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What Is Taxable Income?: Key Takeaways
What Is Taxable Income?: Key Takeaways
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Taxable Income
When businesses file their taxes, they do not report their revenue directly as
taxable income. Rather, they subtract their business expenses from their revenue
to calculate their business income. Then, they subtract deductions to calculate
their taxable income.
While canceled debts are usually taxable, Congress exempted forgiven
Paycheck Protection Program loans from federal taxation. Some states,
however, may treat the forgiven amount as taxable income or disallow
deductions for expenses paid for by the loan.3
For the 2020 tax year, the CARES Act allows taxpayers who elect the standard
deduction to take a $300 "above-the-line" deduction for cash contributions to
charity.8
The standard deduction is a set amount tax filers can claim if they don’t have
enough itemized deductions to claim. For 2021, individual tax filers can claim a
$12,400 standard deduction ($24,800 for married filing jointly and $18,650 for
heads of household).9 These figures rise to $12,550, $25,100, and $18,800 for
2021.1 0
If you plan to itemize deductions rather than take the standard deduction, these
are the records most commonly needed.
As part of the American Rescue Plan, which was passed by President Joe Biden
on March 11, 2021, a Senate amendment made $10,200 ($20,400 for married
couples filing jointly) of unemployment compensation paid in 2020 tax-free at the
federal level for anyone earning less than $150,000. Since states may not
conform with the federal exemption, review your state return and this list to see
how your state treats unemployment income.1 4 If you filed your tax return before
March 31, 2021, the IRS will adjust it automatically.1 5 The Act also includes a
provision that student loan forgiveness issued between Jan. 1, 2021, and Dec.
31, 2025, will not be taxable to the recipient.1 4
Taxable Income vs. Nontaxable Income
The IRS considers almost every type of income to be taxable, but a small
number of income streams are nontaxable. For example, if you are a member of
a religious organization who has taken a vow of poverty, work for an organization
run by that order, and turn your earnings over to the order, your income is
nontaxable. Similarly, if you receive an employee achievement award, its value is
not taxable as long as certain conditions are met. If someone dies and you
receive a life insurance payment, that is nontaxable income as well.