OPTCL Basic Concepts of GIS Engineering

OPTCL TRAINING, 16TH OCT’19
Basic concepts of GIS system Engg

Mr.Rijwan Kudalkar, Principal Consultant (ABB India Ltd.)
Basic concepts of GIS system engg
Agenda
• Why GIS ?
• Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear.
• Standards.
• Important aspects in specification.
• Available general variety of product.
• Switching Configuration (Double Bus Bar , One & Half CB scheme)
• Green Field (New) GIS substation engineering consideration
• Brown Field (Extension) GIS substation engineering consideration
• GIS Substation System study nothing but proper planned engineering.
• GIS Layout Optimization Case Studies.
16-Oct-19 Slide 2
Basic concepts of GIS system engineering
WHY GIS?
16-Oct-19 Slide 3
Basic concepts of GIS system engg.
Benefits of Gas Insulated switchgear.
• Low space requirement

• Low environmental impact
• Low Life Cycle Costs
• High energy efficiency
• High safety level
• High quality standard
• Fear of terrorism and vandalism
• Increasing „urbanization
• Reconstruction/extension with
minimised interruption time
16-Oct-19 Slide 4
Low Space requirement
volume reduction (GIS type compact substation compared to AIS

substation)
Land cost saving
Minimized aesthetic impact on the local environment
16-Oct-19 Slide 5
Vandalism, Trrorism & Environmental Acpect
Bombing / 1999
It is easy to find a AIS
But where is the GIS?
16-Oct-19 Slide 6
Various space saving option
Space saving
high
GIS
PASS Indoor / outdoor
Outdoor/ (indoor)
PASS M0S
PASS M0
Conventional AIS PASS M00
outdoor
medium
low
no partial full
Encapsulation
16-Oct-19 Slide 7
Substation integration with reduced time interruption
Steps to renew a substation with

minimum interruption...
…we find the right solution

together with you.
16-Oct-19 Slide 8
STANDARDS
16-Oct-19 Slide 9
Main Important IEC Standards
GIS standard for above 52kV IEC 62271-203
Circuit breaker IEC 62271-100
Disconnector IEC 62271-102
Earthing Switch IEC 62271-102
Instrument Transformer IEC 61869
Bushings IEC 60137
Arrester IEC 60099
Cable Connections IEC 62271-209
Transformer connection IEC 61639
Seismic qualification IEC 62271-207
SF6 Gas IEC 60376
16-Oct-19 Slide 10
• IMPORTANTS ASPECTS IN SPECIFICATION
16-Oct-19 Slide 11
Important Aspects in Specification
• Single Line Diagram, Plot arrangement, Line Entry etc.

• Geometrical and Site Parameters
• Ambient Conditions
• Technical Requirements
• Basic System Parameters
q Rated voltage
q Rated busbar current
q Rated Short circuit current
q Rated Feeder current
q Configuration
q Equipment of the bays
q Connection method of the bays
16-Oct-19 Slide 12
• Special conditions -
q Safety first– Minimum risk to human life.
q Adequate safety margin with respect to thermal, mechanical, dielectric stress and insulation
coordination etc. shall be maintained during design & Selection of Material etc.
q The GIS assembly shall consist of separate modular compartments
q These compartments shall be such that maintenance on one feeder may be performed
without de-energising the adjacent feeders. These compartments shall be designed to
minimize the risk of damage to adjacent sections and protection of personnel in the event of
a failure occurring within the compartments.
q All components of GIS having identical rating shall have identical and interchangeable parts
and operating mechanism as far as possible.
q Gas barrier insulators shall be provided so as to divide the GIS into separate compartments.
These shall be suitably located in order to minimize disturbance in case of leakage or
dismantling.
q Maximum VFT over voltages peak shall not be higher than rated lightning impulse withstand
voltage (LIWV) of the equipment.
16-Oct-19 Slide 13
• Special conditions -
q Maximum VFT over voltages peak shall not be higher than rated lightning impulse withstand
voltage (LIWV) of the equipment.
q The enclosure shall be of continuous design and shall meet the requirement as specified in
of IEEE 80.
q Insulation Co-ordination study.
q Adequate number of UHF sensors shall be provided in the offered GIS for detection of Partial
discharge
16-Oct-19 Slide 14
• Service Continuity Requirement-
q For One & half breaker bus switching scheme during a fault in CB compartment, No bus bar
and feeder is permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement.
q For Double Main bus switching scheme during a fault in CB compartment, No bus bar
permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement.
q During a fault in GIS compartment other than CB compartment, maximum one bus bar
and/or one feeder permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement.
16-Oct-19 Slide 15
Available general variety of product.
Sub Trans- Transmission

mission
Three- Three- / single-phase Single-phase

Encapsulation
phase
Rated Voltage kV 72.5-170 245/252 300 420 550 800 1000
Rated PWWF kV 275-325 460 460 650 740 960 1100
(power frequency
withstand voltage)
Rated LIWV kV 650-750 1050 1050 1425 1550 2100 2400
Rated current A 2500/4000 3150 4000 4000/ 4000/ 4000/ 4000/6
5000 6300 5000 300
Rated A 40/50/63 50 63 63 63 50 50
breaking current
16-Oct-19 Slide 16
GIS schemes (Switching Configuration)
Double Busbar
E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08
110kV/ 2500A/ 31,5kA
option
1000
500
3700
5500
option 220kV DBB 220kV DBB 220kV DBB

GSLD.pdf PLAN.pdf SECTION.pdf
E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08
9150
12500
Prerequisites 5 requirements regarding working on insulators
1. Work on full pressurized partition insulators is not allowed.
2. Work on pressurized partition insulators is only allowed if the pressure in the adjacent
compartment is reduced.
3. Work on support insulators is allowed. In this case adjacent partition insulators can
remain under full pressure.
4. During service and repair work the affected partition insulators have to be under reduced
pressure.
5. All insulators of the affected gas compartment have to be replaced.
16-Oct-19 Slide 18
Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
Layouts - Service continuity double busbar arrangement
No bay-wise gas segregation

No buffer compartment between both busbar
disconnectors
No buffer compartment between circuit
breaker and current transformer
Consequence:
Failure in an disconnector will lead to a major
shutdown of the substation
Failure in a busbar, will cause
– Long repair time
– big environmental impact
16-Oct-19 Slide 19
Layouts - Service continuity double busbar arrangement
2 1
User’s benefits of dual gas barrier concept
§ High availability during repair and maintenance
1. Bay-wise gas segregation
2. Buffer zone between busbar disconnector (at least
one busbar is in service)
3. Circuit-breaker can be removed without shutdown
of substation
§ Minimum outage time due to

1.Buffer compartments
2.Partition insulators as gas barrier
3,4 3,4 For examples see IEC 62271-203 Annex F
16-Oct-19 Slide 20
Layouts - Service continuity 1½-breaker arrangement
11. Buffer gas compartments between bays in main

busbar
§ Not entire busbar will go out of service for a

1 long time
22. Buffer gas compartment between circuit-breaker and

feeder
§ Circuit-breaker can be exchanged leaving both

feeder disconnectors in service
2
16-Oct-19 Slide 21
Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation)
Content
• Green Field Substation.

– Input
– Primary Engineering
– Secondary Engineering
– Civil Requirement
– Study/Calculation of GIS installation.
• Brown Field Substation.
– Input
– Primary Engineering
– Secondary Engineering
– Civil Requirement
– Study/Calculation of GIS installation.
• Layout Optimization Case Studies.
16-Oct-19 Slide 22
INPUT
• Plot plan
• Contour map/ Site level
• Line Corridor
• Approach road detail to substation
• Switching scheme
• No. of present Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor bays & Transformer bays.
• No. of Future Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor bays & Transformer bays.
16-Oct-19 Slide 23
INPUT
• Plot Plan
• Contour Map/ Site Level
• Approach Road
October 16, 2019 Slide 24

INPUT
• Line Corridor
• No. of present Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor
bays & Transformer bays.
• No. of Future Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor
bays & Transformer bays.

Primary Engineering
• Layout planning.
– GIS Duct Routing ( Single Layer/ Multi Layer)
– AIS/ GIS Combination in Layout.
– GIS/Cable Combination in Layout.
• Building planning.
– GIS Building ( Present + Future Arrangement)
– Control Room Building
– LCC/CRP/PLCC/FOTE etc. Panel planning
– Fire Fighting Building
– AHU Room Planning
• Transformer & Reactor Location Planning.
• LT Feeder Planning
• Access planning within switchyard.
• Planning of extension of GIS switchgear.
16-Oct-19 Slide 26
Primary Engineering (Layout Planning)
16-Oct-19 Slide 27
Primary Engineering ( Building Planning)
• Building planning.
– GIS Building ( Present + Future Arrangement)
– Control Room Building
– LCC/CRP/PLCC/FOTE etc. Panel planning
– Fire Fighting Building
– AHU Room Planning
16-Oct-19 Slide 28
Secondary Engineering
• Requirement of Battery for GIS Switchgear

– Depend upon the CB operating mechanism & switching scheme, Battery rating needs to be
considered.
– Higher rating of battery compared to AIS substation for same no. of Bays.
– Location can be in control room or near to GIS hall.
• Outdoor Illumination.
– Smaller & compact area compared to AIS substation.
– Due to less no. of Gantry structure in outdoor yard, Mast or support structure needs to be
considered in strategic location.
• Indoor Illumination.
– High bay luminarie to be used in GIS hall due to height.
– Maintenance aspect to be taken care during installation. Access to Luminarie shall be available
during maintenance.
16-Oct-19 Slide 29
• AHU requirement finalization

– Depends upon Volume of Building.
– Area occupied by GIS Switchgear.
– No. of Air changes requirement.
– Openings in room.
• Crane requirement finalization

– Capacity of crane depends upon heaviest weight of GIS component.
– Long Travel & Cross travel of crane depends upon access area of GIS switchgear.
– Height of crane hook depends upon the hindrance free movement of crane.
• Building Fire fighting system finalization.

– Height aspect of building to be taken care in GIS Hall.
16-Oct-19 Slide 30
• Yard Fire fighting system finalization.

• Visual Monitoring system.
• Air Conditioning system.
• Protection System of GIS Switchgear.
16-Oct-19 Slide 31
Civil Requirement
• Finalizing building size as per GIS Switchgear requirement.

• Finalizing Building column location with respect to GIS Duct.
• Co-ordination of GIS Duct opening.
• Provision of access for switchgear installation.
• Clear maintenance space around switchgear.
• Provision of platform for crane maintenance & ladder to platform.
16-Oct-19 Slide 32
Civil Requirement
• Co-ordination for building floor level & bus duct
foundation floor level.
• Co-ordination of AHU duct with building
structure.
• Co-ordination of Cable trench , Chamber &
Buried pipe for cabling.
• Co-ordination of indoor bus duct support
structure.
• Co-ordination of Earth riser location.
• Co-ordination of support member in concrete
floor.
• Provision of floor for future area inside building.
• Provision of future extension in building.
16-Oct-19 Slide 33
Study/Calculation of GIS installation.
• Earthing Calculation
• Short circuit calculation
• Cantilever strength check calculation.
• DSLP Calculation
• Insulation Co-ordination.
• VFTO study.
• CT Sizing Calculation.
16-Oct-19 Slide 34
Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation)
INPUT
• Existing GIS SLD.

• Existing GIS Layout.
• Overall existing plot plan.
• Existing Phase sequence of substation.
• Provision of extension of GIS switchgear.
• Existing Building arrangement.
• Structural Details of existing building.
• Contour map/ Site level
16-Oct-19 Slide 35
INPUT (Existing SLD)
Extension 400kV
Existing 400kV
Future 400kV
Future 220kV Present 220kV

INPUT (Existing Layout)
Present 400kV Existing 400kV Future 400kV
Area for 220kV
16-Oct-19 Slide 37
Developed Overall Layout
Existing
400kV
Switchyard
Extension
400kV 220kV
Switchyard Switchyard
16-Oct-19 Slide 38
INPUT (Existing Building Layout)
16-Oct-19 Slide 39
(Existing + Present + Future Developed Building Layout)
Future Present Existing 400kV

400kV 400kV
16-Oct-19 Slide 40
(Existing Building Photograph)
16-Oct-19 Slide 41
Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Outdoor GIS Substation)
16-Oct-19 Slide 42
Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Outdoor GIS Substation)
16-Oct-19 Slide 43
Some Common Questions ??
1) Is the GIS suitable for system over voltages ? Is higher rating of GIS a correct technical
solution !!!
2) Should I require a CB with PIR or not ? What should be the safe line length ?
3) Which switching configuration should I adopt ? (Double bus or one and half CB)
4) Is line reactor required on line or not ?
5) What are the issues which comes in GIS extensions ?
6) Should I use a control switching relay ?
7) What are the typical earthing solutions ?
8) Transformer interconnection should be with GIS or AIS ? What is preferable ?
9) What are the VFTO levels in GIS ? Are these meeting technical requirements.
10) Are there any specific requirements for Generating stations ?
11) How to optimize the duct routing ?
12) How to take care of the maintenance aspects in layout engineering ?
13) How to ensure correct coordination between LCC and GIS ?
14) Is the GIS earthing suitable for future fault levels……. ?
15) More ……. More …….. More ………
System studies and Proper planned Engineering is the key to many core issues
16-Oct-19 Slide 44
Some Critical Aspects
Ensuring the design requirements are

met.
Finalizing the rating of surge arrestors
System Ensuring safe working of equipment
Studies and personal.
Technical Helping to assimilate product into
Studies correct technical system solution
Meet maintenance requirements
Future proof solution. Future proof
Take care of statutory clearances Engineering
Layout
solutions to meet
Engineering Minimum / No downtime for future
growing Power
expansion
system
Finalizing Space and optimizing land
requirements
Protection coordination studies (HV,
Engineering MV, LV)
Secondary
Solutions
Engineering Finalizing the Auxiliary requirements
(taking care of future needs)
GIS solutions
16-Oct-19 Slide 45
VFTO Studies in GIS
VFT
Generated by Isolators and CB

switching
Magnitude will depend on the
layout configuration & residual
voltage
Critical for High voltage GIS
Stresses the Insulation levels in
GIS
VFTO study can analyze the
levels of VFT in GIS. This is not
standardized and will vary with
layout.
VFT can have rise time 4-100 ns
VFTO check via VFTO

Studies is MUST
16-Oct-19 Slide 46
Insulation Co-ordination Studies in GIS
Arrestor & Network

parameter
Necessary to know the
arrestor parameters from
supplier.
Co-ordinate the
requirements wrt system
requirements
Suitable protection
margin between SIWL and
SIPL; LIWL and LIPL
ensures better
performance
Know your protection

levels & margins
16-Oct-19 Slide 47
EARTHING Design in GIS
Earthing Design
FEM methodology (XGS LAB Software)

helps to analyze the unsafe potential
within switchyard
Effect of conductor impedance needs to be
considered in design
Picture / artwork size:
Requirement of close spaced earth mesh
below the GIS Hall needs to be understood Height = 12.09 cm
and modelled accordingly Width = 11.47 cm
Effect of high frequency transients needs
to be analyzed.
Concrete floor need to be modelled on

case to case basis.
Earthing Model & Analysis needs a close
review
16-Oct-19 Slide 48
GIS Layout Optimization.
• Location of Building.
• Arrangement of future bay.
• Arrangement of bus ducts.
• Bay width.
• Arrangement of line termination bay. (In line / Back to back)
• Reduction in GIS building size.(Reduction in civil cost, reduction in execution Time & Reduction in
AHU Size)
• Combination of AIS & GIS by meeting technical requirement. Helps in reduction of cost.
16-Oct-19 Slide 49
GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Tender Stage Layout)
16-Oct-19 Slide 50
GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Execution Stage Layout)
16-Oct-19 Slide 51
GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Execution Stage Layout)
16-Oct-19 Slide 52
GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Optimization Points)
• Area = (200 x 130 = 26000 sq.mtr)
• Reduction in Bay width.
• Approximate reduction in
• 400kV bus duct is 350 mtr. &
• 220kV Bus duct is 600 mtr.
• Reduction in building size Area
• 400kV GIS Building (960-648) = 312 sq. mtr.
• 220kV GIS Building (552-336) = 216 sq. mtr.
• Reduction in area & building sizes helps in
• Civil works.
• AHU Requirement
• Illumination
• Cabling requirement.
16-Oct-19 Slide 53
GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-2 – In line Line feeder arrangement &
Combination of AIS & GIS Solution)
16-Oct-19 Slide 54
Area = (29434 sq. mtr)
AIS + GIS Solution from cost optimization &
maintenance point of view.
– Provision of SF6 to Air bushing
– AIS LA instead of GIS LA.
– Transformer & Reactor with AIS
connection instead of GIS connection.
16-Oct-19 Slide 55
GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-3 – Tender stage Layout)
400kV
220kV
16-Oct-19 Slide 56
400kV
220kV
16-Oct-19 Slide 57
• Lowest down time for spare transformer
switching – Isolator arrangements; in HV, LV &
aux bus. 1 – 2 hours as against 12 – 14 hours.
• Highest safety standards. No physical labour

involvement including shifting & reconnection
of transformer
• Changeover from local / remote possible with

full safety interlocks.
• No immediate requirement of supervisor of

transformer manufacturer, lesser resources
required at site. No spare transformer shifting
(lesser O&M inventory)
• Future proof solution, can be easily extended

for future
• Spare transformer can be used for even future

bank. (Reducing spare transformer
requirements)
16-Oct-19 Slide 58
GIS is not as same as AIS…
1. It involves careful understanding of user requirement (Availability, Reliability, Critical load

switching)
2. Careful planning with respect to future needs (Expansion)
3. Insulation coordination & VFTO studies to ensure safe working of switchgear.
4. Careful soil resistivity interpretation and good understanding of earthing design.
5. Proper knowledge of electrical, civil and mechanical engineering aspects.

6. Protection coordination studies to ensure the system is safe & reliable wrt changing Power
system requirements
7. Proper understanding of GIS layout engineering to take care of statutory requirements,

maintenance aspects and future extension.
8. Requirement of camouflaged substation is on rise.
GIS Engineering is a mix of “Art & Science”
16-Oct-19 Slide 59
Contact Information
Power Consulting – ABB INDIA LTD.
If you have further questions, please contact me at:

Presenter : Rijwan S Kudalkar
Company : ABB India Ltd
Contact phone : (+91) 9724334575
Contact e-mail : rijwan.s.kudalkar@in.abb.com
Thank You
16-Oct-19 Slide 60

OPTCL Basic Concepts of GIS Engineering

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OPTCL TRAINING, 16TH OCT’19

Basic concepts of GIS system Engg

• Low space requirement

volume reduction (GIS type compact substation compared to AIS

It is easy to find a AIS

But where is the GIS?

Steps to renew a substation with

…we find the right solution

• Single Line Diagram, Plot arrangement, Line Entry etc.

Sub Trans- Transmission

Three- Three- / single-phase Single-phase

option 220kV DBB 220kV DBB 220kV DBB

E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08

1. Work on full pressurized partition insulators is not allowed.

5. All insulators of the affected gas compartment have to be replaced.

No bay-wise gas segregation

§ Minimum outage time due to

3,4 3,4 For examples see IEC 62271-203 Annex F

11. Buffer gas compartments between bays in main

§ Not entire busbar will go out of service for a

22. Buffer gas compartment between circuit-breaker and

§ Circuit-breaker can be exchanged leaving both

• Green Field Substation.

October 16, 2019 Slide 24

October 16, 2019 Slide 25

• Requirement of Battery for GIS Switchgear

• AHU requirement finalization

• Crane requirement finalization

• Building Fire fighting system finalization.

• Yard Fire fighting system finalization.

• Finalizing building size as per GIS Switchgear requirement.

• Existing GIS SLD.

Future 220kV Present 220kV

October 16, 2019 Slide 36

Area for 220kV

Future Present Existing 400kV

Ensuring the design requirements are

Generated by Isolators and CB

VFT can have rise time 4-100 ns

VFTO check via VFTO

Arrestor & Network

Know your protection

FEM methodology (XGS LAB Software)

Concrete floor need to be modelled on

• Highest safety standards. No physical labour

• Changeover from local / remote possible with

• No immediate requirement of supervisor of

• Future proof solution, can be easily extended

• Spare transformer can be used for even future

GIS is not as same as AIS…

1. It involves careful understanding of user requirement (Availability, Reliability, Critical load

5. Proper knowledge of electrical, civil and mechanical engineering aspects.

7. Proper understanding of GIS layout engineering to take care of statutory requirements,

GIS Engineering is a mix of “Art & Science”

Power Consulting – ABB INDIA LTD.

If you have further questions, please contact me at:

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