Fenómenos

Fisicoquímicos
asociados al Transporte
y Destino Ambiental de
Contaminantes en el
Recurso Suelo

Rosalina González, PhD

https://www.tecnologialibredeconflicto.org/medio-ambiente/
 Contaminantes

 Nutrientes: Nitratos, Fosfatos

Fertilizantes
 Metales Pesados: Cd, Cr, Pb
Pesticidas
 Oxianiones: Arsenito,
Lluvia Ácida
Arsenato
Residuos de Agricultura
 Químicos Orgánicos
Residuos Industriales
 Ácidos Inorgánicos
Residuos Radioactivos
 Radionucleidos
Solución del Suelo - Soil Solution

El agua que hay en el suelo

es el principal direccionador
de los fenómenos
fisicoquímicos en el suelo.

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

 Solución del Suelo - Soil Solution

The soil solution is defined as the aqueous liquid phase of the

soil and its solutes (Glossary of Soil Science Terms, 1997). The
majority of solutes in the soil solution is ions, which occur
either as free hydrated ions (e.g., Al3+ which is expressed as
Al(H2O)6 3+) or as various complexes with organic or inorganic
ligands.

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

 Solución del Suelo - Soil Solution

When metal ions and ligands

directly interact in solution (no
water molecules are present
between the metal ion and the
ligand) they form what are
known as inner-sphere
complexes.

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

Solución del Suelo - Soil Solution

When a water molecule is

positioned between the
metal ions and the ligands
they form what are known
as outer-sphere complexes.

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

 Soil Solution

The concentration of a particular ion in the soil solution

(intensity factor) and the ability of solid components in soils to
resupply an ion that is depleted from the soil solution (capacity
factor) are both important properties of a given soil.
The measurement of the intensity factor is critical in predicting
and understanding reactions in the soil environment such as
weathering and the bioavailability, mobility, and geochemical
cycling of nutrients and inorganic and organic chemicals in soils
(Wolt, 1994).
Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002
 Plantas

Fósforo Adsorbido Absorción Fertilizantes

Biodisponibilidad

Minerales Precipitación Fósforo Soil Residuos

Secundarios Disolución Solution Animales y
Vegetales

Materia Orgánica
Minerales
Microorganismos
Primarios

https://blog.ucc.edu.ar/edafologia/files/2014/10/Introd_Fertilidad_2014-Modo-de-compatibilidad.pdf
 Speciation of the Soil Solution
The speciation of the soil solution refers to determining the
distribution of ions in their various chemical forms.
Total ion concentration: sum of free and complexed ions of the
soil solution. It is important to know the chemical forms of the
free and complexed ions.
Is measured by analytical techniques such as spectrometry,
chromatography, and colorimetry.
It provides important information on the quantities of ions
available for plant uptake and movement through the soil
profile. Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002
 Speciation of the Soil Solution

 Ions in the soil solution can form a number of species due to

hydrolysis, complexation, and redox reactions. (Baes and Mesmer,
1976).
 Analytically, it is not possible to determine all the individual ion
species that can occur in soil solutions. To speciate the soil solution,
one must apply ion association or speciation models using the total
concentration data for each metal and ligand in the soil solution

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

https://www.wfduk.org/sites/default/files/Media/Environmental%20standards/biotic%20ligand%20models%20implement
%20EQS.pdf
 Speciation of the Soil Solution

Mn+ represents the concentration of free hydrated-metal ion

species, and MML is the concentration of metal ion associated
with the remaining metal–ligand complexes

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

 Speciation of the Soil Solution

Todos estos valores no se pueden determinar en el laboratorio,

se necesitan programas computacionales/software

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

Ejemplo Influencia del pH y Dureza
Ejemplo Influencia del pH y Dureza
Programas de especiación de
iones en suelo.

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

 Visual Minteq

 https://vminteq.lwr.kth.se/
 Visual Minteq

Visual MINTEQ was originally coded by the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA). The aim of the program is to simulate
equilibria and speciation of inorganic solutes. The
development of Visual MINTEQ was supported by the Swedish
Research Council (VR) and by the Foundation for Strategic
Environmental Research (MISTRA). .

https://vminteq.lwr.kth.se/
https://vminteq.lwr.kth.se/
https://vminteq.lwr.kth.se/
 Taller

1. Descargar el programa individualmente

2. Identificar la asignación indicada
3. Introducir los valores en el software
4. Generar la salida de especiación
5. Descargar la salida en excel
6. Comparar los valores obtenidos con los del documento de
referencia y hacer análisis
7. Enviar documento Moodle – Plazo: Lunes 310320 23:00 Hr

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Donald Sparks. Academic Press 2002

AMA29 PREVENCION Y CONTROL DE LA CONTAMINACION DEL SUELO G01

CODIGO NOMBRE GRUPO ASIGNACIÓN

41161031 PERILLA RODRIGUEZ KARLA VANESSA Salle Soil MMCV Andisol Testigo Macro
41161175 HERNANDEZ ALMENTERO CAMILO ANDRES Salle Soil MMCV Andisol Testigo Meso
41161196 NIETO OSTIOS MAICOL FABIAN Salle Soil MMCV Andisol Testigo Micro
41161223 GUIZA GARCIA MARIA CAMILA Salle Soil MMCV Oxisol Testigo Macro
41161056 MORENO SANCHEZ ANGELA VIVIANA Soil DARS Oxisol Testigo Meso
41161071 AVILA BERNAL JULIAN DAVID Soil DARS Oxisol Testigo Micro
41161128 HERNANDEZ RIVEROS DAVID SANTIAGO Soil DARS Inceptisol Testigo Macro
41161127 PADILLA GUTIERREZ MIRTHA ALEXANDRA M.2Z.K Inceptisol Testigo Meso
41162047 VALENZUELA BUSTACARA ZULMA LIZETH M.2Z.K Inceptisol Testigo Micro
41162053 ARANGUREN BALLESTEROS ZHARA DANIELA M.2Z.K Andisol + Biosólido Macro
41162078 PINZON ACOSTA KAREN VIVIANA M.2Z.K Andisol + Biosólido Meso
41162023 MORA GARCIA ANA MARIA LAND studium Andisol + Biosólido Micro
41162046 RIVERA TANGARIFE LESLY STEPHANIA LAND studium Oxisol + Biosólido Macro
41162056 CASTAÑEDA VARON DANNA VALENTINA LAND studium Oxisol + Biosólido Meso
41162064 FAJARDO BUITRAGO NATALIA LAND studium Oxisol + Biosólido Micro
 AMA29 PREVENCION Y CONTROL DE LA CONTAMINACION DEL SUELO G02
CODIGO NOMBRE GRUPO ASIGNACIÓN
41161001 SILVA VALBUENA JOHANN SEBASTIAN The Obsidian Gems Inceptisol + Biosólido Macro 5 y 15D
41161151 TRIANA VARGAS LINA JULIANA The Obsidian Gems Inceptisol + Biosólido Macro 45D y Inceptisol + Biosólido Meso 5D
41162026 MARTINEZ CASTELLANOS DANIELA The Obsidian Gems Inceptisol + Biosólido Meso 15 y 45D
41171157 BERNAL GOMEZ MARIA CAMILA The Obsidian Gems Inceptisol + Biosólido Micro 5 y 15D
41161003 SOLANO LONDOÑO JUAN CAMILO The Fulvic Group Inceptisol + Biosólido Micro 45D y Andisol Testigo Macro 5D
41162014 ARISTIZABAL ARISTIZABAL CARLOS ANDRES The Fulvic Group Andisol Testigo Macro 15 y 45D
41162027 BETANCOURTH BUITRAGO SEBASTIAN The Fulvic Group Andisol Testigo Meso 5 y 15D
41162043 GUEVARA RODRIGUEZ RODRIGO STIVENS The Fulvic Group Andisol Testigo Meso 45D y Andisol Testigo Micro 5D
41161029 ORTEGA TENJO JESSICA DANIELA Humus Andisol Testigo Micro 15 y 45D
41161187 CORTES CASTAÑEDA GINA PAOLA Humus Oxisol Testigo Macro 5 y 15D
41161401 BULLA CHAVARRO PAULA ANDREA Humus Oxisol Testigo Macro 45 D y Oxisol Testigo Meso 5D
41161088 LOPEZ SUATERNA CRISTIAN FERNANDO The Aluminates Group Oxisol Testigo Meso 15 y 45D
41161095 PIÑEROS DUEÑAS KAROL NATALIA The Aluminates Group Oxisol Testigo Micro 5 y 15D
41161148 ROMERO ORJUELA EDISON ALEJANDRO The Aluminates Group Oxisol Testigo Micro 45D y Inceptisol Testigo Macro 5D
41161392 DURAN CALDERON ANDRES FELIPE The Aluminates Group Inceptisol Testigo Macro 15 y 45D
41161310 VALENCIA QUEJADA LAURA DANIELA The Volcanic´s Group Inceptisol Testigo Meso 5 y 15D
41162020 URIBE PAEZ VALENTINA The Volcanic´s Group Inceptisol Testigo Meso 45D y Inceptisol Testigo Micro 5D
41162063 MONTEALEGRE CARRILLO ANDRES FELIPE The Volcanic´s Group Inceptisol Testigo Micro 15 y 45D
41162075 BERNAL AVILA LAURA VALENTINA The Volcanic´s Group Andisol + Biosólido Macro 5 y 15D
41161218 LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ LAURA X-Rays squad Andisol + Biosólido Macro 45D y Andisol + Biosólido Meso 5D
41161272 GUERRERO RODRIGUEZ MILENA XIOMARA X-Rays squad Andisol + Biosólido Meso 15 y 45D
41161391 RICO SABOGAL PAULA LISBETH X-Rays squad Andisol + Biosólido Micro 5 y 15D
41161395 VENEGAS AVILAN MARIA ALEJANDRA X-Rays squad Andisol + Biosólido Micro 45D y Oxisol + Biosólido Macro 5D
 AMA29 PREVENCION Y CONTROL DE LA CONTAMINACION DEL SUELO G03
CODIGO NOMBRE GRUPO ASIGNACIÓN
41161019 GARCIA SANCHEZ JULIANA ANDREA SuperpodeRocas Oxisol + Biosólido Macro 15 y 45D
41161073 GONZALEZ RODRIGUEZ VALENTINA SuperpodeRocas Oxisol + Biosólido Meso 5 y 15D
41161216 GOMEZ ROJAS LAURA FERNANDA SuperpodeRocas Oxisol + Biosólido Meso 45D y Oxisol + Biosólido Micro 5D
41161067 GUEVARA MACHADO JULIETH STEFANY Cinco Oxisol + Biosólido Micro 15 y 45D
41161157 OCAMPO ROJAS LAIDY CATHERIN Cinco Inceptisol + Biosólido Macro 5 y 15D
41161414 MONROY VILLAMIL KAREN LORENA Cinco Inceptisol + Biosólido Macro 45D y Inceptisol + Biosólido Meso 5D
41151268 QUINTERO MENDOZA BRAYAN STEVEN Cinco Inceptisol + Biosólido Meso 15 y 45D
41161097 MORENO GRANADOS JULIANA ANDREA Los 4 FAOtasticos Inceptisol + Biosólido Micro 5 y 15D
41161119 CARDENAS GAITAN MIGUEL ANGEL Los 4 FAOtasticos Inceptisol + Biosólido Micro 45D y Andisol Testigo Macro 5D
41161334 ORJUELA FUENTES OMAR STEVEN Los 4 FAOtasticos Andisol Testigo Macro 15 y 45D
41161035 SURET LEGUIZAMON SEAN SEBASTIAN Los 4 FAOtasticos Andisol Testigo Meso 5 y 15D
41161057 SANCHEZ MUNAR MAUREEN CAMILA Los Montmorillonitas Andisol Testigo Meso 45D y Oxisol Testigo Macro 5D
41161149 GARCIA MENDEZ ANGELICA Los Montmorillonitas Oxisol Testigo Macro 15 y 45D
41161304 PEÑUELA SIERRA PAULA CAMILA Los Montmorillonitas Oxisol Testigo Meso 5 y 15D
41161179 MORENO BARRAGAN ELISA JUDITH Limositas Oxisol Testigo Meso 45D y Oxisol Testigo Micro 5D
41161214 PINZON RODRIGUEZ LISSETH DAYANNA Limositas Oxisol Testigo Micro 15 y 45D
41161396 DIAZ BERNAL MARIA NANCY Limositas Inceptisol Testigo Macro 5 y 15D
41161666 SEGURA TIQUE DARLY KATHERINE Limositas Inceptisol Testigo Macro 45D y Inceptisol Testigo Meso 5D