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Traccion Y Compresion: La Barra Estructural
Traccion Y Compresion: La Barra Estructural
Y
COMPRESION
LA BARRA ESTRUCTURAL
ESFUERZOS NORMALES – VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL
Para la barra estructural, determinar el DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES y
LA VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL
SOLUCION
1.- ANALISIS ESTATICO
a) EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO: 1
𝑹𝑨 − 80 + 20 1.3 + 50 = 0
𝜮𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 2
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑻
b) EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:
𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq
80 − 𝒒𝒙 80 − 20
=
𝑥 1.3
80 − 𝒒𝒙 600
=
𝑥 13
600
𝒒𝒙 = 80 − 𝒙
13
ΣF𝑥 = 0:
𝑵𝒙𝟏 − 𝑹𝒙 + 𝑹𝑨 = 0
𝑥
𝑵𝒙𝟏 − 0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑹𝑨 = 0
𝑥 600
𝑵𝒙𝟏 − 0 (80 − 𝒙) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
13
𝑥 𝑥 600
𝑵𝒙𝟏 − 0 80 𝑑𝑥 + 0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
13
𝑥 600 𝒙𝟐 𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 − 80 𝑥 + + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
0 13 2 0
300 𝟐
𝑁𝑥1 − 80𝑥 + 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
13
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐
𝑵𝒙𝟏 = 𝟖𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓(𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐀 𝟐º 𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐎)
𝟏𝟑
𝟎. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟑 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq
ΣF𝑥 = 0:
𝑵𝒙𝟐 − 𝑹𝒙 + 𝑹𝑨 = 0
𝑥
𝑵𝒙𝟐 − 0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑹𝑨 = 0
𝑥 600
𝑵𝒙𝟐 − 0 (80 − 𝒙) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
13
𝑥 𝑥 600
𝑵𝒙𝟐 − 0 80 𝑑𝑥 + 0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
13
𝑥 600 𝒙𝟐 𝑥
𝑵𝒙𝟐 − 80 𝑥 + + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
0 13 2 0
300 𝟐
𝑵𝒙𝟐 − 80𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓 = 0
13
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐
𝑵𝒙𝟐 = 𝟖𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓(𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐀 𝟐º 𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐎)
𝟏𝟑
𝟏. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟑 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq
ΣF𝑥 = 0:
1
𝑵𝒙𝟑 − 80 + 20 1.3 +𝑹𝑨 = 𝟎
2
𝑵𝒙𝟑 − 65 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑻
𝟐. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟑 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 D − 𝐸 izq
ΣF𝑥 = 0:
1
𝑵𝒙𝟒 − 80 + 20 1.3 +𝑹𝑨 +𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎
2
𝑵𝒙𝟒 − 65 + 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎
𝑵𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎
2.- CALCULO DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES
𝑵𝒙
𝝈𝒙 =
𝑨𝒙
𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq
𝑻
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐 𝑥 = 0.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = −𝟖𝟔𝟕𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 2
m
𝑁𝑥1 𝟖𝟎𝒙− 𝒙 −𝟏𝟓
𝜎𝑥1 = 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑 si : 𝑥 = 0.25
𝑻
→ 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟔. 𝟒𝟕𝟎 2
𝐴1 𝟏.𝟕𝟑×𝟏𝟎−𝟑
m
𝑻
𝑥 = 0.50 → 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟓 2
m
𝟎. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟑 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq
𝑻
𝑥 = 0.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 2
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐 m
𝑁𝑥2 𝟖𝟎𝒙− 𝒙 −𝟏𝟓 𝑻
𝜎𝑥2 = 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑 si : 𝑥 = 0.90 → 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟓𝟒 2
m
𝐴2 𝟏.𝟐𝟕×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑻
𝑥 = 1.30 → 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = 𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 2
m
𝟏. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟑 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq
𝑁𝑥3 50 𝑻
𝜎𝑥3 = 𝜎𝑥3 = 𝝈𝒙𝟑 = 𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟐. 𝟖𝟖
𝐴3 1.18×10−3 m2
𝟐. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟑 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq
𝑁𝑥4 0
𝜎𝑥4 = 𝜎𝑥4 = 𝝈𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎
𝐴3 1.18×10−3
𝑁𝑥
∆𝐿= 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐴𝑥
T T T
𝐸𝐴1 = 2,1 × 107 2
∗ 1.73 × 10−3 m2 = 36330 T 𝐸𝐴2 = 2,1 × 107 2
∗ 1.27 × 10−3 m2 = 26670 T 𝐸𝐴3 = 2,1 × 107 2
∗ 1.18 × 10−3 m2 = 24780 T
m m m
1 1 1
∆𝐿 = 1.538 + 29.662 + 50 1
36330 26670 24780
∆𝐿 = 3.172 × 10−3 m
∆𝑳 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟕𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ALARGAMIENTO
Para la barra estructural, determinar el DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES y
LA VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL
SOLUCION
1.- ANALISIS ESTATICO
a) EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:
1
𝜮𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: −𝑅𝐴 + 𝝎1 − 25 + 𝝎2 + 75 − 50 + 20 2.5 + 𝝎3 + 5 = 0 … . 𝒆1
2
Donde:
T 2 1.0 m
𝜔1 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝐴1 ∗ ℎ1 = 7.5 0.25 ∗ 0.075 m 𝝎𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟏 𝐓
m3
T 1
𝜔2 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝐴2 ∗ ℎ2 = 7.5 3 0.25 + 0.45 0.075m2 5.0 m 𝝎𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟒 𝐓
m 2
T
𝜔3 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝐴3 ∗ ℎ3 = 7.5 0.45 ∗ 0.075 m2 2.5 m 𝝎𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟑 𝐓
m3
1
−𝑅𝐴 + 0.141 − 25 + 0.984 + 75 − 50 + 20 2.5 + 0.633 + 5 = 0
2
𝑹𝑨 = −𝟑𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟐 𝑻
b) EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:
𝐵 𝐵
𝑁𝑥 = 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑞(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝛾 𝐴(𝑋) 𝑑𝑥
𝐴 𝐴
𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq
𝐵 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = 𝑃𝑥 + 𝛾 𝐴(𝑋) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑅𝐴 − 𝛾 𝐴1 𝑑𝑥 = −30.742 − 𝛾𝐴1 𝑑𝑥 = −30.742 − 𝛾𝐴1 𝑥
0
𝐴 0 0
𝟏. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟓 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq
𝐵 𝑥
EL Área será:
𝐴 𝑥 = 0.075(𝑏𝑥 )
1 𝒃𝒙 − 0.25
=
25 𝒙−1
1
𝑥 = 1.0 → 𝒃𝒙 = 1 − 1 + 0.25 → 𝒃𝒙 = 0.25
𝑠𝑖: 25
1 1
𝒃𝒙 = 𝒙 − 1 + 0.25 𝑥 = 6.0 → 𝒒𝒙 = 𝟔 − 1 + 0.25 → 𝒃𝒙 = 0.45
25 25
1
Reemplazando: 𝐴 𝑥 = 0.075 𝒙 − 1 + 0.25
25
𝑥
1
𝑁𝑥2 = −30.742 − 0.141 + 25 − 𝛾 0.075 𝒙 − 1 + 0.25 𝑑𝑥
25
1.0
𝑥
2
1 1 𝒙−1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = −5.883 − 0.075𝛾 𝒙 − 1 + 0.25 𝑑𝑥 = −5.883 − 0.075𝛾 + 0.25 𝑥
25 25 2 1 1
1.0
1 𝒙−1 2 1 𝒙−1 2
𝑁𝑥2 = −5.883 − 0.075𝛾 + 0.25 𝑥 = −5.883 − 0.075(7.5) + 0.25 𝑥 − 1
25 2 25 2
𝑁𝑥2 = −0.01125 𝒙 − 1 2 − 0.14062(𝑥 − 1) − 5.883
𝟑. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔. 𝟎 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq
𝐵 𝐵 𝑥 𝑥
𝒙 − 3.5 2
2 𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = −0.0113𝒙 − 0.1181𝒙 − 80.754 + 50 𝑥 − 12
3.5 2 3.5
𝑁𝑥3 = −0.0113𝒙2 − 0.1181𝒙 − 80.754 + 50 𝑥 − 3.5 − 6 𝒙 − 3.5 2
𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq
𝑻
𝑥 = 0.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = −𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟗. 𝟓𝟕𝟑
m2
−𝟑𝟎.𝟕𝟒𝟐−𝟎.𝟏𝟒𝟏𝒙 𝑻
𝜎𝑥1 =
𝑁𝑥1 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = si : 𝑥 = 0.50 → 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = −𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 2
m
𝐴1 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝑻
𝑥 = 1.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟏 = −𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟗𝟑 2
m
𝟏. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟓 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq
1
𝐴 𝑥 = 0.075 𝒙 − 1 + 0.25 = 0.003𝒙 + 0.01575
25
𝑻
𝑥 = 1.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = −𝟑𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟏 2
m
𝑁𝑥2 −𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟎.𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟏𝒙−𝟓.𝟕𝟓𝟒
𝜎𝑥2 =
𝑻
𝝈𝒙𝟐 = si : 𝑥 = 2.25 → 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = −𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 2
m
𝐴(𝑥) 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒙+𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟓 𝑻
𝑥 = 3.50 → 𝝈𝒙𝟐 = −𝟐𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟎 2
m
𝟑. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔. 𝟎 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq
1
𝐴 𝑥 = 0.075 𝒙 − 1 + 0.25 = 0.003𝒙 + 0.01575
25
𝑻
𝑥 = 3.50 → 𝝈𝒙𝟑 = −𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟔𝟑
m2
𝑁𝑥3 −𝟔.𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟗𝟏.𝟖𝟖𝟏𝟗𝒙−𝟑𝟐𝟗.𝟐𝟓𝟒
𝜎𝑥3 = 𝝈𝒙𝟑 = si :
𝑻
𝑥 = 4.75 → 𝝈𝒙𝟑 = −𝟗𝟒𝟖. 𝟏𝟔𝟒 2
𝐴(𝑥) 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒙+𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟓 m
𝑻
𝑥 = 6.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 2
m
𝟔. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟖. 𝟓 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 D − E izq
𝑻
𝑥 = 6.00 → 𝝈𝒙𝟒 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟕𝟔𝟕 2
m
𝑁𝑥4 −𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟏𝒙+𝟐.𝟏𝟓𝟐
𝜎𝑥4 = 𝝈𝒙𝟒 = si :
𝑻
𝑥 = 7.25 → 𝝈𝒙𝟒 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟗𝟑 2
𝐴3 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕𝟓 m
𝑻
𝑥 = 8.50 → 𝝈𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗 2
m
T T T
𝐸 = 2,75 × 107 𝐸𝐴1 = 2,75 × 107 2
∗ 0.01875m2 = 515625 T 𝐸𝐴3 = 2,75 × 107 ∗ 0.03375m2 = 928125 T
m2 m m 2
1 1 1 1
∆𝐿= −30.812 + −680.912 + −2798.617 + 0.792
515625 2,75×107 2,75×107 928125
∆𝐿 = −1.854 × 10−4 m