CSC371 Database Systems 1 Lecture#

Credit Hours: 4 (3+1)

Teacher: Mr. Amjad Usman
CUI WAH Email: amjadusman@ciitwah.edu.pk

File System vs Database Systems

Outline
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 File-based system
 Data redundancy
 Data Inconsistency
 Program data dependency
 Data Sharing
 Data Security
 Database Approach
 Comparison of File System and Database System
 Career opportunities

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 Sayings of Quran
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Traditional File Processing Systems
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Traditional File Processing systems

Data is stored in flat files
Each file has a specific format (csv, txt, json, tsv, doc, xls, etc.)
Programs that use these files depend on knowledge about
those file format

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Basic Terminologies of File Processing System
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Traditional File Processing Systems
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File

Field Data

record

Metadata

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Traditional File Processing Systems
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Order Department Accounting Department HR Department

Program Program Program Program Program Program

A B A B A B

Order Filling System Invoicing System Payroll System

Customer Orders Customer Invoice Employee Salaries

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Limitations of File Processing
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Major limitations are

Program-Data Dependency
 All programs maintain metadata for each file they use
 The program needs to be changed if there is change in data format

Data redundancy
 Different systems/programs have separate copies of the same data

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Data Redundancy
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Problems with Data Redundancy
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 Waste of space by storing Order Department Accounting Department HR Department

duplicate data Progra Progra Progra Progra Progra Progra

mA mB mA mB mA mB
 Causes more
maintenance issues
Order Filling System Invoicing System Payroll System

Customer Invoice Employ GP

Customer Orders
ee Fund
The biggest problem:
Data changes in one file rather all files cause data inconsistency
Compromises in data integrity

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Data Inconsistency
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Limitations of File Processing
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Limited Data Sharing & lack of security

 No centralized control of data
No standards used
Lengthy Development Times
 Programmers must design their own file formats
Excessive Program Maintenance
 80% of information systems budget

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The Database Approach
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Central repository of shared data

Data is managed by a controlling agent
Data is stored in a standard format

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Database System vs File System
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Database Management System (DBMS)
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 A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled

access to user databases

Order Filing
System Database

Invoicing contains
System DBMS Employee data
Order data
Inventory data
Payroll Product data
System Customer data

DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources

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Database Management System (DBMS)
manages interaction b/w end user and the database CUI WAH

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Career Opportunities
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Thank You So Much