ST Design

Shankibhanga Khal Subproject, Upazila : Ghatail , District : Tangail
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BARREL

Shankibhanga Khal WRS (5v-1.50 x 1.80 ) at Ch.0+030 km (Khal)
2.1 REQUIRED INPUT DATA
Embankment Crest Level --> 5.60 m

Top Slab Level --> 5.60 m
Live Vehicle Loading(H10 or H20) -> H20
Unit Weight of Steel --> 77.00 KN/m³

Unit Weight of Concrete --> 23.60 KN/m³
Unit Weight of Soil --> 19.60 KN/m³
Unit Weight of Water --> 9.81 KN/m³
Angle of Internal Friction (ø) --> 25 °

Coeff. of Active Earth Pressure (Ca) = (1-sinø) = 0.58
Top Slab Thickness --> 350 mm

Bottom Slab Thickness --> 900 mm
Abutment Top Thickness --> 350 mm
Abutment Bottom Thickness-> 600 mm
Pier Thickness --> 450 mm
No. of Vents --> 5

Inside Height of Barrel --> 4.25 m
Inside Width of Barrel --> 1.50 m
Length of Barrel --> 4.45 m
Barrel Extension Length --> 1.35 m
-*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BARREL
Ultimate Flexural Strength of Steel (fy) --> 2.76E+5 KN/m²

Ultimate Flexural Strength of Concrete(fc') 1.72E+4 KN/m²
Allowable Flexural Strength of Steel (fs) = 0.45 * fy = 1.24E+5 KN/m²

Allowable Flexural Strength of Concrete(fc) = 0.40 * fc' = 6.88E+3 KN/m²
Allowable Shear Stress of Concrete(v) = 2.89 * (fc')^0.5 = 3.79E+2 KN/m²
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) --> 1.96E+8 KN/m²

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) --> 1.98E+7 KN/m²
Coverage + 1/2 Dia.Reinforcement (c) --> 75 mm
-*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-
SCHEMATIC VIEW OF BARREL

5.60 m
| | ---*----- ----------------
350 mm \\\///\\\///\\\///
| |
5.60 m
----- - ------ ---------------- ---*----- ---------
350 mm | /
-/-- -- | - ---------------- ----- --------
| | | | |
| | | | |
4.25 m | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
-/-- -- | - ---------------- ----- ----------------
900 mm | /
----- - ------ ---------------- ---------------- --------
| | | |
600 mm 450 mm
| | | |
/ ---------------- ----/
| 1.50 m |
Extended Barrel Length = 2 Nos.Barrel Extension Length + Barrel Length

= 7.15 m
1
Width of Barrel = No.Vents * Width + No.Abutments * Width + No.Piers * Width
(at Bottom Slab) = 10.50 m
Length of Top Member Adjacent to Abutment = 1.90 m

(Member AC)
Length of Bottom Member Adjacent to Abutment= 2.03 m

(Member BD)
Length of Interior Top and Bottom Members = 1.95 m

(Member CE,EG,GI,DF,FH,&JL)
Length of Piers and Abutments = 4.88 m

Member AB,CD,EF,GH,&IJ)
2.2 DESIGN LOADS
LIVE LOAD
Live load is considered negligible when the depth of fill is greater than the
distance between abutments and is greater than 2.5 m.
WARNING: Analysis assumes D > 1 m (distributed load with overlap between wheels)
Depth of Fill(D) = 0.00 m
Distance between Abutments (L) = 9.30 m
D<L Live Load is Not Negligible. <-----
-*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-
Live Load = Load of Rear Wheels / Distributed Area
Load of Rear Wheels = No.Wheels * Load Distribution * Load
Load = 178 KN (H20 Live Vehicle Loading)
Load of Rear Wheels = 2 * 0.4 * 178 = 142.40 KN
Distributed Area = Length along Embankment * Length traverse to Embankment
Length along Embankment = 1.75 * Depth of Fill

= 0.00 m
Length traverse to Embankment = 1.75 * Depth of Fill + Wheel Spacing

= 0.00 + 1.80 = 1.80 m
OR
= Length of Barrel = 4.45 m
whichever value is less
Use 1.80 m <-----
Distributed Area = 1.00 * 1.80 = 1.80 m²
Live Load = 142.40 / 1.80 = 9.64 KN/m²

(2*.4*20t*9.807)/(4.45*4.15)
-*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-*- -*-
LOAD ON TOP SLAB
Earth Embk.Load = Height * Weight of Soil

= 0.00 * 19.60
= 0.00 KN/m²
Top Slab Load = Thickness * Weight of Concrete

= 0.35 * 23.60
= 8.26 KN/m²
Live Load = 9.64 KN/m²

---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -----
Total Load = 17.90 KN/m²
LOAD ON BOTTOM SLAB
Abutment Load = (No. * Height * Avg.Thickness * Weight of Concrete) / Barrel Width
= 2 * 4.25 * 0.48 * 23.60

---------------------------------------------------------
2
10.50
= 9.07 KN/m²
Pier Load = (No. * Height * Thickness * Weight of Concrete) / Barrel Width
= 4 * 4.25 * 0.45 * 23.60

---------------------------------------------------------
10.50
= 17.19 KN/m²
Load on Top Slab = 17.90 KN/m²

---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -----
Total Load = 44.17 KN/m²
LOAD ON ABUTMENTS
Top Slab C/l = Ca * (Height Soil + Height Soil Surcharge) * Weight of Soil
The Height of Soil Surcharge is the equivalent height of soil due to the Live Vehicle
Loading. For H20 Loading, the Height of Soil Surcharge is 0.90 m.
Top Slab C/l = 0.58 * 1.08 * 19.60 = 12.17 KN/m²
Bottom Slab C/l = Ca * (Height Soil + Height Soil Surcharge) * Weight of Soil
= 0.58 * 5.95 * 19.60 = 67.33 KN/m²
LOAD ON PIERS
The critical design condition for piers is during the maintenance period, when
one vent is full of water and the adjacent vent is empty.
Maximum Water Level = 0.00 m

(maintenance period)
Top Slab C/l = Height * Weight of Water

= -5.43 * 9.81 = -53.22 KN/m²
Bottom Slab C/l = Height * Weight of Water

= -0.55 * 9.81 = -5.40 KN/m²
SUMMARY OF LOADS
Load on Top Slab = 17.90 KN/m²

Load on Bottom Slab = 44.17 KN/m²
Load on Abutments
(Top of Member) = 12.17 KN/m²
(Bottom of Member) = 67.33 KN/m²
Load on Piers
(Top of Member) = -53.22 KN/m²
(Bottom of Member) = -5.40 KN/m²
2.3 DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
The Distribution Factor (Dis.Fct.) of each member is calculated by dividing the

member's Stiffness Factor (t³/l) by the summation of all Stiffness Factors at each
joint (Sum(t³/l)).
A sketch giving the barrel vent, joint and member designation is shown below. Only
half of the barrel is analyzed, the second half is assumed symmetric to the first.
BARREL VENTS, JOINTS AND MEMBERS
A C E G I K
*-------- *-------- *-------- *-------- *---- *
| | | | |
| | | | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
| | | | |
| | | | |
3
*-------- *-------- *-------- *-------- *---- *
B D F H J L
Joint Member Thick(t) Length(l) t³/l Sum(t³/l) Dis.Fct.

(m) (m)
A AB 0.35 4.88 0.009 0.031 0.280
AC 0.35 1.90 0.023 0.720
B BA 0.60 4.88 0.044 0.404 0.110
BD 0.90 2.03 0.360 0.890
C CA 0.35 1.90 0.023 0.063 0.357
CD 0.45 4.88 0.019 0.296
CE 0.35 1.95 0.022 0.348
D DB 0.90 2.03 0.360 0.753 0.478
DC 0.45 4.88 0.019 0.025
DF 0.90 1.95 0.374 0.497
E EC 0.35 1.95 0.022 0.063 0.351
EF 0.45 4.88 0.019 0.298
EG 0.35 1.95 0.022 0.351
F FD 0.90 1.95 0.374 0.766 0.488
FE 0.45 4.88 0.019 0.024
FH 0.90 1.95 0.374 0.488
G GE 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
GH 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
GI 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
H HF 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
HG 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
HJ 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
I IG 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
IJ 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
IK 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
J JH 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
JI 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
JL 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000
2.4 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
The Moment-distribution Method developed by Hardy Cross is used to determine the

moments at each joint in the barrel. A brief description of the Moment-distribution
Method is given below:
1. The end moments of each member are first approximated by considering the members
as fixed at both ends.
2. For equilibrium, the sum of the bending moments at each joint must be equal to
zero. The sum of the Fixed End Moments (FEM) calculated above are unlikely to
equal zero, so a balancing moment must be introduced at each joint.
3. The balancing moment at each joint is distributed amongst all the members
meeting at that joint in proportion to their relative stiffness. The relative
stiffness of each member is determined by its Distribution Factor (Dis.Fct.).
The Distributed Moment (DM) applied at the ends of each member is calculated by
multiplying the balancing moment by the member's Distribution Factor.
4. The effect of applying the Distributed Moment at one end of a member, is to produce
a moment of half the magnitude but the same sign at the other end of the member.
This moment at the remote end of the member, is called the Carry-over Moment (COM).
5. The Carry-over Moments produce further unbalanced moments at each joint, which
are then distributed. The carry-over procedure must then be repeated.
Successive operations (Trials) are continued until the unbalanced moments are
negligible. A Resultant Moment (RM) at each member is calculated after each
operation to document how fast the unbalanced moments converge to zero.
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
Joint Member Dis.Fct. FEM DM RM COM DM RM COM
A AB 0.280 67.80 -17.50 50.29 4.09 -1.16 53.22 0.47
AC 0.720 -5.38 -44.91 -50.29 0.05 -2.98 -53.22 4.00
B BA 0.110 -89.65 8.17 -81.48 -8.75 0.93 -89.30 -0.58
BD 0.890 15.09 66.39 81.48 0.26 7.56 89.30 -7.95
C CA 0.357 5.38 0.10 5.49 -22.45 8.01 -8.96 -1.49
CD 0.296 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.01 6.63 6.73 -0.41
CE 0.348 -5.67 0.10 -5.57 0.00 7.80 2.23 -0.01
D DB 0.478 -15.09 0.52 -14.57 33.19 -15.90 2.73 3.78
DC 0.025 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.04 -0.83 -0.76 3.32
DF 0.497 14.00 0.55 14.54 0.00 -16.51 -1.97 -0.07
E EC 0.351 5.67 0.00 5.67 0.05 -0.02 5.70 3.90
EF 0.298 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00
EG 0.351 -5.67 0.00 -5.67 0.00 -0.02 -5.69 0.01
F FD 0.488 -14.00 0.00 -14.00 0.27 -0.13 -13.86 -8.26
FE 0.024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01
FH 0.488 14.00 0.00 14.00 0.00 -0.13 13.86 0.07
G GE 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4
GH 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
GI 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
H HF 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
HG 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
HJ 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
I IG 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
IJ 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
IK 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
J JH 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
JI 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
JL 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.5 SHEAR AND MOMENT ANALYSIS
Once the loads and end moments have been determined, it is possible to calculate
the end reactions, the locations of zero shear (Loc/sz) and the maximum mid span
moments for each member in the barrel.
Clockwise rotation is considered positive, for both end and mid span moments.
The mid span moments are calculated at the location of zero shear and are the
summation of all moments taken from Joint(1) to the location of zero shear.
Joint End End Loc/zs(m) Mid Span

Moment(KNm) Reaction(KN) from Moment
(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) Joint(1) Max(KNm)
TOP SLAB
A C -52.67 -10.53 50.27 -16.26 2.81 17.91
C E 3.03 8.17 11.71 23.20 0.65 6.86
E G -6.76 6.76 17.45 17.45 0.98 1.75
G I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
I K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BOTTOM SLAB
B D 89.32 4.03 90.82 -1.38 2.06 -4.05
D F -6.55 -17.75 30.60 55.52 0.69 -17.15
F H 18.04 -18.04 43.06 43.06 0.98 -2.95
H J 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
J L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ABUTMENT
A B 52.67 -89.32 66.96 126.82 2.53 -47.26
PIER (water in right vent)

C D 7.50 2.52 -92.92 -49.95 8.66 136.55
E F -1.42 -0.29 -90.51 -52.36 8.74 148.56
G H 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
I J 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
PIER (water in left vent)

C D 7.50 2.52 -88.81 -54.06 8.79 -157.41
E F -1.42 -0.29 -91.22 -51.66 8.72 -145.28
G H 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
I J 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DESIGN MOMENTS
Once the moments and shears for all members have been calculated, the maximum values
are chosen for the design of member thickness and reinforcement.
TOP SLAB BOTTOM SLAB

Top Tension = 52.67 KNm Top Tension = 17.15 KNm
Bottom Tension = 17.91 KNm Bottom Tension = 89.32 KNm
ABUTMENTS PIERS
Exposed Face Tension = 47.26 KNm Exposed Face Tension = 157.41 KNm
Earth Face(Top) Tension = 52.67 KNm
Earth Face(Bottom) Tension= 89.32 KNm
DESIGN SHEARS
TOP SLAB = 50.27 KN BOTTOM SLAB = 90.82 KN
ABUTMENTS PIERS = 0.00 KN

(Top of Member) = 66.96 KN
(Bottom of Member) = 126.82 KN
5
3.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BARREL
3.1 INPUT DATA AND DESIGN COEFFICIENTS
Ultimate Flexural Strength of Steel (fy) --> 2.76E+5 KN/m²

Ultimate Flexural Strength of Concrete(fc') 1.72E+4 KN/m²
Allowable Flexural Strength of Steel (fs) = 0.45 * fy = 1.24E+5 KN/m²

Allowable Flexural Strength of Concrete(fc) = 0.40 * fc' = 6.88E+3 KN/m²
Allowable Shear Stress of Concrete(v) = 2.89 * (fc')^0.5 = 3.79E+2 KN/m²
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) --> 1.96E+8 KN/m²

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) --> 1.98E+7 KN/m²
Coverage + 1/2 Dia.Reinforcement (c) --> 75 mm
b = Unit Width of Member = 1.00 m

n = Modular Ratio = Es / Ec = 9.90
r = fs /fc = 18.05
k = n/(n + r) = 0.354
j = Lever Arm Coefficient = 1 - k/3 = 0.882
R = Resisting Moment Coefficient = fc*j*k/2 = 1.07E+3 KN/m²
3.2 TOP SLAB
MEMBER THICKNESS
tr = Required Member Thickness = dr + c
The effective depth of the member (dr) is calculated for both the moment and
shear conditions.
dr(Moment) = (M/(R*b))^0.5
M = Design Moment = 52.67 KNm
R = Resisting Moment Coef. = 1.07E+3 KN/m²
dr(Moment) = 221 mm
dr(Shear) = V/(v*b)
V = Design Shear = 50.27 KN
v = Allowable Shear Stress of Concrete = 3.79E+2 KN/m²
dr(Shear) = 133 mm
The effective depth values for moment and shear are compared and the
maximum is used for design.
dr(Moment) > dr(Shear) Use dr = 221 mm <-----
c = Coverage + 1/2 Dia.Reinforcement = 50 mm
tr = dr + c = 221 + 50 = 271 mm
ta = Actual Member Thickness Provided = 350 mm
ta > tr Design is OK. <-----
SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT
Ast = Required Area of Steel

= K1 * ta * b OR = K1 * 380 * b
(for ta <= 380 mm) (for ta > 380 mm)
The coefficient K1 depends on the Length of the Member and the Face (Exposed
or Earth Face) being designed. The recommended values for K1 are shown below:
Length of Exposed Earth Length of Barrel = 4.45 m

Member Face Face ta = Actual Thickness of Member = 350 mm
<= 9 m 0.0015 0.0010 b = Unit Width of Member = 1.00 m
> 9m 0.0020 0.0015
Ast(Exposed Face) = 0.0015 * 350 * 1000 = 525 mm²
6
Use 12 mm ø @ 200 mm c/c (Ast = 565 mm²) <-----
Ast(Earth Face) = 0.0010 * 350 * 1000 = 350 mm²
TOP REINFORCEMENT
M
Ast = Required Area of Steel = -----------
fs * j * da

fs = Allowable Flexural Strength of Steel = 1.24E+5 KN/m²
j = Lever Arm Coef. = 0.882
da = Actual Effective Depth of Section

= Actual Member Thickness - (Coverage + 1/2 Dia.Reinforcement)
= ta - c = 350 - 75 = 275 mm
52.67 * 1.00E+09
Ast = ---------------------------------------------- = 1749 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 275
CHECK SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT
Length of Member = Width of Barrel (at Top Slab) = 10.00 m > 9 m

ta = Actual thickness of Member = 350 mm < 380 mm
K1 (Earth Face) = 0.0015
Ast = 0.0015 * 350 * 1000 = 525 mm²
Ast(Moment) > Ast(Shrinkage) Use Ast = 1749 mm² <-----
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
M
fs * j * da
17.91 * 1.00E+09
= ---------------------------------------------- = 594 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 275
Length of Member = Width of Barrel (at Top Slab) = 10.00 m > 9 m

ta = Actual thickness of Member = 350 mm < 380 mm
K1 (Exposed Face) = 0.0020
Ast = 0.0020 * 350 * 1000 = 700 mm²
Ast(Moment) < Ast(Shrinkage) Use Ast = 700 mm² <-----
3.3 BOTTOM SLAB
MEMBER THICKNESS
shear conditions.
7
dr(Moment) = 288 mm
dr(Shear) = V/(v*b)
dr(Shear) = 240 mm
tr = dr + c = 288 + 75 = 363 mm

WARNING: Actual Member Thickness is considerably larger (>50%) than required.

= K1 * ta * b OR = K1 * 380 * b
(for ta <= 380 mm) (for ta > 380 mm)
Length of Exposed Earth Length of Extended Barrel = 7.15 m

> 9m 0.0020 0.0015
Ast(Earth Face) = 0.0010 * 380 * 1000 = 380 mm²
TOP REINFORCEMENT
M
fs * j * da


= ta - c = 900 - 75 = 825 mm
17.15 * 1.00E+09
Ast = ---------------------------------------------- = 190 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 825
Length of Member = Width of Barrel(at Bottom Slab) = 10.50 m > 9 m

ta = Actual thickness of Member = 900 mm > 380 mm
Ast = 0.0020 * 380 * 1000 = 760 mm²
Ast(Moment) < Ast(Shrinkage) Use Ast = 760 mm² <-----
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
8
M
fs * j * da
89.32 * 1.00E+09
= ---------------------------------------------- = 988 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 825
Length of Member = Width of Barrel(at Bottom Slab) = 10.50 m > 9 m

Ast = 0.0015 * 380 * 1000 = 570 mm²
3.4 ABUTMENTS
MEMBER THICKNESS
The thickness of the abutments often increases between the top and bottom of the
member, because the soil pressure increases with depth. To take into consideration
the variable abutment thickness, the member thickness is checked at both the
top and bottom.
THICKNESS AT TOP OF MEMBER
shear conditions.
dr(Moment) = 221 mm
dr(Shear) = V/(v*b)
dr(Shear) = 177 mm
tr = dr + c = 221 + 50 = 271 mm
THICKNESS AT BOTTOM OF MEMBER
shear conditions.
dr(Moment) = 288 mm
9
dr(Shear) = V/(v*b)
dr(Shear) = 335 mm
dr(Moment) < dr(Shear) Use dr = 335 mm <-----
tr = dr + c = 335 + 75 = 410 mm

= K1 * ta * b OR = K1 * 380 * b
(for ta <= 380 mm) (for ta > 380 mm)
Length of Exposed Earth Length of Extended Barrel = 7.15 m

> 9m 0.0020 0.0015
Ast(Earth Face) = 0.0010 * 380 * 1000 = 380 mm²
EXPOSED FACE REINFORCEMENT
M
fs * j * da

The actual Effective Depth of Section is calculated at the point of Zero Shear
(Max.Moment), because the thickness of the abutments often increases between
the top and bottom of the member.
ta(top) = Actual Member Thickness at Top of Member = 350 mm

ta(bottom) = Actual Member Thickness at Bottom of Member = 600 mm
l = Length of Member = 4.88 m
d(zs) = Distance to Zero Shear (from top of member) = 2.53 m
ta(zs) = Actual Member Thickness at point of Zero Shear

= ta(top) + [ta(bottom)-ta(top)] / l * d(zs)
= 480 mm

= ta(zs) - c = 480 - 75 = 405 mm
47.26 * 1.00E+09
Ast = ---------------------------------------------- = 1066 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 405
Length of Member = Height of Barrel(plus Top & Bottom Slab) = 5.50 m < 9 m
10
Ast = 0.0015 * 380 * 1000 = 570 mm²
EARTH FACE REINFORCEMENT
The Steel Requirement is calculated at both the top and bottom of the member,
because the thickness of the abutments often increases between the top and bottom.
M
fs * j * da
M(top) = Design Moment(top) = 52.67 KNm

da(top) = ta(top) - c = 350 - 75 = 275 mm
52.67 * 1.00E+09
Ast(top) = ---------------------------------------------- = 1749 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 275
M(bottom) = Design Moment(bottom) = 89.32 KNm

da(bottom) = ta(bottom) - c = 600 - 75 = 525 mm
89.32 * 1.00E+09
Ast(bottom) = ---------------------------------------------- = 1553 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 525
The Steel Requirement at the top and bottom of the member are compared and the
maximum value is taken for design purposes.
Ast(top) > Ast(bottom) Use Ast = 1749 mm²
Ast = 0.0010 * 380 * 1000 = 380 mm²
3.5 PIERS
MEMBER THICKNESS
shear conditions.
dr(Moment) = 383 mm
dr(Shear) = V/(v*b)
dr(Shear) = 0 mm

11
tr = dr + c = 383 + 75 = 458 mm
ta < tr Design is Not OK. <-----

= K1 * ta * b OR = K1 * 380 * b
(for ta <= 380 mm) (for ta > 380 mm)
Length of Exposed Length of Extended Barrel = 7.15 m

Member Face ta = Actual Thickness of Member = 450 mm
<= 9 m 0.0015 b = Unit Width of Member = 1.00 m
> 9m 0.0020
EXPOSED FACE REINFORCEMENT

M
fs * j * da


= ta - c = 450 - 75 = 375 mm
157.41 * 1.00E+09
Ast = ---------------------------------------------- = 3832 mm²
1.24E+5 * 0.882 * 375
Ast = 0.0015 * 380 * 1000 = 570 mm²
3.6 QUANTITY AND COST OF MATERIALS
CONCRETE
Unit Cost of Concrete = 0.00 Tk/m³
Member No. Thick Length Wid/Hgt Volume Cost

(mm) (m) (m) (m³) (Tk)
Top Slab 1 350 4.45 10.00 15.58 0

Bott.Slab 1 900 4.45 10.50 42.05 0
Abutments 2 475 4.45 4.25 17.97 0
Piers 4 450 4.45 4.25 34.04 0
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total 109.64 0
12
M.S.ROD
Unit Cost of Steel = 0.00 Tk/Kg
Member No. Length Wid/Hgt MAIN REINFOR. SHRINK.REINFOR. Weight Cost

(m) (m) Top/Exp Bot/Ear Exposed Earth (Kg) (Tk)
(mm²) (mm²) (mm²) (mm²)
Top Slab 1 4.45 10.00 1890 1890 565 565 1715 0

Bott.Slab 1 4.45 10.50 754 1890 565 377 1315 0
Abutments 2 4.45 5.50 1890 1890 565 377 1815 0
Piers 4 4.45 5.50 754 754 2318 0
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total 7163 0
MATERIAL COST
Cost of Concrete and Steel = Tk 0 <------
13
Name of Subproject : Gomara Beel
Name of Regulator : Gomara khal Reg.
No. of Vent : Two vent
Size of Regulator : 1.50 m x 1.80 m
Design of Wingwall & Apron of Regulator
Design Parameters :
fc' = 17.20 N/mm2 = 2500 psi fc = 7.74 N/mm2 gconc = 23.60 Kn/m3
fy = 276 N/mm2 = 40000 psi fy = 124.20 N/mm2 gs(moist) = 17.40 Kn/m3
j = 25 º Ka = 0.41 gs(Sat) = 18.90 Kn/m3
R= 1.23 gs(Sub) = 9.09 Kn/m3
gw(Water)= 9.81 Kn/m3
Section C-C/G-G Section D-D/H-H Section E-E/I-I
t1 t2 t3 h L t1 t2 t3 h L t1 t2 t3 h L
R/S 250 800 800 5400 4575 250 728 800 4925 6290 250 450 450 2900 7750 End Sec
C/S 250 800 800 5250 4269 250 719 800 4925 5971 250 450 450 2900 7000
Design of Wingwall t1 t1
h-1000
P1
GWL h
1000 P2
P3
t3 Pc Pb Pa t3
t2 L t2
Calculation of horizontal Pressures

Pa Pb Pc Pa Pb Pc Pa Pb Pc
R/S 31.39 3.73 9.80 28.00 3.73 9.80 13.55 3.73 9.80
C/S 30.32 3.73 9.80 28.00 3.73 9.80 13.55 3.73 9.80
Calculation of horizontal forces & moments

Wt Lever Moments Wt Lever Moments Wt Lever Moments
(Kn) Arm (kn-m) (Kn) Arm (kn-m) (Kn) Arm
(m) (m) (m) (kn-m)
P1 = 69.06 2.47 170.34 P1 = 54.95 2.31 126.85 P1 = 12.88 1.63 21.03
R/S P2 = 31.39 0.50 15.69 P2 = 28.00 0.50 14.00 P2 = 13.55 0.50 6.78
P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25 P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25 P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25
Sum 107.21 Kn 188.29 Kn-m Sum 89.72 Kn 143.10 Kn-m Sum 33.19 Kn 30.06 Kn-m
P1 = 64.43 2.42 155.70 P1 = 54.95 2.31 126.85 P1 = 12.88 1.63 21.03

C/S P2 = 30.32 0.50 15.16 P2 = 28.00 0.50 14.00 P2 = 13.55 0.50 6.78
P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25 P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25 P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25
Sum 101.51 Kn 173.12 Kn-m Sum 89.72 Kn 143.10 Kn-m Sum 33.19 Kn 30.06 Kn-m
Checking of depth Required steel area (mm²)

dreq davail Earth face Exposed face
Sec. (mm) (mm) Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage
E-E D-D C-C
392 715 OK 2409 mm² 760 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
R/S 342 643 OK 2036 mm² 760 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
157 365 OK 754 mm² 760 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
I - I H-H G-G
376 715 OK 2215 mm² 760 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
C/S 342 634 OK 2065 mm² 760 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
157 365 OK 754 mm² 760 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
Design of Apron t1 t1
h-1000
P1
GWL h
1000 + t3/2 P2
P3
t3
t3/2 Pc Pb Pa
t2 L t2
Calculation of horizontal Pressures

Pa Pb Pc Pa Pb Pc Pa Pb Pc
R/S 31.39 5.22 13.72 28.00 5.08 13.37 13.55 4.57 12.01
C/S 30.32 5.22 13.72 28.00 5.07 13.32 13.55 4.57 12.01

Wt Lever Moments Wt Lever Moments Wt Lever Moments
(Kn) Arm (kn-m) (Kn) Arm (kn-m) (Kn) Arm
(m) (m) (m) (kn-m)
P1 = 69.06 2.87 197.96 P1 = 54.95 2.71 148.83 P1 = 12.88 1.86 23.93
R/S P2 = 43.95 0.70 30.76 P2 = 39.20 0.70 27.44 P2 = 16.60 0.61 10.17
P3 = 13.26 0.47 6.19 P3 = 12.92 0.47 6.03 P3 = 10.15 0.41 4.14
Total 126.26 Kn Mend = 234.91 Kn-m Total 107.07 Kn Mend = 182.30 Kn-m Total 39.63 Kn Mend = 38.24 Kn-m
P1 = 64.43 2.82 181.47 P1 = 54.95 2.71 148.83 P1 = 12.88 1.86 23.93

C/S P2 = 42.45 0.70 29.71 P2 = 39.20 0.70 27.44 P2 = 16.60 0.61 10.17
P3 = 13.26 0.47 6.19 P3 = 12.87 0.47 6.01 P3 = 10.15 0.41 4.14
Total 120.13 Kn Mend = 217.37 Kn-m Total 107.03 Kn Mend = 182.28 Kn-m Total 39.63 Kn Mend = 38.24 Kn-m

Concrete Soil W kn w kn Concrete Soil W kn w kn Concrete Soil W kn w kn
R/S 66.91 28.07 94.97 35.34 56.84 22.25 79.08 22.54 23.95 5.48 29.44 7.18
C/S 65.048 27.29 92.33 36.43 56.31 21.83 78.14 23.36 23.95 5.48 29.44 7.90
Mwing = Critical bottom tension moment at exposed face wingwall

= Mend - Wx + wx²
Where, x = Distance from wingwall centroid to wingwall exposed face
Mmid = Mend - W(L/2 + x) + w{(L + t2)/2}²/2

Mwing X Mmid Mc (Kn-m) Mwing X Mmid Mc (Kn-m) Mwing X Mmid Mc (Kn-m)
Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m (Water face) Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m (Water face) Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m (Water face)
R/S 190.13 0.522 95.68 -89.90 Kn-m 148.27 0.460 35.92 -99.72 Kn-m 31.34 0.24 -22.59 -49.11 Kn-m
Cur ht 1.3981 Use 1.4m 1.2567 Use 1.3m 0.7925 Use 1.0m
C/S 174.12 0.522 89.08 -82.43 Kn-m 149.29 0.453 44.29 -94.18 Kn-m 31.36 0.24 -17.07 -44.61 Kn-m
Cur ht 1.3693 Use 1.4m 1.2479 Use 1.3m 0.792 Use.1.0m
Checking of depth Required steel area (mm²) Calculated Remarks

dreq davail Earth face Exposed face distance 'd'
Sec. (mm) (mm) Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage Curtailment
E-E D-D C-C
394 715 OK 2433 mm² 760 mm² 1150 mm² 570 mm² - m Should not made
R/S 348 715 OK 1897 mm² 760 mm² 1276 mm² 570 mm² 1.80 m Should be made
160 365 OK 786 mm² 760 mm² 1231 mm² 570 mm² 0.85 m Should be made
I - I H-H G-G
377 715 OK 2228 mm² 760 mm² 1055 mm² 570 mm² - mm Should not made
C/S 349 715 OK 1910 mm² 760 mm² 1205 mm² 570 mm² 1.86 mm Should be made
160 365 OK 786 mm² 760 mm² 1118 mm² 570 mm² 0.86 mm Should be made
Summary of Reinforcement details
Earth face Exposed face

Sec. Main Shrinkage (S1 /S2) Main Shrinkage (S3 /S4)
E-E D-D C-C E-E D-D C-C
22 Ø @ 158 12 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 198

Wing
19 Ø @ 139 12 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 198
R/S 16 Ø @ 267 12 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 198
22 Ø @ 156 12 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 175 12 Ø @ 198

Apron
19 Ø @ 149 12 Ø @ 149 16 Ø @ 158 12 Ø @ 198
16 Ø @ 256 12 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 163 12 Ø @ 198

I - I H-H G-G I - I H-H G-G
22 Ø @ 172 12 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 198

Wing
19 Ø @ 137 12 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 198
C/S 16 Ø @ 267 12 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 198
22 Ø @ 171 12 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 191 12 Ø @ 198

Apron
19 Ø @ 148 12 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 167 12 Ø @ 198
16 Ø @ 256 12 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 180 12 Ø @ 198

t1 t1
S1
E1
S3
W1 h
S2
W2
E2 S4
t3
t2 L t2
Reinforcement of wingwall & Apron
Recommended reinforcement details
Earth face Exposed/Earth face

Main Recommd. (E1 + E2) Main Recommd. (W1 + W2)
E-E D-D C-C E-E D-D C-C
22 Ø @ 158 22 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200

Wing
19 Ø @ 139 19 Ø @ 140 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
R/S 16 Ø @ 267 16 Ø @ 150 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
22 Ø @ 156 22 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 175 16 Ø @ 170

Apron
19 Ø @ 149 19 Ø @ 140 16 Ø @ 158 16 Ø @ 160
16 Ø @ 256 16 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 163 16 Ø @ 160

I - I H-H G-G
22 Ø @ 172 22 Ø @ 170 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200

Wing
19 Ø @ 137 19 Ø @ 140 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
C/S 16 Ø @ 267 16 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200

G-G
22 Ø @ 171 22 Ø @ 170 16 Ø @ 191 16 Ø @ 180

Apron
I - I H-H
19 Ø @ 148 19 Ø @ 140 16 Ø @ 167 16 Ø @ 170
16 Ø @ 256 16 Ø @ 200 16 Ø @ 180 16 Ø @ 170

Design of Return wall of Regulator
Design Parameters :
fc' = 17.20 N/mm2 = 2500 psi fc = 7.74 N/mm2 g conc = 23.60 Kn/m3
fy = 276 N/mm2 = 40000 psi fs = 124.20 N/mm2 gs(moist) = 17.40 Kn/m3
j = 25 º Ka = 0.41 gs(Sat) = 18.90 Kn/m3
C= 0 KPa R= 1.23 gs(Sub) = 9.09 Kn/m3
gw(Water)= 9.81 Kn/m3
Section F-F/J-J Base
t1 t2 t3 h B1 B2 Width
R/S 250 450 450 2900 1350 900 2700
C/S 250 450 450 2900 1350 900 2700
Stability Analysis
t1
S3
h-1000 S1
S2
P1 W1
GWL h
S5
S4 W2
B2
1000+ t3 P2
P3 W3 t3
Pc Pb Pa B1 t2
Calculation of horizontal Pressures at the boottom of Toe
Section F-F/J-J
Pa Pb Pc
R/S 13.55 5.40 14.21
C/S 13.55 5.40 14.21
Section F-F/J-J
Wt Lever Moments
(Kn) Arm (kn-m)
(m)
P1 = 12.88 2.08 26.83
R/S P2 = 19.65 0.73 14.25
P3 = 14.22 0.48 6.87
Sum 46.75 Kn 47.95 Kn-m
P1 = 12.88 2.08 26.83

C/S P2 = 19.65 0.73 14.25
P3 = 14.22 0.48 6.87
Sum 46.75 Kn 47.95 Kn-m
For sliding stability, required width of the Base, B = 1821 mm for R/S Used, 2700 m
1774 mm for C/S Used, 2700 m
Percentage of Base width corresponding to Stem height = 54.4% for R/S Used, 80.6%
52.9% for C/S Used, 80.6%
Return Wall Stabilizing forces

Wt Lever Moments
Sec. (Kn) Arm (Kn-m)
(m)
W1 = 17.11 1.025 17.54
W2 = 6.84 1.217 8.33
W3 = 28.67 1.35 38.71
S1 = 44.63 2.025 90.38
R/S F-F S2 = 2.28 1.316 3.00
S3 = 2.17 2.108 4.57
S4 = 12.27 2.025 24.85
S5 = 0.31 1.327 0.42
114.29 Kn 187.78 Kn-m
W1 = 17.11 1.025 17.54

W2 = 6.84 1.217 8.33
W3 = 28.67 1.35 38.71
S1 = 44.63 2.025 90.38
C/S J-J S2 = 2.28 1.316 3.00
S3 = 2.17 2.108 4.57
S4 = 12.27 2.025 24.85
S5 = 0.31 1.327 0.42
114.29 Kn 187.78 Kn-m
Facor of Safety against

Overtuning Sliding
R/S 3.92 >1.5 OK 1.14 <1.5 Not OK
C/S 3.92 >1.5 OK 1.14 <1.5 Not OK
Ecentricity Foudation Pressure

e Check P1 P4 P1 / P4
R/S 0.1265 m < L/6 = 0.45 OK 54.23 Kn/m2 30.43 Kn/m2 1.78
C/S 0.127 m < L/6 = 0.45 OK 54.23 Kn/m2 30.43 Kn/m2 1.78
Design of Stem t1
h-1000
P1
GWL h
1000 P2
P3 B2
t3 Pc Pb Pa t3
B1 t2
Calculation of horizontal Pressures at the base of Stem
Section F-F/J-J
Pa Pb Pc
R/S 13.55 3.73 9.80
C/S 13.55 3.73 9.80
Section F-F/J-J
Wt Lever Moments
(Kn) Arm (kn-m)
(m)
P1 = 12.88 1.63 21.03
R/S P2 = 13.55 0.50 6.78 Shear Stress Check N/mm2
P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25 vcal vall
Sum 33.19 Kn 30.06 Kn-m 0.09 0.38 O.K
M/2 15.032 Curt. Ht 0.86 Used
P1 = 12.88 1.63 21.03 1.00 m
C/S P2 = 13.55 0.50 6.78
P3 = 6.76 0.33 2.25
Sum 33.19 Kn 30.06 Kn-m
M/2 15.032 Curt. Ht 0.86 1.00 m
dreq davail Earth face Exposed face
Sec. (mm) (mm) Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage
R/S F-F 157 365 OK 754 mm² 380 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
C/S J-J 157 365 OK 754 mm² 380 mm² 570 mm² 570 mm²
Design of Heel & Toe

t1
t3
B1 t2 B2
P4
P3
P2 P1
Calculation of Foundation Pressures
P1 P2 P3 P4
R/S 54.23 Kn/m2 15.866 Kn/m2 11.90 Kn/m2 30.43 Kn/m2
C/S 54.23 Kn/m2 15.866 Kn/m2 11.90 Kn/m2 30.43 Kn/m2
Design of Heel Design of Toe

Moment at Earth face of Stem Moment at Exposed face of Stem
R/S -46.45 Kn-m Top tension 12.48 Kn-m Bottom tension
C/S -46.45 Kn-m Top tension 12.48 Kn-m Bottom tension

dreq davail Top face Bottom face
Section (mm) (mm) Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage
R/S F-F Heel 195 365 OK 1164 mm² 570 mm² 313 mm² 570 mm²
Toe 101 365 OK 1164 mm² 570 mm² 313 mm² 570 mm²
C/S J-J Heel 195 365 OK 1164 mm² 570 mm² 313 mm² 570 mm²
Toe 101 365 OK 1164 mm² 570 mm² 313 mm² 570 mm²
Summary of Reinforcement Details

Section Main Shrinkage (E2) Main Shrinkage (W2)
Stem 16 Ø @ 267 12 Ø @ 300 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
Top face Bottom face
R/S F-F Main Shrinkage (T2 / B2) Main Shrinkage (T2 / B2)
Heel 16 Ø @ 173 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
Toe 16 Ø @ 173 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
Stem 16 Ø @ 267 12 Ø @ 300 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200

C/S J-J Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage
Heel 16 Ø @ 173 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
Toe 16 Ø @ 173 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
E1
W1
E2
W2
T2
T1
B1 12 Ø @ 300
B2
Reinforcement of Return Wall
Earth face/Top Face Exposed face/Bottom face

Section Main Recommd. (E1 + T1) Main Recommd. (W1 + B1)
Stem 16 Ø @ 267 16 Ø @ 250 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 150
R/S F-F Heel 16 Ø @ 173 16 Ø @ 160 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
Toe 16 Ø @ 173 16 Ø @ 160 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 150
Stem 16 Ø @ 267 16 Ø @ 250 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 150

C/S J-J Heel 16 Ø @ 173 16 Ø @ 160 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 200
Toe 16 Ø @ 173 16 Ø @ 160 12 Ø @ 200 12 Ø @ 150
Design of Barrel Part of Regulator
Design Parameters :
fc' = 17.20 N/mm2 = 2500 psi fc = 7.74 N/mm2 g conc = 23.60 Kn/m3
j= 25 º Ko = 0.58 gs(Sat) = 18.90 Kn/m3
R = 1.23 gs(Sub) = 9.09 Kn/m3
Required Input Data gs(Water )= 9.81 Kn/m3
t1 t2 t3 h L Surcharge Live Load
350 750 750 5850 1200 300 mm H 10
t1 L t1
t1
h
GWL
1000
t3
t2 L t2
1550 475
a
A C
5025
6400
b GWL
1375
B D
1950 pa pb pc pw
pa + pb pcm pw + pc - pcm
Centre Line
Wheel load is distributed over a width, E = 4 + 0.06S,

Where S is the effective span of the Slab if ft.
E= 4.31 ft
= 1.31 m
Load on Rear Wheel = 39.24 Kn
Load Per meter = 38.87 Kn/m (30% Impact included)
Load Calculations
Consider 1 meter strip along the width
Load on top Slab :

Top Slab = 8.26 Kn/m
Live load = 38.87 Kn/m
Load on Bottom Slab :

Abutment Load = 56.25 Kn/m
Load from Top Slab = 20.21 Kn/m
Abutment Side soil = 45.59 Kn/m
Total = 122.04 Kn/m
Calculation of Horizontal Pressures
pa = 4.79 Kn/m2
pb = 50.71 Kn/m2
pc = 7.25 Kn/m2
pw = 13.49 Kn/m2
pcm = 13.88 Kn/m2
pa + pb + pcm = 69.38 Kn/m2
pc + pw - pcm = 6.86 Kn/m2 38.87 Kn
8.26 Kn/m
4.79 A C 4.79 Kn/m
GWL
1.375 m
B D
6.86 69.38 69.38 6.86 Kn/m
122.04 Kn/m
Stiffness, distribution factor, FEM
Joint MemberThick (t) Length t3/L Sum Dist. FEM

in m. in m. Factor Kn-m
A AB 0.35 6.400 0.0067 0.0344 0.195 105.843
AC 0.35 1.550 0.0277 0.805 -9.184
B BA 0.75 6.400 0.0659 0.2823 0.234 ###

BD 0.75 1.950 0.2163 0.766 38.672
C CA 0.35 1.550 0.0277 0.0344 0.805 9.184

CD 0.35 6.400 0.0067 0.195 -105.84
D DC 0.75 6.400 0.0659 0.2823 0.234 159.696

DB 0.75 1.950 0.2163 0.766 -38.672
6.86 Kn-m
Member AB, CD
69.38 Kn-m
4.79 Kn-m 64.59 Kn-m
C D
92.18 126.50 KN-m
6.400 m
RC = 79.21 Kn RD = 162.87 Kn
Let Shear force is zero at distance x from C,
X = 3.515 m
Maxm. Moment = 83.58 Kn-m (Water face in tension)
38.87 Kn
Member AC 8.26 Kn-m
A C
92.18 92.18 KN-m
1.55 m
RA = 25.83 Kn RC = 25.83 Kn
Maxm. Moment =-74.64 Kn-m (Water face in tension)
Member BD 122.04 Kn-m
B D
126.50 126.50 KN-m
1.95 m
RC = ### Kn RD = 118.99 Kn
Maxm. Moment =-68.49 Kn-m (Water face in tension)
Final Bending Moment
92.18 KN-m 92.18 KN-m
92.18 A C 92.18 KN-m

74.64 KN-m
83.58 KN-m 83.58

B 68.49 KN-m D
126.50 126.50 KN-m
126.50 KN-m 126.50 KN-m

Component dreq davail Earth face/Top face Exposed face/Bottom face
(mm) (mm) Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage
Top Slab 274 265 Not OK 3183 mm² 380 mm² 2577 mm² 570 mm²
Bottom Slab 321 665 OK 942 mm² 570 mm² 1740 mm² 380 mm²
Abutments (bot) 321 665 OK 1740 mm² 380 mm² 1150 mm² 570 mm²
Abutments (mid 261 265 OK 2885 mm² 380 mm² 2885 mm² 570 mm²
Required MS Bars
Component Main Shrinkage (S1 / B2) Main Shrinkage (B1 / S2)
Top Slab 22 Ø @ 119 12 Ø @ 300 16 Ø @ 80 12 Ø @ 200
Bottom Slab 12 Ø @ 122 12 Ø @ 200 22 Ø @ 220 12 Ø @ 300
Main Shrinkage (S3) Main Shrinkage (B3)
Abutments 22 Ø @ 218 12 Ø @ 300 22 Ø @ 132 12 Ø @ 200
E1
S1
t1 t1
t1
E1
B1 S3
W1
B3
W3 h
S2
W2
B2
E3
t3
E2
t2 L t2

Component Main Recommended (E1 / W2) Main Recommended (W1 / E2)
Top Slab 22 Ø @ 119 22 Ø @ 130 16 Ø @ 80 16 Ø @ 150
Bottom Slab 12 Ø @ 122 12 Ø @ 150 19 Ø @ 220 22 Ø @ 130
Main Recommended (E3) Main Recommended (W3)
Abutments 22 Ø @ 218 22 Ø @ 130 19 Ø @ 132 22 Ø @ 130
### 92.181
### 11.525
11.216 -11.216
### 22.432
21.349 -21.349
### 42.697
38.907 -38.907
### 77.813
-9.184 9.184
0.805 0.805
0.195
-105.843
18.845
-14.132
10.341
-6.516
5.433
-3.101
2.791
-92.181
A C
105.843
-10.341
-18.845
92.181
14.132
-2.791
-5.433
3.101
6.516
0.195
-126.498
-159.696
159.696
126.498
-28.263
-13.032
13.032
28.263
-6.202
-3.011
-2.716
-5.170
-9.423
0.234
9.423
5.170
2.716
3.011
6.202
0.234
B D
0.766 0.766
38.672 -38.672
92.761 -92.761
### 46.381
42.771 -42.771
### 21.386
### ###
### 10.177
9.882 -9.882
### ###
Design of Barrel Part of Regulator Note : One truck on top slab
Design Parameters :
fc' = 25 N/mm2 = 2500 psi fc = 11.25 N/mm2 g conc = 23.60 Kn/m3
j= 25 º Ko = 0.58 gs(Sat) = 18.90 Kn/m3
R= 1.78 gs(Water )= 9.81 Kn/m3 gs(Sub) = 9.09 Kn/m3
Required Input Data
Clear height of box (h) = 3600 mm Embankment Crest Level = 12 m,PWD

Clear width of box (L) = 3125 mm Invert Level of Box = 8.1 m,PWD
Top slab thickness (t1) = 300 mm Groundwater depth = 2400 mm
Bottom slab thickness (t3) = 350 mm Box top level = 12.00 m,PWD
Side wall thickness top(t1) = 300 mm Depth of earthfill = 0.00 m
Side wall thickness bottom(t2) = 300 mm Total top width = 7.20 m
Middle wall thickness(tm) = 350 mm Total bottom width = 7.20 m
Live Load = H 20
t1 L tm L t1
t1
h
GWL
2400
t3
t2 L tm L t2
3450 3450 a 150

A B C
1350
3925 b GWL
2575
F E D
3450 3450 pa pb pc pw
Centre Line pa+pb pw + pc - pcm
Wheel load is distributed over a width, E = 4 + 0.06S,
Where S is the effective span of the Slab if ft.

E= 4.67 ft
= 1.43 m
Load on Rear Wheel = 78.48 Kn

Load Per meter = 71.60 Kn/m (30% Impact included)
Pressure area = m2
Pressure on to slab = Kn/m2
Load Calculations Consider 1 meter strip along the width
Load on top Slab :
Top Slab = 7.08 Kn/m
Top soil load = 0 Kn/m
Live load = 71.60 Kn/m (concentrated load)
Total load = 7.08 Kn/m
Load on Bottom Slab :
Abutment Load = 7.08 Kn/m
Middle wall Load = 4.13 Kn/m
Load from Top Slab = 26.97 Kn/m
Abutment Side soil = 0.00 Kn/m
Total = 38.18 Kn/m
Calculation of Horizontal Pressures
pa = 1.51 Kn/m2
pb = 13.62 Kn/m2
pc = 13.58 Kn/m2
pw = 25.26 Kn/m2
pcm = 25.99 Kn/m2
pa + pb + pcm = 41.12 Kn/m2
pc + pw - pcm = 12.85 Kn/m2 71.60 Kn
7.08 Kn/m
1.51 A B C 1.51 Kn/m
k 0.6561
GWL
2.58 m
F E D
12.85 Kn/m 41.12 41.12 Kn/m 12.85 Kn/m
38.18 Kn/m
Stiffness, distribution factor, FEM
Joint Member Thick (t) Length t3/L Sum Dist. FEM Joint Member Thick (t) Length t3/L Sum Dist. FEM
in m. in m. Factor Kn-m in m. in m. Factor Kn-m
A AB 0.30 3.450 0.00783 0.0147 0.532 37.90 D DC 0.30 3.925 0.00688 0.0193 0.356 -39.17
AF 0.30 3.925 0.0069 0.468 -26.59 DE 0.35 3.450 0.01243 0.644 37.87
B BA 0.30 3.450 0.00783 0.0266 0.294 -37.90 E ED 0.35 3.450 0.01243 0.0358 0.347 -37.87
BC 0.30 3.450 0.00783 0.294 7.02 EF 0.35 3.450 0.01243 0.347 37.87
BE 0.35 3.925 0.0109 0.411 0.00 EB 0.35 3.925 0.01092 0.305 0.00
C CB 0.30 3.450 0.00783 0.0147 0.532 -7.02 F FE 0.35 3.450 0.01243 0.0193 0.644 -37.87
CD 0.30 3.925 0.0069 0.468 26.59 FA 0.30 3.925 0.00688 0.356 39.17
12.85 Kn/m
Member AF, CD
41.12 Kn/m
1.51 Kn/m 39.61 Kn/m
C D
15.26 42.05 KN-m
3.925 m
RC = 25.67 Kn RD = 74.55 Kn
Let Shear force is zero at distance x from C,
X = 2.1107 m
71.60 Kn
Member AB 7.08 Kn/m
A B
34.54 29.43 KN-m
3.450 m
RA = 49.49 Kn RB = 46.53 Kn
Member FE 38.18 Kn/m
F E
36.63 35.16 KN-m
3.450 m
RF = 66.28 Kn RE = 65.43 Kn

Component dreq davail Earth face/Top face Exposed face/Bottom face
(mm) (mm) Main Shrinkage Main Shrinkage
Top Slab 139 265 OK 793 mm² 570 mm² 925 mm² 760 mm²
Bottom Slab 143 265 OK 570 mm² 570 mm² 841 mm² 760 mm²
Abutments (bot) 154 215 OK 1190 mm² 570 mm² 1190 mm² 760 mm²
Abutments (mid) 105 215 OK 559 mm² 570 mm² 559 mm² 760 mm²
Required MS Bars
Component Main Shrinkage (S1 / B2) Main Shrinkage (B1 / S2)
Top Slab 16 Ø @ 254 12 Ø @ 200 16 Ø @ 219 12 Ø @ 151
Bottom Slab 16 Ø @ 355 12 Ø @ 200 16 Ø @ 241 12 Ø @ 151
Main Shrinkage (S3) Main Shrinkage (B3)
Abutments 16 Ø @ 169 12 Ø @ 200 16 Ø @ 360 12 Ø @ 151
Middle Wall steel required = 760 mm²

Spacing 16 mm dia @ 266 mm c/c

Component Main Recommended (E1 / W2) Main Recommended (W1 / E2)
Top Slab 16 Ø @ 254 16 Ø @ 250 16 Ø @ 219 16 Ø @ 200
Bottom Slab 16 Ø @ 355 16 Ø @ 300 16 Ø @ 241 16 Ø @ 225
Main Recommended (E3) Main Recommended (W3)
Abutments 16 Ø @ 169 16 Ø @ 150 16 Ø @ 360 16 Ø @ 300
E1 S1
t1 tm
t1
E1
B1
W1
B3
16 Ø @ 266 16 Ø @ 266 h
W3 16 Ø @ 266 16 Ø @ 266
W2 S2 S3
B2
E3
t3
E2
t2 L tm L t2
JOINT A B C D E F
MEMBER AB AF BA BC BE CB CD DC DE ED EB EF FE FA
STIFFNESS0.008 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.011 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.007
DF 0.532 0.468 0.294 0.294 0.411 0.532 0.468 0.356 0.644 0.347 0.347 0.305 0.644 0.356
FEM 37.90 -26.59 -37.90 7.02 0.00 -7.02 26.59 -39.17 37.87 -37.87 0.00 37.87 -37.87 39.17
BAL -6.02 -5.29 9.09 9.09 12.69 -10.41 -9.15 0.47 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.84 -0.47
COM 4.55 -0.23 -3.01 -5.21 0.00 4.55 0.23 -4.58 0.00 0.42 6.35 -0.42 0.00 -2.64
BAL -2.30 -2.02 2.42 2.42 3.38 -2.54 -2.24 1.63 2.95 -2.20 -2.20 -1.94 1.70 0.94
COM 1.21 0.47 -1.15 -1.27 -1.10 1.21 0.82 -1.12 -1.10 1.47 1.69 0.85 -0.97 -1.01
BAL -0.89 -0.79 1.04 1.04 1.45 -1.08 -0.95 0.79 1.43 -1.39 -1.39 -1.23 1.27 0.70
COM 0.52 0.35 -0.45 -0.54 -0.70 0.52 0.40 -0.47 -0.70 0.71 0.72 0.64 -0.61 -0.39
BAL -0.46 -0.41 0.50 0.50 0.69 -0.49 -0.43 0.42 0.75 -0.72 -0.72 -0.63 0.65 0.36
COM 0.25 0.18 -0.23 -0.24 -0.36 0.25 0.21 -0.21 -0.36 0.38 0.35 0.32 -0.32 -0.20
BAL -0.23 -0.20 0.25 0.25 0.34 -0.24 -0.21 0.20 0.37 -0.36 -0.36 -0.32 0.33 0.19
COM 0.12 0.09 -0.11 -0.12 -0.18 0.12 0.10 -0.11 -0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 -0.16 -0.10
BAL -0.11 -0.10 0.12 0.12 0.17 -0.12 -0.11 0.10 0.19 -0.18 -0.18 -0.16 0.17 0.09
COM 0.06 0.05 -0.06 -0.06 -0.09 0.06 0.05 -0.05 -0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 -0.08 -0.05
BAL -0.06 -0.05 0.06 0.06 0.09 -0.06 -0.05 0.05 0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 0.08 0.05
COM 0.03 0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 0.03 0.03 -0.03 -0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 -0.04 -0.03
BAL -0.03 -0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 -0.03 -0.03 0.03 0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 0.04 0.02
COM 0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.01
BAL -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.01
COM 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01
BAL -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01
COM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.00
BAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.00
COM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 34.54 -34.54 -29.43 13.06 16.37 -15.26 15.26 -42.05 42.05 -39.56 4.40 35.16 -36.63 36.63

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Shankibhanga Khal Subproject, Upazila : Ghatail , District : Tangail

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BARREL

2.1 REQUIRED INPUT DATA

Embankment Crest Level --> 5.60 m

Live Vehicle Loading(H10 or H20) -> H20

Unit Weight of Steel --> 77.00 KN/m³

Angle of Internal Friction (ø) --> 25 °

Top Slab Thickness --> 350 mm

No. of Vents --> 5

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BARREL

Ultimate Flexural Strength of Steel (fy) --> 2.76E+5 KN/m²

Allowable Flexural Strength of Steel (fs) = 0.45 * fy = 1.24E+5 KN/m²

Allowable Shear Stress of Concrete(v) = 2.89 * (fc')^0.5 = 3.79E+2 KN/m²

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) --> 1.96E+8 KN/m²

Coverage + 1/2 Dia.Reinforcement (c) --> 75 mm

SCHEMATIC VIEW OF BARREL

Extended Barrel Length = 2 Nos.Barrel Extension Length + Barrel Length

Length of Top Member Adjacent to Abutment = 1.90 m

Length of Bottom Member Adjacent to Abutment= 2.03 m

Length of Interior Top and Bottom Members = 1.95 m

Length of Piers and Abutments = 4.88 m

2.2 DESIGN LOADS

D<L Live Load is Not Negligible. <-----

Live Load = Load of Rear Wheels / Distributed Area

Load of Rear Wheels = No.Wheels * Load Distribution * Load

Load = 178 KN (H20 Live Vehicle Loading)

Load of Rear Wheels = 2 * 0.4 * 178 = 142.40 KN

Distributed Area = Length along Embankment * Length traverse to Embankment

Length along Embankment = 1.75 * Depth of Fill

Length traverse to Embankment = 1.75 * Depth of Fill + Wheel Spacing

Distributed Area = 1.00 * 1.80 = 1.80 m²

Live Load = 142.40 / 1.80 = 9.64 KN/m²

LOAD ON TOP SLAB

Earth Embk.Load = Height * Weight of Soil

Top Slab Load = Thickness * Weight of Concrete

Live Load = 9.64 KN/m²

LOAD ON BOTTOM SLAB

Abutment Load = (No. * Height * Avg.Thickness * Weight of Concrete) / Barrel Width

= 2 * 4.25 * 0.48 * 23.60

Pier Load = (No. * Height * Thickness * Weight of Concrete) / Barrel Width

= 4 * 4.25 * 0.45 * 23.60

Load on Top Slab = 17.90 KN/m²

Top Slab C/l = 0.58 * 1.08 * 19.60 = 12.17 KN/m²

Maximum Water Level = 0.00 m

Top Slab C/l = Height * Weight of Water

Bottom Slab C/l = Height * Weight of Water

Load on Top Slab = 17.90 KN/m²

2.3 DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

The Distribution Factor (Dis.Fct.) of each member is calculated by dividing the

BARREL VENTS, JOINTS AND MEMBERS

Joint Member Thick(t) Length(l) t³/l Sum(t³/l) Dis.Fct.

2.4 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION

The Moment-distribution Method developed by Hardy Cross is used to determine the

2.5 SHEAR AND MOMENT ANALYSIS

Joint End End Loc/zs(m) Mid Span

PIER (water in right vent)

PIER (water in left vent)

TOP SLAB BOTTOM SLAB

TOP SLAB = 50.27 KN BOTTOM SLAB = 90.82 KN

ABUTMENTS PIERS = 0.00 KN

3.1 INPUT DATA AND DESIGN COEFFICIENTS

Ultimate Flexural Strength of Steel (fy) --> 2.76E+5 KN/m²