Mid Term EXAMINATION

Spring 2020
Course Title: History Of Cinema

Student Name & ID: Bisma Saleem Siddiqui

(2218-2019)
Push one washer over the tapered end of the chopstick as hard as you
can. Place the CD onto the washer with the zoetrope strip facing
up. Place the second washer over the tapered end sandwiching the CD
between the two washers. Use a small piece of tape to hold the top
washer to the chopstick, but do NOT tape the washer to the CD.
To use, hold the Zoetrope at a slight angle. While looking through the
slits, spin the CD. You should see the pictures inside animate and move!
If they are moving backwards, spin the CD the other direction. You may
have to experiment to find the right speed to spin the CD in order to best
see the animation. Also, make sure to look through the slits in the paper
at the images.

The images in the animation strip appear to move when you spin the
chopstick because of persistence of vision. When you look at the image
through the slit, your eye retains that image for a fraction of a second
after you’ve moved on to the next image. Your brain merges this image
with the next one. So, as you spin the Zoetrope, the images will appear
to blend and give the appearance of movement. This is similar to how
flip books, televisions, and even movies work.
ZEOTROPE:
A zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices that produce the
illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs
showing progressive phases of that motion. Our Zoetrope’s compact
elegance and smooth performance remains unmatched in the world of
animation toys. 
Zoetrope’s are simple devices that pre-date film animation. The viewer
looks through the slits in a spinning cylinder and sees an animated image. The device works
on the principle that our brains are able to fill in the motion between frames.

3D ZEOTROPE: In the 3D zoetrope, this effect is achieved with physical

objects, a flashing light and a spinning platform. The name zoetrope comes from
the Greek words: “Zoe” meaning "life" and “tropes” meaning "turning". The
activity also incorporates a smart phone app to create the strobe light effect.

WHAT IS PRAXINOSCOPE?
The praxinoscope was a device created for theatre and was invented by Emile
Reynaud in 1879. This apparatus was very similar to the zoetrope and even used
almost the same system to give animation to the images, it was in itself a kind of
zoetrope, with the difference that replaced the drum slots with mirrors inside it. The
biggest difference that existed with the zoetrope is that in the praxinoscope, the moving
images are seen through a crystal that reflects a latent still image that is the stage.

What other technologies did Zoetropes lead to?

Zoetropes were followed by other devices. For example,

the praxinoscope and flip books came next. Both of these give the illusion
of moving pictures. The basic principles behind the zoetrope were also
used to create motion pictures. The visual effects created by zoetropes
are still used today. For example, they are used to create animated GIFs.
They are also used in video display technologies such as streaming video.