Slides 1 NervousSystem BrainAndNervousSystem

Autonomic Nervous System
With Dr. Craig Canby
Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

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ANS
Two Systems
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
ANS
Basic Blueprint
• Preganglionic neuron (CNS origin)
• Postganglionic neuron (ganglionic origin)
Preganglionic Postganglionic
CNS nerve fiber Ganglion nerve fiber
Target
cell

ANS
Neurotransmitters and Receptors
• Preganglionic neuron ACh both divisions Para
ACh
• Postganglionic neuron receptor NN (N2)
both divisions
Target cell
NN Sym
Preganglionic
CNS nerve fiber Ganglion N
Postganglionic nerve fiber NE
ACh N
NN Target cell
• Postganglionic neuron neurotransmitters Sym

ACh
• Parasympathetic ACh
• Sympathetic NE and ACh Target cell

ANS
Neurotransmitters and Receptors
Target cell receptors Para
ACh
• Parasympathetic muscarinic
M
• Sympathetic adrenergic and muscarinic
Target cell
NN Sym
Preganglionic
CNS nerve fiber Ganglion N
Postganglionic nerve fiber NE
ACh N
⍺, ℬ
NN Target cell
Sym
ACh
M
Target cell
Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) System
Nerves Conveying Output
• CN III
• CN VII
• CN IX
• CN X
• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 S4)

Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) System
Ganglia
• CN III ciliary ganglion
• CN VII Pterygopalatine and

submandibular ganglia
• CN IX otic ganglion (GOP)
• CN X terminal ganglia of thorax

and midgut and hindgut viscera
• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 S4)

terminal ganglia of hindgut and pelvic
viscera

Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) System
Output to Viscera
• T1 T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

and thorax
• T5 L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

and pelvis via splanchnic nerves
• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Sympathetic Outflow
Body Wall and Limbs
Spinal cord
Sympathetic trunk
Posterior nerve root
Gray ramus communicans
Spinal nerve Anterior nerve root
White ramus communicans
Sympathetic ganglion
Henry Vandyke Carter

Nicole [Public domain],
Yatawara, via Wikimedia Commons
Sympathetic Outflow
Body Wall and Limbs
Preganglionic neurons
Sympathetic trunk in lateral gray horns
(T1 T12 and L1 L2/3)

Sympathetic Outflow
Body Wall and Limbs
Spinal cord
Sympathetic trunk
Posterior nerve root
Axons travel to the sympathetic trunk Sympathetic ganglion

via the white ramus communicans.
Sympathetic Outflow
Body Wall and Limbs
Spinal nerve
Gray ramus communicans Postganglionic neuron
Preganglionic neuron

Sympathetic Outflow
Cervical and Thoracic Viscera
Spinal nerve
Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron
Viscera

Sympathetic Outflow
Abdominopelvic Viscera
Preganglionic neuron
Splanchnic nerve
Postganglionic neuron
Prevertebral ganglion
Visceral targets

Sympathetic Output Driver
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)
• Hypothalamus
• Activates preganglionic sympathetic

neurons in lateral gray horns

Sympathetic Output Lesion
Syndrome
X
• Characterized by the three osis
X
X
• Ptosis drooping upper eyelid
X
X
• Miosis constricted pupil
• Anhydrosis absence of sweating

Sympathetic Output Lesion
Syndrome
X
A commonly examined scenario is
X
where Horner's syndrome can X
present in a Pancoast lung tumor X
its metastatic spread can invade the X
sympathetic chain and cause this
syndrome.

Summary
Nervous System
• The ANS uses the peripheral nervous

system to send output from the central
nervous system through a two-neuron
circuit.
• Preganglionic neurons use ACh to activate

postganglionic neurons in both autonomic
systems.
• Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

release ACh to stimulate target cells.
• Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

release NE to stimulate target cells and,
in a few instances, ACh.

Attribution
Unless noted otherwise on the slide, images

used in this presentation were sourced from:
Paulsen and Waschke:

Atlas of Human Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier
GmbH 2011

This document is a property of: Nicole Yatawara
Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.


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Autonomic Nervous System

With Dr. Craig Canby

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• Postganglionic neuron (ganglionic origin)

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

• Postganglionic neuron neurotransmitters Sym

• Sympathetic NE and ACh Target cell

• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 S4)

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• CN VII Pterygopalatine and

• CN IX otic ganglion (GOP)

• CN X terminal ganglia of thorax

• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 S4)

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• T1 T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5 L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• T1 T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5 L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• T1 T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5 L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• T1 T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5 L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• T1 T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5 L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Spinal nerve Anterior nerve root

White ramus communicans

Henry Vandyke Carter

Spinal nerve Anterior nerve root

White ramus communicans

Henry Vandyke Carter

Spinal nerve Anterior nerve root

Axons travel to the sympathetic trunk Sympathetic ganglion

Gray ramus communicans Postganglionic neuron

Henry Vandyke Carter

White ramus communicans

Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron

Henry Vandyke Carter

Henry Vandyke Carter

Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)

• Activates preganglionic sympathetic

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)

• Anhydrosis absence of sweating

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

• The ANS uses the peripheral nervous

• Preganglionic neurons use ACh to activate

• Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

• Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

Unless noted otherwise on the slide, images

Paulsen and Waschke:

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

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