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  • Ophthalmology - Embryology

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    Oscar Daniel Mendez
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    The development of the eye begins around 3 weeks of gestation and is completed by 9-10 weeks. Key structures that develop include the optic vesicles from neuroectoderm, lens vesicles from surface ectoderm, and surrounding mesenchyme from neural crest cells and mesoderm. The optic pit forms at the junction of the prosencephalon and diencephalon, deepening to the optic sulcus and invaginating to form the optic vesicle which grows toward the lens placode. The optic cup and lens vesicle form from these structures. Failure of the embryonic fissure to fuse results in coloboma.

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    Ophthalmology_ Embryology

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    Ophthalmology_ Embryology

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    The development of the eye begins around 3 weeks of gestation and is completed by 9-10 weeks. Key structures that develop include the optic vesicles from neuroectoderm, lens vesicles from surface ectoderm, and surrounding mesenchyme from neural crest cells and mesoderm. The optic pit forms at the junction of the prosencephalon and diencephalon, deepening to the optic sulcus and invaginating to form the optic vesicle which grows toward the lens placode. The optic cup and lens vesicle form from these structures. Failure of the embryonic fissure to fuse results in coloboma.

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    13 views3 pages

    Ophthalmology - Embryology

    Uploaded by

    Oscar Daniel Mendez
    The development of the eye begins around 3 weeks of gestation and is completed by 9-10 weeks. Key structures that develop include the optic vesicles from neuroectoderm, lens vesicles from surface ectoderm, and surrounding mesenchyme from neural crest cells and mesoderm. The optic pit forms at the junction of the prosencephalon and diencephalon, deepening to the optic sulcus and invaginating to form the optic vesicle which grows toward the lens placode. The optic cup and lens vesicle form from these structures. Failure of the embryonic fissure to fuse results in coloboma.

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    Embryology

    Development of eye

    Starts at 3rd week ( day 22 ) POG ( period of gestation ) & completing at 9-10 weeks

    8 somites

    Gene responsible is PAX 6 gene

    Structures
    Neural plate
    1. Optic vesicles Neuro ectoderm
    2. Lens vesicles Surface ectoderm PLACODE
    3. Surrounding mesenchyme Neural crest
    4. Visceral mesoderm Mesoderm Thickening Optic pit

    Neural plate

    Thickening (Placode ) at junction of prosencephalon & diencephalon

    Small depression known as optic pit


    Optic sulcus

    Optic sulcus

    Optic vesicle Neuroectoderm

    Elongates & grows towards surface ectoderm


    Thickening known as Lens Placode
    Optic vesicle
    Surface ectoderm
    Pit

    Optic nerve
    Sulcus

    Optic
    Optic stalk Vesicle Lens vesicle

    Neuroectoderm

    Optic Lens
    Optic stalk Vesicle Vesicle

    Pigmented

    Outer layer
    It forms pigmented layers of Retina
    Ciliary body Pigmented epithelium
    Iris
    Optic cup

    Lens
    Neuroectoderm
    Optic stalk Vesicle r Inner layer of retina know as neurosensory retina
    aye
    er l
    Inn Secondary vitreous
    Ciliary zonules ( tertiary vitreous )
    Smooth muscles of iris
    Optic cup grows superiorly and laterally over lens vesicle

    Therefore it is deficient inferio nasally know as Choroidal or embryonic fissure = obliterate at Day 33-35

    Failure to fuse = Cologoma ( Absence of tissue )

    Typical coloboma present inferio nasally

    Neural Surrounding mesenchyme ( NC )


    tube

    Outer / fibrous Inner / vascular

    Anterior Posterior Anterior Posterior

    Cornea Sclera Iris Ciliary body Choroid

    Stroma Stroma
    +
    Ciliary muscle

    Development of eye

    Ectoderm Mesoderm

    Surface ectoderm Neuroectoderm 1 vitreous


    ( Neural plate ) Chorio capillaries
    Lens Sclera ( only temporal part )
    Epithelium of conjuctiva Non keratinised
    RPE Blood supply
    squamous Retina
    Epithelium of cornea epithelium
    Neuro sensory
    Epithelium of lacrimal apparatus Ligaments
    Optic nerve
    Lacrimal gland Epithelium of ciliary body Extra ocular muscles ( 7 pairs )
    Epithelium of iris Vascular endothelium of eye and orbit
    2 & 3 vitreous
    Smooth muscles of iris

    Normally muscles are developed from mesoderm


    Extra ocular muscles are developed from mesoderm

    Neural crest

    Mesenchymal Neural

    Orbit bony part Schwann cells


    connective tissue
    Melanocytes
    Trabecular meshwork

    Stroma Cornea
    Sclera ( all except Temporal )
    Iris
    Ciliary body
    Choroid

    Ciliary muscle

    Corneal endothelium

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