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Chapter 08 DNA Structure and Function
Chapter 08 DNA Structure and Function
Multiple Choice
1. How successful is the technique of cloning adult mammals by implanting DNA into donor eggs?
a. Few embryos survive until birth, and of those that do, many have serious health
problems.
b. About half of the embryos survive until birth, but many of these die before adulthood.
c. Of the embryos that survive until birth, health outcomes are predictable.
d. Most embryos survive, but are not able to reproduce as adults.
e. Most embryos survive and lead healthy adult lives.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.1 A Hero Dog’s Golden Clones
LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.8.10 - Examine the potential advantages and
IVES: disadvantages of cloning organisms.
3. Which structures have the same length, shape, and centromere location?
a. karyotypes
b. histones
c. bacteriophages
d. nucleosomes
e. autosome
pairs
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8. 5 - Determine the structure of DNA.
e. 92
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes
LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.8.6 - Examine the role played by DNA sequence in the
IVES: diversity of organisms.
6. Fred Griffith's experiment, in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrated that _____.
a. pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms
b. harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria
transformation factor
c. pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into
killer strains
d. dead cells lose their genetic information
e. DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
Figure 8.3
Answer the following questions about Griffith’s experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.
7. If an injection to the mouse contains live S strain Streptococcus pneumonia, ____.
a. the mouse will die
b. live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood
c. the mouse will live
d. no live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood
e. the live S strain bacteria will lose their
pathogenicity
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
8. If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain Streptococcus pneumonia, _____.
a. the mouse will die
b. live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood
c. the mouse will live
d. no live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood
e. the live R strain bacteria will develop pathogenicity
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
9. If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain and heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumonia, ____.
a. the mouse will live
b. the mouse will became fatally ill and live S strain bacteria will be detected in its
blood
c. the mouse's blood will contain live pathogenic R strain bacteria
d. the dead S strain bacteria will transform to live R strain bacteria
e. DNA from the live R strain bacteria will revive the dead S strain bacteria
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
10. Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to
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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
the extract.
a. protein transfer
b. mRNA-degrading
c. tRNA-degrading
d. DNA-degrading
e. nucleic transfer
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
11. Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing harmless (R) bacteria to lethal (S)
bacteria?
a. Avery and McCarty
b. Griffith
c. Chargaff
d. Hershey and Chase
e. Pauling
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
Figure 8.4
12. The accompanying figure represents the research of which scientist(s)?
a. Delbrück
b. Avery and McCarty
c. Chagraff
d. Luria
e. Hershey and Chase
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.4
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
32 35
14. The Hershey and Chase experiments, in which radioactive phosphorus ( P) and radioactive sulfur ( S) were used,
demonstrated that ____.
a. DNA labeled with 35S and proteins labeled with 32P can be traced over the course of
an experiment
b. DNA labeled with 32P is transferred from the bacteriophage to the virus
c. proteins labeled with 35S become deactivated and unable to be transferred
d. bacteriophages transfer their DNA, not their coat proteins, into their hosts
e. DNA may be the hereditary material, although bacteriophages transfer both DNA and
proteins into their hosts
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
15. If a mixture of bacteriophages, some labeled with radioactive sulfur and others labeled with radioactive phosphorus, is
placed in a bacterial culture, the bacteria will eventually contain ____.
a. primarily radioactive sulfur
b. primarily radioactive phosphorus
c. both radioactive sulfur and phosphorus
d. neither radioactive sulfur nor radioactive
phosphorus
e. complete viruses with radioactive sulfur coats
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
16. The experiments that clearly distinguished DNA and not protein as the hereditary material were conducted by _____.
a. Pauling
b. Hershey and Chase
c. Griffith
d. Watson and Crick
e. Avery
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
20. ____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical, as are
the amounts of cytosine and guanine.
a. Avery; base-pair
b. Griffith, double helix
c. Chargaff; base-pair
d. Chase; double helix
e. Pauling; base-pair
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
23. Which discovery was determined about DNA from x-ray diffraction data?
a. DNA is uniform in length.
b. DNA is short and narrow.
c. DNA has a repeating pattern.
d. DNA molecules are flat.
e. DNA molecules are round.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
24. Each DNA double helix has a backbone that consists of alternating ____.
a. covalent and ionic bonds
b. nitrogen-containing bases
c. hydrogen bonds
d. sugar and phosphate molecules
e. covalent and hydrogen bonds
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
26. In a 3-D double helix model of DNA, the center consists of ____.
a. deoxyribose sugars
b. hydrogen bonds
c. nucleotide base pairs
d. phosphate groups
e. sugar–phosphate backbones
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication
LEARNING OBJECTIV UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a
ES: diagram.
Figure 8.11.
30. The accompanying figure best illustrates ____.
a. DNA repair
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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
b. semiconservative replication
c. the action of the ligases
d. the binding of initiator proteins
e. DNA hybridization
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.11
LEARNING OBJECTIV UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a
ES: diagram.
ES: diagram.
40. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used to create human embryos for research purposes in ____.
a. embryo cloning
b. embryo splitting
c. therapeutic cloning
d. artificial twinning
e. stem cell cloning
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
Matching
42. Chargaff
ANSWER: f
43. Franklin
ANSWER: h
44. Griffith
ANSWER: a
46. Wilkins
ANSWER: g
47. Miescher
ANSWER: b
ANSWER: d
Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
49. Erwin Chargaff's data indicates that within a species, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of this
nucleotide.
ANSWER: d
50. This nucleotide is not incorporated into the structure of the DNA helix.
ANSWER: e
52. If one chain of a DNA molecule has a purine at a given position, this nucleotide complements it on the other chain.
ANSWER: c
Completion
54. Experiments with bacteria and ____________________ offered solid evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), not
protein, is the hereditary material.
ANSWER: bacteriophages
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA
TIVES: carries hereditary information.
55. A free nucleotide has a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), ____________________ phosphate group(s), and one of four
nitrogen-containing bases.
ANSWER: one; 1
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
Essay
59. A bacterium undergoes four rounds of replication. How many cells would result, and how many of those cells would
still have part of an original DNA strand from the starting bacterium?
ANSWER: After four rounds of replication there would be 16 cells. Of those 16 cells,
only two would have an original DNA strand.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication
LEARNING OBJ UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a
ECTIVES: diagram.