IMPLANT

BIOMECHANICS

- Dr. Hemal Patel

 OSSEOINTEGRATION

•Occurs when an implant is inserted into living bone

•Connection/bond between living bone and implant
•Key for long term stability
Biomechanics is the interaction between the tissues and
organs of the body and the forces acting on them. It is the
response of the biologic tissue to the applied loads.

Variables  Force, Moment and Torque

Constants  Bone and perioral tissues

FORCE
- At rest - Compressive
- In function - Tensile
- Parafunction - Shear

Force magnitude, direction, duration, magnification

Three moment arms in implant dentistry:
Occlusal height: Div A < Div C, D
Occlusal width: Large occlusal table increase the moment impact for
any offset occlusal loads.
Cantilever length:
•Antero-Posterior (A-P)
•Parafunction
•Arch form

Minimization of these arms are necessary to prevent any

implant failure!

Square Ovoid Tapered

 BONE

Quality:
D1, D2, D3, D4

Quantity:
A
B
B-w
C-w
C-h
D
 IMPLANT
1. Biomaterial: Ti alloy
2. Geometry:
- Crest module
- Shape: cylindrical, tapered, conical, hybrid et al
- Size
- Threads: Y/N? Thread geometry, pitch, depth et al
- Surface treated: Plasma sprayed, HA coated et al
3. Placement and Prosthetic restoration
 Implant placement

Conventional placement guided by anatomy and surgical guide

after treatment planning!

Tilted implants
Platform switching: Use of a smaller-diameter abutment on a
larger-diameter implant collar.

Preserves crestal bone level

Provides horizontal component to Inflammatory cell infiltrate in

biologic width; Implant-abutment non-platform switched (L) &
interface is shifted inwards platform-switched implant (R) 9
 Biomechanical case planning

•Force magnitude, direction, duration type and

magnification

•Site: Location, bone, bony undercut

•Type, height, size (length+diameter), functional

surface area of implant

•Surgery
To summarize,

•Case based Implant selection: variables – number, shape,

threads, pitch, surface, length, diameter, et al.
•Elimination of parafunction
•DON’T connect implant to natural tooth!
•DON’T use wide diameter implants in very dense bone!
•Proper occlusion and loading:

- Implant protected occlusion

- Progressive loading
- Cross bite for buccally resorbed
• Maxillary anterior: Angled > Straight abutment
Steep anterior guidance
Implant-protected occlusion:
- increase the surface area of implants
- decreasing the width of the occlusal table
- reducing the occlusal contacts/no premature contacts,
reduced cusp inclination, shallow occlusal anatomy, and wide
grooves and fossae
- improving the force direction
- reducing the magnification of the force

Progressive loading:
• D1, D2, D3, D4 : 3, 4, 5, 6 months
• Soft diet
• Change of occlusal material: Lateral load
No contact  acrylic  final metal/ceramic
THANK YOU