CUADERNILLO DE

TEXTOS ESPECÍFICOS

KINESIOLOGIA
INSTRUMENTACION Q.

INGLÉS I

2020
 LEVEL I
TEXT 1

BODY PARTS

In this table there are words for parts of the body and six categories. Decide which
category or categories each part belongs to. The first one has been done for you as
an example

arm hand leg foot torso head

Abdomen
X
Achilles
tendon
Ankle
Buttock
Calf
Chest
Chin
Ear
Elbow
Eye
Eyebrow
Eyelash
Eyelid
Finger
Forearm
Forehead
Gum
Hip
Knee
Knuckle
Lip
Nail
Navel
Neck
Nipple
Nose
Palm
Rib
Scalp
Shoulder
Sole
Temple
Thigh
Thumb
Toe
Tongue
Tooth
Wrist
TEXT 2

Systems of the human body

The human body is marvelously complex, and the greatest wonder is,
complex as it is, how well it works most of the time. For purposes of study,
we can divide the body into systems, although each system is highly
complex and the dividing line between systems may not be distinct. All of
the systems have specialized functions, but they are also closely related to
one another, indeed their successful interaction is absolutely necessary for
our survival.

The skeletal system refers chiefly to the bones that support and protect the
body. All the muscles that push and pull the skeleton make up the muscular
system. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the tubes – arteries
and veins – that transport blood. We breathe with our respiratory system,
which supplies oxygen to the body’s tissues and removes some wastes. The
nervous system, whose primary components are the brain and the spinal
cord, is our “master control”, regulating all our internal functions and
providing us with information about the environment. We process food and
eliminate some wastes with the digestive system. The urinary system is
responsible for the elimination of most of the body’s liquid chemical
wastes. The reproductive system consists of those organs that characterize
the sexes and enables us to conceive, bear, and give birth to offspring. The
secretion of hormones, which regulates the body’s functions chemically, is
the job of the endocrine system. The lymphatic system works with the
veins in draining fluid from tissues and helps defend the body against
infection. The skin, the body’s largest organ, encloses and protects all the
body’s systems.
1- Skeletal
2- Muscular
3- Circulatory
4- Respiratory
5- Nervous
6- Digestive
7- Urinary
8- Reproductive
9- Endocrine
10- Lymphatic
11- Skin
 TEXT 3

The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System serves many important functions; it provides the shape
for our bodies in addition to supporting, protecting, allowing bodily
movement, producing blood for the body, and storing minerals.

Functions

Its 206 bones form a rigid framework to which the softer tissues and organs
of the body are attached. Vital organs are protected by the skeletal system.
The brain is protected by the surrounding skull as the heart and lungs are
encased by the sternum and rib cage. Bodily movement is carried out by
the interaction of the muscular and skeletal systems. For this reason, they
are often grouped together as the musculo-skeletal system. Muscles are
connected to bones by tendons. Bones are connected to each other by
ligaments. Where bones meet one another is typically called a joint.
Muscles which cause movement of a joint are connected to two different
bones and contract to pull them together. An example would be the
contraction of the biceps and a relaxation of the triceps. This produces a
bend at the elbow. The contraction of the triceps and relaxation of the
biceps produces the effect of straightening the arm. Blood cells are
produced by the marrow located in some bones. An average of 2.6 million
red blood cells is produced each second by the bone marrow to replace
those worn out and destroyed by the liver.

Bones serve as a storage area for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
When an excess is present in the blood, buildup will occur within the
bones. When the supply of these minerals within the blood is low, it will be
withdrawn from the bones to replenish the supply.

Divisions of the Skeleton

The human skeleton is divided into two distinct parts:

The axial skeleton consists of bones that form the axis of the body and
support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.

 The Skull
The Sternum
The Ribs
The Vertebral Column
The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones that anchor the
appendages to the axial skeleton.

 The Upper Extremities

The Lower Extremities
The Shoulder Girdle
The Pelvic Girdle--(the sacrum and coccyx are considered part of
the vertebral column)

Answer the following questions

1- Mention the functions of the skeletal system.

2- How is the brain protected?

3- How are the heart and lungs protected?

4- How is bodily movement carried out?

5- Explain:

a- tendons
b- ligaments

c- joints

6- How are blood cells produced?

7- How is the human skeleton divided? Explain it

TEXT 4

The Digestive System

Your digestive system consists of organs that break down food into
components that your body uses for energy and for building and repairing
cells and tissues.

Food passes down the throat, down through a muscular tube called the
esophagus, and into the stomach, where food continues to be broken down.
The partially digested food passes into a short tube called the duodenum
(first part of the small intestine). The jejunum and ileum are also part of the
small intestine. The liver, the gallbladder, and the pancreas produce
enzymes and substances that help with digestion in the small intestine.

The last section of the digestive tract is the large intestine, which includes
the cecum, colon, and rectum. The appendix is a branch off the large
intestine; it has no known function. Indigestible remains of food are
expelled through the anus.

Answer the following questions

1- What does the digestive system consist of?

2- Where does food pass down?

3- What is the duodenum?

4- What do the liver, the gallbladder and the pancreas produce?

5- What does the large intestine include?

6- What is the appendix?

Source: AMA's Current Procedural Terminology, Revised 1998 Edition. CPT is a trademark of the
American Medical Association.