3.

(a)
Answer: D. Earthquake
(b) Identify ONE characteristic of a hotspot
Answer: B. There is a plume of magma below the surface

(c)

(i) State ONE way people could prepare for an earthquake in a developed country.
• One of the most important ways for people in a developed country to prepare for an Earthquake is
to upgrade the Building structures to be earthquake proof. People can minimize the damage
caused by earthquakes on buildings by making older generation buildings to be earthquake proof
and to have a safe room, to be in during the earthquake. Building a strong body for building walls
made out of reinforced concrete can help in withstanding a major earthquake. Devices for
absorbing jolts and vibrations, known as shock absorbers, can be planted in the bases of
buildings. People can also purchase gas suppliers which automatically shut down when an
earthquake registers at or above a level that could damage equipment. This reduces the risks of
fire and explosions in a building.
Windows made from shatter proof glass
Bookshelves screwed to wall
Heavy objects attached tables and walls
Pictures screwed to walls rather than hung on nails
large furniture, mirrors, external walls and windows, kitchen cabinets, and anything heavy that isn't
bolted down.

In Japan, most modern building has been designed to withstand an earthquake with minimal damage,
however older buildings and landmarks are at risk due to their weak infrastructure and building design,
which puts people’s life into risk. Developing engineered structural designs that are able to resist the
forces generated by seismic wave

(ii) Explain ONE way short-term relief helps to reduce earthquake impacts in a developing
country.
(D) Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet.

Suggest TWO reasons for the differences in the numbers of people affected by earthquake disasters
shown in Figure 3a.
There is more damage and more deaths from earthquakes in other parts of the world primarily
because of buildings which are poorly designed and constructed for earthquake regions, and
population density.

Parents must prepare and educate their children about the places to take shelter. Families must
practice this in every room of the house, knowing the protected areas no matter where they are
when an earthquake hits. Good places to take cover would be under desks, tables, or strong door
frames. Once a person finds secure place, he/she must drop to the floor, take cover and hold on
firmly. He/she must be prepared for shaking and falling objects. They must stay away from large
furniture, mirrors, external walls and windows, kitchen cabinets, and anything heavy that isn't
bolted down. People must also be prepared for situations where there’s no cover at all. When
that time comes, they must lay on the floor next to an interior wall and protect their head and
neck.