APPROVAL SHEET

The complete report of Intrumental Analytical Chemistry Experiment with

title “Conductometry” was made by:
Name : Nur Hasanah
ID : 1813442009
Class/Group : Chemistry Education of ICP 1 / V (Five)
After checked and consulted by assistant and assistant coordinator so this report is
accept.

Makassar, December 2020

Assistant Coordinator Assistant

Ade Putra Maipha Deapati Arief

ID.1513141003 ID.1713442007

Known By,
Responsibility Lecturer

Sitti Faika, S.Si., Apt., M.Sc., Ph.D

ID.197803192005 01 2003
A. TITLE OF EXPERIMENT
Conductometry

B. OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT
The objective of this experiment is to determine conductivity of a solution
through the equivalent point by using conductometer apparatus

C. LITERATURE REVIEW
Conductimetric titrations is if the number or nature of ions present in a cell
change, then the conductance will change. This is useful for many types of
titration, including some in nonaqueous media. Conductivity is since analysts are
concerned with concentrations, it is preferable to compare molar conductivities,
which depend on the chacteristics of the ions. Conductance is In ionic solutions,
the ions carry the current, but Ohm’s law still applies. Increasing the number of
ions increases the conductance.Ohm’s law still applies to relate the current, I, to
the applied voltage, E, and the resistance, R, or to the conductance, G = 1/R.
I = E/R = EG ohms- W-
G is related to the concentration of ions and has units of ohms -1 or siemens
(Ω −¿¿or S).In order to measure the conductance of a solution, a conductance cell is
used.It has two electrodes, often platinum, coated with platinum black, separated
by a fixed distance. Connecting these to a conductance meter, or more simply to a
Wheatstone bridge, the conductance may be measured directly. In order to prevent
electrolysis taking place, which would change the concentrations in the solution,
the bridge uses alternating current. Plastic and flow-through conductance cells are
also available (Kealay& Haines, 2002: 104-105).
Conductance is a non-specific property; high concentrations of other
electrolytes can be troublesome.. The electrical conductance of a solution is a
measure of its current-carrying capacity and is therefore determined by the total
ionic strength. It is a nonspecific property and for this reason direct conductance
measurements are of little use unless the solution contains only the electrolyte to
be determined or the concentrations of other ionic species in the solution are
known. Conductometric titrations, in which the species of interest are converted to
non-ionic forms by neutralization, precipitation, etc. are of more value. The
equivalence point may be located graphically by plotting the change in
conductance as a function of the volume of titrant
added (Fifield and Kealey, 2000: 265).
Conductometric titration, If the number or nature of ions present in a cell
change, then the conductance will change. This is useful for many types of
titration,including some in nonaqueous media. Whenever titrations of ionic
solutions are carried out, the number and nature ofthe ions change throughout the
entire titration. If a strong base, say NaOH, istitrated with a strong acid, HCl, the
reaction
Na+ + OH- + H+ + Cl- = Na+ + Cl- + H2O
will first of all remove the OH-as nonconducting water, so the conductance
willdecrease until the end point. Then excess HCl will increase the
conductance.This gives a ‘V’ shaped graph of conductance versus titer. If a
mixture of acids isused, they will be titrated in the order of their
strength (Kealay& Haines, 2002: 106).
When light is passed through the suspension, part of the incident radiant
energy is dissipated by absorption, reflection, and refraction, while the
remainderis transmitted. Measurement of the intensity of the transmitted light as a
functionof the concentration of the dispersed phase is the basis of turbidimetric
analysis.When the suspension is viewed at right angles to the direction of the
incidentlight the system appears opalescent due to the reflection oflight from the
particlesof the suspension (Tyndall effect). The light is reflected irregularly and
diffusely,and consequently the term 'scattered light' is used to account for this
opalescenceor cloudiness. The measurement of the intensity of the scattered light
(at rightangles to the direction of the incident light) as a function of the
concentrationof the dispersed phase is the basis of nephelometric analysis (Gr.
nephele = acloud) (Jeffery et al, 1989: 726).
In conductometric titrations the variation of the electrical conductivity of a
solution during the course of a titration is followed. This technique is of wide
applicability and good precision. Sincethe property measured bears a direct (not
logarithmic) relation to the concentration, the titrationcurves (volume-corrected)
consist of intersecting straight lines. A conductometric titration is devised so that
the ionic species to be determined can be replacedby another ionic species of
significantly different conductance. The end point is obtained by theintersection
of two straight lines that are drawn through a suitable number of points (usually
fourfor each linear branch) obtained by measurement of the conductivity after
each addition of titrant.The titrant should be at least 10 times as concentrated as
the analyte in order to keep the volumechange small. If necessary a correction
may be applied. All conductance readings are multiplied bythe ratio
V+v
V
where V is the initial volume and v is the volume of titrant added up to the
particular conductance reading (Patnaik, 2004: 883).
Although it is often possible to work directly with conductance, it is useful
to know the conductivity and molar conductivity when results are to be compared.
From the equations above:
k = G(l/A).
Since, the analyst is concerned with molar concentrations, and the conductivity
depends mostly on the amounts of ions present, the molar conductivity Lm is
defined by: Λm = k/c where Λm has units of W-1 m2 mol-1 provided that the
concentration c is expressed in mol m-3 (= 1000 M). For strong electrolytes, it
must be noted that, because of ionic interaction and the effects of the ionic
atmosphere, the molar conductivity decreases as the concentration increases,
according to the Onsager equation: Λm = Λ om –Kc. Where Λ omis the molar
conductivity at infinite dilution, and K is a constant, m dependent on temperature
and the solute (Kealay& Haines, 2002: 105-106).
For example, in the titration of a weakacid, sufficient aqueous ammonia is
added to neutralize about 80% of the weak acid. Then the titration is carried out
with standard NaOH. After the remaining weak acid has been neutralized, the
titration involves the reaction of the ammonium ion (formed during the
neutralization of the weak acid) with NaOH to form ammonia, water, and sodium
ions. The conductance falls owing to the replacement of the ammonium ion (l+ =
73) by the sodium ion (l+ = 50). When the replacement is
complete,theconductivity increases abruptly due to the unused
NaOH.Theconductometric titration technique is also useful in the titration of the
conjugate base of a weakly ionized acid, and vice versa. This extends the
technique to organic salts such as acetates, benzoates,nicotinates, and so on. One
caveat is that the ionization constant of the displaced acid or basedivided by the
original salt concentration must not exceed 5 × 10−3 (Patnaik, 2004: 889).
The aim of this research work is to look for the better conditions to put in
practice the conductometric titrations of polymeric materials to determine the total
acid capacity and the equivalent weight, without taking the reaction to an end in a
complete way. Conductometric titration is an analytical techniquebased on the
mobility difference, that is, ions of a certain mobility are replaced by other ions
that possess a different mobility.The changes proposed are related to the way in
which the system is agitated: with magnetic or bubble stirring; or the time during
the agitation is applied to the system: along all the determination or only during a
specific period of time. Another parameter analyzed is thepossibility to set the
temperature in which the experiment iscarried out or not. All the parameter
modifications have the purpose of reducing the time of the determination and the
accuracy in the results obtained by the technique. So the parameter modifications
that affect the results in the direction exposed above will be
selected (Lavorante& Juan, 2017: 125).
Conductometry is made using SPCE (screen print carbon electrode) as the
electrode. The area of SPCE used is 1.5 mm2. The area of SPCE to be covered by
the membrane is limited by tape. Furthermore, the SPCE which has been taped is
coated with 1% (w/v) chitosan then 10 L of 0.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde each, after
that it is left to stand for 5 minutes, then dried in an oven at 50 ° C for 30 minutes.
The electrodes that have been coated with a membrane are rinsed with a solution
of distilled water to neutralize the membrane. Then the electrodes were rinsed
with distilled water and allowed to stand in a desiccator for 30
minutes (Isvani et al, 2015:85 ).
The conductometric methods of analysis are well suited for
thedetermination of endpoints in precipitation titrations, where the shape of the
titration curves can be predicted by summing the ionic conductance of the various
species during the course of titration. On using silver nitrate as a titrant for the
determination of etilefrine hydrochloride, fenoterolhydrobromide, and
pipazethatehydrochloride silver chloride or silver bromide is precipitated leading
to a straight line during the first segment of the titration curve. A graph of
corrected conductivity versus the volume of added titrant was constructed, and
end-point was determined conductometrically (Ayad et al, 2016: 15).

D. APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS

1. Apparatus
a. Erlenmeyer 100 mL 1 piece
b. Conductometer 1 set
c. Beaker glass 250 mL 2pieces
d. Volumetric pipette 25 mL 1 piece
e. Ball pipette 1piece
f. Burette 50 mL 1 piece
g. Stative and Clamp 1 set
h. Spray Bottle 1 piece
i. Rough cloth 1 piece
j. Smooth cloth 1 piece
2. Chemicals
a. Sodium Hydroxide solution 0.1 M (NaOH)
b. Hydrochloric acid solution 0.1 M (HCl)
c. Aquadest (H2O)
d. Tissue
E. WORK PROCEDURE
a. Conductometer was related to the electrical current
b. 25 mL of HCl was pipette into the beaker
c. Conductivity was measured by using conductometer, conductivity was
noted
d. Solution was titrated by using NaOH 0.1 M solution, every addition of 3
mL conductivity was noted until 48 mL
e. Equivalent point was determined

F. OBSERVATION RESULT
Volume of HCl 0.1 M = 25 mL
No Volume of NaOH 0.1 M (mL) Conductivity (ohm-1)
1 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) 12.93
2 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 3 mL of NaOH 9.15
0,1 (colorless)
3 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 6 mL of NaOH 7.81
0,1 (colorless)
4 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 9 mL of NaOH 6.42
0,1 (colorless)
5 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 12 mL of NaOH 5.97
0,1 (colorless)
6 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 15 mL of NaOH 9.40
0,1 (colorless)
7 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 18 mL of NaOH 13.84
0,1 (colorless)
8 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 21 mL of NaOH 4.44
0,1 (colorless)
9 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 24 mL of NaOH 4.6
0,1 (colorless)
10 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 27 mL of NaOH 4.1
0,1 (colorless)
11 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 30 mL of NaOH 3.33
0,1 (colorless)
12 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 33 mL of NaOH 3.1
0,1 (colorless)
 13 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 36 mL of NaOH 2.8
0,1 (colorless)
14 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 39 mL of NaOH 6.9
0,1 (colorless)
15 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 42 mL of NaOH 2.7
0,1 (colorless)
16 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 45 mL of NaOH 3.1
0,1 (colorless)
17 25 mL HCl 0,1 M (colorless) + 48 mL of NaOH 1.0
0,1 (colorless)

G. DATA ANALYSIS
Known:
o H + = 349.8 ohm-1
o Cl- = 76.3 ohm-1
V HCl = 25 mL
V TE = 24 mL
M HCl = 0.1 M
1 1
Asked : until = …….?
R1 R 17
Solution:
1. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtotal = 25 mL + 0 mL
= 25 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C1 ¿ = = 0.1 M
Vtotal 25 mL
1 C 1 V HCl o +
R1
¿ ( )
1000 V TE
( H + o Cl-)

0.1 25 mL
1000 ( 24 mL )
-1
¿ (349.8 ohm + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0443 ohm-1
2. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtotal = 25 mL + 3 mL
= 28 mL
n HCl 2,5 mmol
C2 ¿ = = 0,0892M
Vtot 28 mL
1 C 2 V HCl o +
R2
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0,0892 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0395 ohm-1
3. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtotal = 28 mL + 3 mL
= 31 mL
n HCl 2,5 mmol
C3 ¿ = = 0.0806 M
Vtot 351 mL
1 C 3 V HCl o +
R3
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0,0806 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0357 ohm-1
4. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 31 mL + 3 mL
= 34 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C4 ¿ = = 0.0735 M
Vtot 34 mL
1 C 4 V HCl o +
R4
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)
 0.0735 25 mL
¿
1000 24 mL ( )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0325 ohm-1
5. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 34 mL + 3 mL
= 37 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C1 ¿ = = 0.0675 M
Vtot 37 mL
1 C 5 V HCl o +
R5
¿
1000 V TE ( )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0675 25 mL
¿
1000 24 mL ( )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0299 ohm-1
6. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 37 mL + 3 mL
= 40 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C6 ¿ = = 0,0635 M
Vtot 40 mL
1 C 6 V HCl o +
R6
¿
1000 V TE ( )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0625 25 mL
¿
1000 24 mL( )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0276 ohm-1
7. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 40 mL + 3 mL
= 43 mL
 n HCl 2,5 mmol
C7 ¿ = = 0.0581 M
Vtot 43 mL
1 C 7 V HCl o +
¿ (
R 7 1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0581 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0257 ohm-1
8. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 43 mL + 3 mL
= 46 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C8 ¿ = = 0.0543 M
Vtot 46 mL
1 C 8 V HCl o +
¿ (
R 8 1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0543 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0240 ohm-1
9. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 46 mL + 3 mL
= 49 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C9 ¿ = = 0.0510 M
Vtot 49 mL
1 C 9 V HCl o +
¿ (
R 9 1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0510 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0226 ohm-1
10. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
 = 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 49 mL + 3 mL
= 52 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C10 ¿ = = 0.0480 M
Vtot 52 mL
1 C 10 V HCl o +
R 10
¿( )1000 V TE
( H + o Cl-)

0.0480 25 mL
1000 ( 24 mL )
-1
¿ (349.8 ohm + 76.3 ohm-1)

= 0.0212 ohm-1
11. n HCl = V HCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 52 mL + 3 mL
= 55 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C11 ¿ = = 0.0454 M
Vtot 55 mL
1 C 11 V HCl o +
R 11
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0454 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)

= 0.0201 ohm-1
12. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 55 mL + 3 mL
= 58 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C12 ¿ = = 0.0431 M
Vtot 58 mL
1 C 12 V HCl o +
R 12
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0431 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)
 = 0.0190 ohm-1
13. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 58 mL + 3 mL
= 61 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C13 ¿ = = 0.0409 M
Vtot 61 mL
1 C 13 V HCl o +
R 13
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0409 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)

= 0.0181 ohm-1
14. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 61 mL + 3 mL
= 64 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C14 ¿ = = 0.0390 M
Vtot 64 mL
1 C 14 V HCl o +
R 14
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0390 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)

= 0.0172 ohm-1
15. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 64 mL + 3 mL
= 67 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C15 ¿ = = 0.0373 M
Vtot 67 mL
 1 C 15 V HCl o +
R 15
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0373 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)

= 0.0165 ohm-1
16. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 67 mL + 3 mL
= 70 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C16 ¿ = = 0.0357 M
Vtot 70 mL
1 C 16 V HCl o +
R 16
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0357 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)

= 0.0158 ohm-1
17. n HCl = VHCl x [HCl]
= 25 mL x 0.1 M
= 2.5 mmol
Vtot = 70 mL + 3 mL
= 73 mL
n HCl 2.5 mmol
C17 ¿ = = 0.0342 M
Vtot 73 mL
1 C 17 V HCl o +
R 17
¿ (
1000 V TE )
( H + o Cl-)

0.0342 25 mL
¿ (
1000 24 mL )
(349.8 ohm-1 + 763 ohm-1)

= 0.0151 ohm-1

Graph the relation between volume of NaOH and Conductivity

 Graph the relation between volume of NaOH and
Conductivity
45
40
35 f(x) = − 0.15 x + 37.8
30 R² = 0.12
Conductivity

25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Volume of NaOH

D. DISCUSSION
Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara mengoperasikan alat
konduktometer dan daya hantar listrik suatu larutan. Konduktometri adalah suatu
metode analisis yang berdasarkan pada pengukuran daya hantar listrik suatu
larutan. Konduktivitas suatu larutan elektrolit bergantung pada ion-ion yang ada
dalam konsentrasinya (Tim Dosen Kimia Analitik Instrument, 2020).
Alat yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini yaitu konduktometer.
Konduktometer dapat menentukan daya hantar listrik suatu latutan dan mengukur
derajat ionisasi suatu larutan elektrolit. Konduktivitas suatu larutan elektrolit
bergantung pada ion-ion yang ada dalam konsentrasinya. Prinsip dasar dari
percoban ini yaitu pengukuran suatu daya hantar listrik serta subsitusi ion-ion
dengan suatu konduktivitas tertentu. Metode konduktometri ini digunakan untuk
menentukan titik ekuivalen suatu larutan dengan cara titrasi tanpa menggunakan
indikator tetapi berdasarkan konduktans terendah saat titrasi.
Metode konduktometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan titik ekivalen
suatu titrasi. Titrasi yang digunakan adalah titrasi konduktometri untuk asam kuat
dan basa kuat, dalam hal ini asam kuat dan basa kuat yang digunakan adalah HCl
dan NaOH yang man a kedua larutan asam basa ini adalah penghantar listrik yang
Larutan HCl dititrasi oleh NaOH. Daya hantar H + turun sampai titik ekivalen
tercapai, dalam hal ini jumlah H+ semakin berkurang didalam larutan, sedangkan
daya hantar OH- bertambah setelah titik ekivalen (TE) tercapai karena jumlah OH -
didalam larutan bertambah. Jumlah Cl- didalam larutan tidak berubah. Karena itu,
daya hantarnya konstan dengan penambahan NaOH. Dayah antar ion Na +
bertambah sesuai dengan jumlah ion Na+ (Tim Dosen Kimia Analitik Instrument,
2020: 22).
Mula-mula sel konduktansi dibilas dengan aquades, hal ini bertujuan agar
alatyang digunakan bebas dari ion-ion yang menggangu serta untuk menetralkan
alat sehingga tidak dipengaruhi oleh pengukuran sebelumnya. Pada percobaan ini
dilakukan penentuan titikekuivalen antara larutan HCl dan larutan NaOH dimana
kedua larutan ini merupakan penghantar listrik yang baik. Sebelum melakukan
pengukuran pertama-tam alat yang kita gunakan dikalibrasi terlebih dahulu hal ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan penggunaan alat tersebut.

Setelah itu larutan HCl di pipet kedala erlenmeyer untk diukur daya hantar
listriknya. Setelah dilakukan penggukuran daya hantar listrik larutan HCl dengan
volumen 25 mL diperoleh daya hantar listrik sebesar 33,9 µs.

Selanjutnya larutan HCl dititrasi dengan larutan NaOH. Tujuan dari titrasi ini
adalah untuk mengetahui nilai konduktansinya. Fungsi NaOH dan HCl sebagai
basa kuat dan asam kuat dimana kedua larutan ini adalah penghantar listrik yang
baik . Titrasi ini akan membuat suatu penggeseran anion dan digantikan oleh
anionnya. Ketika proses titrasi dilakukan, penambahan NaOH sangat berpengaruh.
Pada awal titrasi daya hantar H turun sampai titik ekuivalen tercapai, dalam hal
ini jumlah H+ makin berkurang di dalam larutan, sedangkan dayahantar OH-
bertambah setelah titik ekuivalen tercapai karena OH- didalam larutan bertambah.
Jumlah Cl- dalam larutan tidak berubah. Karena itu data hantarnya konstan dengan
penambahan NaOH. Daya hantar ion Na+ bertambah secara perlahan-lahan sesuai
dengan jumlah ion Na+ (Tim Dosen kimia Instrumen,2017: 22).

Dari hasil pengamatan diperoleh nilai daya hantar listrik pada penambahan
NaOH 3 mL, 6 mL,9 mL,12 mL,15 mL,18 mL,21 mL,24 mL,27 mL,30 mL,33
mL,36 mL,39 mL,42 mL,45 mL dan 48 mL dengan nilai konduktan berturut-turut
9.15 µs, 7.81 µs, 6.42 µs,5.97 µs,9.40 µs,13.84 µs, 4.44 µs, 4.6 µs,4.1 µs, 3.33 µs,

3.1 µs, 2.8 µs, 6.9 µs, 2.7 µs, 3.1 µs dan 1.0 µs. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan teori yang
mengatakan bahwa daya hantar listrik suatu larutan bergantung pada jenis dan
konsentrasi ion didalam suatu larutan. Dimana daya hantar listrik berhubungan
dengan pergerakan suatu ion didalam larutan ion yang mudah bergerak
mempunyai daya hantar listrik yang besar dan titik ekuivalen telah tercapai sekitar
volumen 24-27 mL (Khopkar, 2014:392).

I. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

1. Conclusion
 From the experimental results, it can be concluded that:
a. The results obtained indicate that the greater the concentration of an ion
in the solution, the greater the value of the conductivity because the more
ions from the solution touch the conducting cell. When the concentration
is lowered, the number of ions in the volume unit of the solvent will
decrease, so the conductance value will also decrease.
b. The working principle of the conductor is the part of the conductor
(electrode) is inserted into the solution and the conductor (electrode) will
capture the ions which then the result will be processed and produce a
conductive value.
2. Suggestion
For the next experiment,the apprentice, it is expected to master the basics
of introduction of the tool conductometer so that when the operation, no errors
and try to do calibration tool before use and to use the tool carefully to avoid fatal
damage to the tool and also so that the resulting data is good.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ayad, Magda , HishamAbdellatef, MervatHosny andYassminSharaf. 2016.

Conductometric Titration Method For Determination Of Etilefrine
Hydrochloride, FenoterolHydrobromide, And Pipazethate
Hydrochloride Using Silver Nitrate. Innovare Journal of Medical
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