6)

[15 MARKS]

QUESTION 6

A 3 m high, 6 m-wide rectangular gate is hinged at the top edge at A and is restrained by a fixed
ridge at B (Fig. 6.1). Determine the hydrostatic force exerted on the gate by the 5 m high water
and the location of the pressure center. total water height of 2 m.

Figure 6.1

[Total = 15 marks]

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8.7 Other assessment methods

N/A
8.8 The examination
Do not contact the lecturer with any examination queries.
Direct all queries related to examinations to the call centre, asking for the examination
department. Ensure you have a valid examination timetable or have received official
confirmation of exam admission with a date. You must fulfil the requirements listed in Table 2.
Table 2. WEN2601, Examination requirement
Type of examination Closed book
Examination Language English
Non-programmable Calculators are allowed
No student will be permitted to sit for the examination unless all assignments have been
submitted.

Refer to your my Studies @ Unisa brochure for general examination guidelines and examination
preparation guidelines.

9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

N/A

10 SOURCES CONSULTED
N/A

11 IN CLOSING
Good luck with your studies

12 ADDENDUM
N/A

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