1) a) KCL at A, I1 + I2 =12

KCL at B, (I1 + 5) + (I2 – 10) = I1 + I2 – 5 = 12 – 5 = 7A

b) Applying KVL in the loop BCDEFAB,

𝑉𝐴𝐵 − 10 + 20 − 5 − 20 + 10 = 0
Hence 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 5𝑉

Now applying KVL in loop AFEGA and GEDG in turn, we have 𝐼1 = 0.5𝐴
And, applying KVL in loop EFDE we have 𝐼2 = 3𝐴.

Hence 𝐼5𝑉 = −3.5𝐴

2) a) Using KVL in loop of I1 : 5i1 – 2i2 = –1 (1)

using KVL in loop of I2 : –2i1 + 5i2 – i3 = 0 (2)

using KVL in loop of I3 : –i2 + 4i3 = 5 (3)

solving (1), (2), (3), we have i1 = –0.1139A ; i2 = 0.2152A ; i3 = 1.3038A

Hence, I1 = i2 – i1 = 0.33A

b) Using KCL at node a : –1.5v1 + v2 = –2 (1)

using KCL at node b : v1 – 2.834v2 + 0.5v3 = –0.67 (2)

using KCL at node c : – 5v1 – 0.5v2 + 1.5v3 = –1 (3)

solving (1), (2), (3), we have v1 = 2.0009V ; v2 = 1.004V ; v3 = 0.3341V

Hence, I1 = (v2 – v3)/2 = 0.33A
c) Power delivered by 1A source : 1A x v1 = 2.2025 W
Power delivered by 2V source connected to node 3 : 2v x (-i2) = 0.228 W
Power delivered by 2V source connected to ground node : 2v x (i4-i1) = 0.608W
Power received by 2 ohm resistor connected to node 1 : (i2)2 x 2 = 0.026 W
Power received by 1 ohm resistor connected to node 1 and 2 : (i1 -i2)2 x 1 = 1.241 W
Power received by 2 ohm resistor connected to node 2 and 3 : (I1)2 x 2 = 0.217 W
Power received by 2 ohm resistor connected to node 3 and ground : (i3)2 x 2 = 0.093 W
Power received by 1 ohm resistor connected to node 2 and ground : (i3 - i4)2 x 2 = 1.184 W
Power received by 1 ohm resistor in the branch between node 2 and ground: (i1 - i4)2 x 1=
0.092 W
Power received by 2 ohm resistor in the branch between node 2 and ground: (i1 - i4)2 x 2=
0.186 W
Power delivered= 3.039 W ; Power received = 3.039 W

3) Removing the current source and performing star delta conversion:

8

4
4

(a) (b)
Equivalent resistance across 2V source = 3 ohm
current through 2v source = 2/3 amp
Current through 4 ohm resistor (of figure Q.3(a)) can be obtained by current division
rule:
I4ohm = 0.22 A (due to only 2v source)
Current through 4ohm resistor due to only current source according to the mentioned
polarity is.
 A B

8

4
4

(c)

Req= 0.963ohm ;
Applying current division rule current through 4ohm resistor between A and B is -
0.22 A. (According to the mentioned polarity)
Therefore, net current through the mentioned resistor is -0.22+ 0.185=0.035A (Ans)

(b) Norton’s Theorem

A RN B

8

4
4

(d)

Norton’s resistance = 1.6842 ohm

A IN B

8

4
4

(e)
Node A and B are shorted. Therefore, applying nodal analysis at A:
VA = 1.5 volt, Therefore, IN=0.125 A.
Norton’s equivalent network is
A
1.68

0.125 4
amp
B
Fig. Q3 (f)

Current through the 4ohm resistor is: 0.125 x 1.6842 /(4+ 1.6842) = 0.037 A
 Applying Norton’s equivalent across the branch having 2V source & 1 ohm resistor:

Current through 2 V source = 2- 3 x i - 2/3 = 0

 i = 0.444 A
Power delivered by 2 V source = 0.889 W (Ans)

Applying Norton’s equivalent across 1A source:

Using nodal analysis: V=1.4704 volt;

Power delivered by 1A source = 1.4074 watt (Ans)

4) Open circuiting R, the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance, RTH = 10Ω and VTH = 14V.
b) Rmax = RTH = 10Ω.
c) current through R, IR = 14/(10+10). Hence Pmax = IR2 Rmax = 4.9W

5) a) Applying KVL in loop ABCDEA we have : 2I1 – 6I2 + 3I3 = -1 (1)

Applying KVL in loop FABF we have : I2 = 2A (2)
 From the circuit, I3 – I1 = 2 (3)

Solving (1), (2), (3), we have : I1 = 1A, I2 = 2A, I3 = 3A

b) Power absorbed by the 10V source = I3*10 = 30W.

6) After simplifying the circuit as shown, node voltage analysis is done at node with node
voltage V1 . Applying KCL we get,
𝑉1 −5 𝑉
+ 151 + 𝑖𝐿 = 0 (1)
2.5
𝑑𝑖𝐿
Where, 𝑉1 = 5𝑖𝐿 + 2 𝑑𝑡

Hence substituting V1 in (1), we get,

𝑑𝑖𝐿
4.2857 = 7.143𝑖𝐿 +
𝑑𝑡

And,
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = 0.6 + 0.07𝑒 −3.571𝑡

Hence,
𝑣𝐿 (𝑡) = −0.478𝑒 −3.571𝑡

7) a) After closing the switch the branch is shorted. Hence we have

𝑑𝑖
4𝑖𝐿 + 𝐿 𝑑𝑡𝐿 = 0 (1)
Solving (1) with the initial condition 𝑖𝐿 (0) = 6.67𝐴,
We get,
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = 6.67𝑒 −4𝑡 (2)

After closing the switch, 𝑖1 = 0 𝐴, as the branch is shorted. Hence,

𝑖2 (𝑡) = 10 − 𝑖𝐿 = 10 − 6.67𝑒 −4𝑡 (3)

1
Also, 𝑤𝐿 (𝑡) = 2 𝐿𝑖𝐿2 = −177.8𝑒 −8𝑡 (4)

b) From equations (1) to (4),

 𝑖1 (20) = 0 𝐴 ; 𝑖2 (20) = 10𝐴 ; 𝑖𝐿 (20) = 0𝐴

30
8) a) 𝑖1 (0+ ) = = 2𝐴. Applying KVL to the inductor circuit,
10+5

𝑑𝑖𝐿 3∗6
4 + 𝑖 =0 (1)
𝑑𝑡 3+6 𝐿
Solving (1) with the initial condition 𝑖𝐿 (0+ ) = 3𝐴,
We get,
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = 3𝑒 −0.5𝑡 (2)

3
Hence, 𝑖2 (0+ ) = − 9 𝑖𝐿 (0+ ) = −1𝐴 ; 𝑣0 (0+ ) = 6𝑖2 (0+ ) = −6𝑉

b) 𝑖2 (∞) = 0𝐴 ; 𝑣0 (0+ ) = 0𝑉 ; 𝑖1 (∞) = 2𝐴.

c) 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = 3𝑒 −0.5𝑡 already found.

𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖𝐿
d) 1 (0+ ) = ∞ ; 2 (0+ ) = 0.5𝐴/𝑠; (0+ ) = −1.5𝐴/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

9) For t<0(Fig.9.1): the voltage across capacitor is Vc(0-)=12V which will be same as
Vc(0+)

For t>0(Fig 9.2) :

R=500kΩ, C=2 mF so ꚍ=RC=1000sec
 Vc(0)=12V
Vc(∞)=0(if further switching won’t happen)
𝑡
𝑉𝑐 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑐 (∞) + ((𝑉𝑐 (0) − 𝑉𝑐 (∞))𝑒 −𝜏 )
𝒕
a.𝑽𝒄 (𝒕 > 𝟎) = 𝟏𝟐𝒆−𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

For t>1sec (Fig 9.3):

R=1kΩ,=2mF
ꚍ=RC=2sec
Vc(t=1-)=12e-1/1000=11.988V=Vc(1+)
Vc(∞)=0
𝐭−𝟏
𝐕𝐜 (𝐭) = 𝐕𝐜 (∞) + ((𝐕𝐜 (𝟎) − 𝐕𝐜 (∞))𝐞− 𝛕 )
𝐭−𝟏
𝐕𝐜 (𝐭 > 𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟖𝟖𝐞− 𝟐

𝑑𝑉𝑐 (0+ ) −12

B. = 1000Volt/sec
𝑑𝑡
1
𝑑𝑉𝑐 (1− ) −12 −11.988
= 1000 𝑒 −1000 = Volt/sec
𝑑𝑡 1000

𝑑𝑉𝑐 (1+ ) −11.988 − 1−1 −11.988

= 𝑒 1000 = Volt/sec
𝑑𝑡 1000 1000

10) Applying node voltage analysis, we have

𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)−40 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)

+ + = 𝑖𝑐 (𝑡) where 𝑖𝑐 (𝑡) = 0.1
20 100 50 𝑑𝑡

Hence solving for 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) we get,

 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) = 25 + 58.375𝑒 −0.8𝑡
Also,
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)/100 = 0.25 + 0.58375𝑒 −0.8𝑡

𝑑𝑣𝑐 𝑑𝑖
b) Hence, (0+ ) = −47.07 𝑉 ⁄𝑠 ; (0+ ) = −0.47𝐴/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡