a.

Phase diagrams are graphical representations of the phases present in an alloy at

different conditions of temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. Analyze
the phase diagram according the region state A, B and C.
(6 marks)

Iron – carbon phase diagram is used to understand the phases present in steel. It
is a binary system of iron and carbon. Next, it is also a map of phase changes occur
on very slow heating and cooling in relation to carbon. Besides that , the types of
alloy formed under very slow cooling , it shows the proper heat treatment
temperature for certain alloy composition, and the changes of properties for
steels and cast irons by heat treatment. In this system, carbon is an interstitial
impurity in iron (Ferum, Fe ). It forms a solid solution with ferrite , austenite and
delta phases of iron .

a. Complete Figure 1 below with a suitable label and the name of the diagram. (6 marks)
1. A – Cementite ( Fe3C) – cast iron
Cementite forms when the solubility limit of carbon in a ferrite is below 727◦C.
2. B – Austenite ( Υ )
The Austenite phase or known as Υ iron has maximum solubility of carbon of 2.14 wt% at
1147◦C

3. C – Ferrite ( α) – steel
Ferrite in alpha , a form has a BCC crystal structure .
C4 b. Analyze the phase diagram in Figure 1
Nyatakan apa maklumat yang blh diperolehi daripada graf
Contohnya
i. Rjah menunjukkan gambarjah fasa bagi Ni dan Copper. Paksi x mewakili peratusan komposisi
dan paksi y mewakili suhu bahan aloi.
(5 marks)

The temperature is plotted on y-axis and the composition of the alloy is plotted in the x-axis.
The pressure is assumed to be constant. In the left edge of the phase diagram represents pure
copper (Cu =100% , Ni= 0%), while the right side of edge represents pure nickel ( Cu=0% ,
Ni= 100%). Both edges indicate the melting points of copper and nickel respectively. For all
other points than these two edges, the system is a mixture of copper and nickel. The
composition of the alloy could be in the percentage of weight , atomic or mole fraction .

There are 3 different phases appear in the copper - nickel phase diagram which is :
1) Liquid phase (L) : homogeneous liquid solution consists copper and nickel .
2) Two phases ( L + α) : liquid solution mixed with a ( FCC solid solution of copper and
nickel )
3) Solid phase ( α ) : A phase of FCC substitutional solid solution consists both copper
and nickel .