LEARNING EXTENDED RESPONSE-

Discuss two factors that may influence how Alice learns through observation.
Two factors of observational learning are Attention and Retention. Alice must pay attention
to the model on TC eg. Alice watched the program carefully. The model must also be
someone Alice would look up to, in this case the presenters. Alice must be able to retain
what has been observed as it will not be performed until she actually makes the cake.
OR. Reproduction- Alice must be able to reproduce the models behaviour. Alice does this by
later successfully using the techniques in her cakes.
Motivation- there must be an incentive or a reward for Alice to reproduce the behaviour.
Alice can see that the TV presenters are good at what they do and therefore have a TV show
that people watch. Or, Alice wants to get better and be like them therefore is motivated to
be better.

Describe the process of positive reinforcement, illustrated with one example from the
scenario.
Positive reinforcement involves increasing the strength or frequency of a behaviour through
adding a pleasant stimulus. Alice is rewarded for her cakes by her friends compliments
(pleasant stimulus) therefore, she continues to bake a decorate cakes (increases behaviour).
Describe the process of negative reinforcement, illustrated with one example from the
scenario.
Negative reinforcement involves strengthening a behaviour through the removal of an
unpleasant stimulus. Burning the cakes is an unpleasant stimulus for Alice, therefore she
removes it or avoids it by taking her cakes out of the oven in time (increased behaviour).

Describe the process of classical conditioning, illustrated with one example from the
scenario.
Classical conditioning involves learning via association. During conditioning the UCS (cake) is
paired with the NS (special plate) which causes salivation. Alices friends nw salivate when
they see her special plate as they associate it with food and no longer need to see the food
to salivate.