FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BENG (HONS) MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (3+0)

IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND

MAY 2021
FINAL EXAMINATION

EAT 223
THERMOFLUIDS AND ENGINES

DURATION: 1 HOUR

DATE: TIME:

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT: STEAM TABLE

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. This paper has FOUR (4) questions. Answer TWO (2) questions from both Section A
and Section B.

2. This is a closed book examination – this means you are not permitted to use any
textbooks or study aids in the examination.

3. You are forbidden to use programmable calculator or dictionaries

4. You must answer the required number of questions only. Any additional answer will not
be marked

5. You should put a cross through any work you do not wish to be marked.
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DO NOT REMOVE THIS EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER FROM THE

EXAMINATION HALL
Section A: Answer only ONE (1) out of TWO (2) questions

QUESTION 1

A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 16.6 kPa, at a location where the atmospheric
pressure is 100 kPa. Inside the chamber, air is flowing over a 2.5 m × 5 m flat plate, at
temperature of 25°C (μ = 1.849× 10-5 kg/m·s). The velocity of the air is measured to be 9 m/s.
Note that if air flows parallel to either sides of the plate to become turbulent, the plate is not
long enough to neglect laminar region due to its dimension. Determine:

(a) Density of the air.

(5 Marks)
(b) Drag force on the top surface of the plate if the air flows parallel to the side = 5 m.
(10 Marks)
(c) Drag force on the top surface of the plate if the air flows parallel to the side = 2.5 m.
(10 Marks)
[TOTAL: 25 Marks]

Azhari, SCSJ
EAT 223 May 2021

QUESTION 2

A tanker is to be filled with fuel oil (ρ = 920 kg/m3 and μ = 0.045 kg/m·s) from an
underground reservoir using a 25 m long, 4-cm-diameter plastic hose with a slightly rounded
entrance (KL = 0.12) and two 90° smooth bends ( KL = 0.3). The elevation difference between
the oil level in the reservoir and the top of the tanker where the hose is discharged is 5 m. The
capacity of the tanker is 18 m 3 and the filling time is 30 min. Taking the kinetic energy
correction factor at the hose discharge to be 1.05 and assuming an overall pump efficiency of
82 percent, determine:

(a) Reynolds number (Re).

(5 Marks)
(b) Friction factor (f). Show it in the Moody diagram.
(5 Marks)
(c) Total head loss (hL,total).
(5 Marks)
(d) Head of the pump (hpump).
(5 Marks)
(e) Required brake horsepower to the pump (bhp).
(5 Marks)
[TOTAL: 25 Marks]

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Moody Diagram

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Section B: Answer only ONE (1) out of TWO (2) questions

Azhari, SCSJ
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QUESTION 3

In a section of a wall, the thermal conductivities of various materials are used, in W/m · °C,
which are kA =2, kB = 8, kC = 20, kD = 15, kE = 35 and kF = 2. The left and right surfaces of the
wall are maintained at uniform temperatures of 300°C and 100°C, respectively. Disregard
any contact resistances at the interfaces and assume the heat transfer through the wall to be
one-dimensional. Determine:

(a) Total thermal resistance for the section (Rtotal). Show the thermal resistance network.
(10 Marks)
(b) Rate of heat transfer through the section (Q̇).
(5 Marks)
(c) Temperature at the point where the sections B, D, and E meet.
(5 Marks)
(d) Temperature drop across the section F.
(5 Marks)
[TOTAL: 25 Marks]

QUESTION 4
Azhari, SCSJ
EAT 223 May 2021

A 12 m long section of a 10 cm-diameter steam pipe is completely exposed to the ambient

air. The temperature measurements indicate that the average temperature of the outer surface
of the steam pipe is 75°C when the ambient temperature is 5°C. There are also light winds in
the area at 10 km/h. The emissivity of the outer surface of the pipe is 0.8, the Stefan-
Boltzmann constant is 5.67×10-8 W/m2·K4 and the average temperature of the surfaces
surrounding the pipe, including the sky, is estimated to be 0°C. Determine

(a) Thermal conductivity (k), kinematic viscosity (v) and Prandtl number (Pr) for air, using
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure.
(5 Marks)
(b) Reynolds number (Re).
(5 Marks)
(c) Nusselt number (Nu).
(5 Marks)
(d) Rate of heat loss by convection (Q̇ conv ).
(5 Marks)
(e) Rate of heat loss by radiation (Q̇ rad ), and total rate of heat loss (Q̇ total).
(5 Marks)
[TOTAL: 25 Marks]

Properties of air at 1 atm pressure

Azhari, SCSJ
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END OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS PAPE

Azhari, SCSJ
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Azhari, SCSJ
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Azhari, SCSJ
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Azhari, SCSJ