GRAMÁTICA INGLESA

II
Juan Santana Lario
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20243
Fax 958 243678.

GRAMÁTICA INGLESA II. Unit 3: Adverbials. Worksheet 3.3

I. Disjuncts: identify the Disjuncts, notice their formal realization and position and classify them as ‘Style’ or ‘Content’:

1. Honestly, I didn’t think Herman would join the army

7. Nobody is perfect, of course.
2. To be blunt, he is not the intellectual sort.
8. The river is receding, which is lucky.
3. Is it likely, if we can be serious for a moment, that people will buy
9. Obviously, nobody explectd us to be here.
a three-wheeled car?
4. In your frank opinion, where is the best place to live?
10. They arrived, to our surprise, before we did.
11. A burnt child naturally dreads the fire.
5. Hopefully, the tightrope-walker will walk certainly across the
narrow wire. 12. To his amazement, somebody moved into the haunted house
6. Certainly, the explorer will be looking hopefully for the lost 13. Admittedly we have too many pets.
city.

II. Disjuncts and other Adverbials: add the adverbs shown, in the best place to give the meanings indicated:

1. Understandably: She was very upset. (I can understand that)

a. .
b. .

2. Frankly:
a. It isn’t easy for some people to talk to their friends and families about their problems. (They find it difficult to discuss their
feelings)
.

b. I don’t know why I sit here drinking with you. (If I say what I thing, that’s how I feel)
.

3. Truthfully:
a. He had tried to write a letter that described what it was like here (He wanted the description to be fair and accurate)
.

b. It was fairly obvious that he didn’t want me any more: and I didn’t want him any more either. (I’m telling the truth when I say this).
.

4. Honestly:
a. I’ll go if you like. I don’t mind. (It is really true that I don’t mind)
.

b. Dealing with feelings, on the other hand, can help bring the family close together. (The discussions need to be honest.
.

5. Generally:
a. Scarcely three centuries have elapsed since it has been accepted that, indeed, the Earth does move. (Before that only a few people
took this view)
.

b. The poor have been in favour of greater equality. (Well, the usually have!)
.

c. They felt they had to watch the film before it was shown. (Before in was shown to the public)
.

6. Generally speaking: A simple answer to the question would be that we do dream in colour. (On the whole we do!)
a. .
b. .

7. Literally: All I had to do was take it out of the box. (I am speaking literally when I say this).
a. .
b. .

GRAMÁTICA INGLESA II | ADVERBIALS – WORKSHEET

3-3
 III. Conjuncts: identify the Conjuncts and notice their formal realization and position :

Next, Scarlett decided to run for mayor. What is more, she is likely to be elected. We suspect, by the way, that Wyneth will run too. So the
race should be an interesting one. We can expect, for example. Some dirty tricks. At any rate, they are both qualified for the office. This
will be, moreover, an important election. On the other hand, I don’t think things will change much.

IV. Conjuncts : Complete the following passage, with the following conjuncts as linking words:

Anyhow, but, first, further, hence, however, secondly, similarly, so, then, though, thus (2), as a result, by contrast, for
example, in fact, in other words, on the contrary, on the other hand

For years we have taken the health of the earth for granted (1) BUT today it is under threat. It is fashionable to blame the
industrialized nations, and they certainly are responsible for many environmental problems. Factories,
(2)........................., may not only polute the air we breath; they often pour poisonous waste into our seas and
rivers. (3) ………………., fish and other marine life may die. (4)......................................, the general public in developed
‘consumer societies’ also cause pollution with their cars, central heating, refrigerator,s air travel and vast amounts of household
waste.
If we do nothing, we are told, (5) ……………… the planet will die. (6) ……………… The rise of the environmental movement,
and the ‘gree’ message that if we only return to the simple life all will be well.
(7) ………………, many observers point out that, (8)....................................., really simple lifestyles can cause appalling
environmental damage. Cuttin down trees for firewood, a common practice in much of the Third World, usually loosens the soil, (9)
.............................................................causing soil erosion and ultimately famine. It migh be better if they had nuclear
power!
(10)........................., many people in the developing world want more industrialization and consumerism, which
are not going to go away. (11)....................................how can we minimize their bad effects?
Enter ‘green economics’. Economists are generally viewed as people concerned only with money and industrial growth.
Environmentalists, (12) ………………, are pictured as rejecting materialistic values. (13)
………………, economists are baddies and environmentalists are goodies. The truth, (14)................................................., is not so
simple. (15) ………………, one important part of economics is concerned with the balancing of costs and benefits. Building an airport
near a city gives users the benefit of quick travel. (16) ………………, the noise nuisance for the city’s inhabitants may be too high a
cost. ‘Green economists’ try to wigh up the conflicting arguments.
Over the past few years, two ideas have met with some measure of agreement. (17)..........................................................that
decentralizing solutions are often better than direct controls. (18) ………………, it is usually more efficient to control industrial
pollution by taxing offending industries, rather than insisting on particular equipment. (19)
………………, economists have come up with the idea of ‘sustainable development’. It is no sustainable to use up finine resources
such as oil and mineral without replacing them with alternative assets for future generations o enjoy. (20) , it is not sustainable to
allow species of animals or plants to become extinct.
Green economists are not starry-eyed but realistic. It is to be hoped that their views will be heard.

V. Adjuncts, Subjuncts, Disjuncts, and Conjuncts: Underline and classify the Adverbials:

1. Professionally, he is very successful. SUBJUNT viewpoint

19. He said finally that he hoped to bring the negotiations to an end.
2. Marlene will consequently be the next CEO. CONJUNT resulting
CONJUNT
3. By comparison, the movie was dull. CONJUNT
20. He said that he hope finally to bring the negotiations to an end.
4. Confidentially, I hear the President is resigning. DISJUNT style
ADJUNT time
5. The President spoke confidentially to the press. SUBJUNT 21. Naturally, one doesn’t expect olives to grow naturally in Wales.
manner DISJUNT content/ ADJUNT place
6. George waited until the movie ended. ADJUNT time 22. As we had anticipated, the scheme didn’t work out in practice as
7. He was nevertheless disappointed. CONJUNT they expected. DISJUNT content/ ADJUNT respect or
8. In particular , he reads science fiction. CONJUNT viewpoint SUBJUNT/ ADJUNT manner
9. Possibly, he is serious. DISJUNT content 23. She recognised her signature frankly. ADJUNT manner
10. Otherwise, there is no way to reach Little Rock. CONJUNT 24. She frankly recognised her signature. SUBJUNT subject
inferential 25. Frankly, they neglected the job. DISJUNT
11. Squirrels are hiding nuts in the oak tree. ADJUNT place 26. I badly need your help. SUBJUNT subject/intensifier
12. She casually mentioned her promotion. SUBJUNT 27. They organized the meeting badly. ADJUNT manner
13. She has rightly decided to see advice. DISJUNT content 28. Possibly, the guide told us we could not possibly get to Asilah
14. Some advised her rightly, others wrongly. ADJUNT manner the next day. DISJUNT content/ SUBJUNT intensifier down
15. Children don’t like cauliflower at all. SUBJUNT minimizer toner (it’s enough the first surname)
16. She married unfortunately. (made a poor choice) ADJUNT 29. Really, I enjoyed it. DISJUNT
manner 30. I really enjoyed it
17. She married, unfortunately. (should have stayed single). DISJUNT SUBJUNT subject
content
18. You should write the application in ink. ADJUNT instrument
(Siempre que hay un DISJUNT hay una coma)
 Prof. Juan Santana Lario
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Fax: 958 24 36 78
e-mail: jsantana@ugr.es
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VI. Represent graphically the syntactic structure of the clauses below and discuss each Adverbial in detail (formal realization,
syntactic (sub-)class), semantic classification, position, etc.)

1. After all, it was a large sum, so I suppose he must have resented me giving this much money to her.
2. Of course, you are asking me whether I could have rebelled, or at least fled. But if I had tried to flee, my family would have suffered
the same fate as the other prisoners in Tuol Sleng
3. Certainly, if he knew that sharia was a word susceptible to misunderstanding, surely he should have known how important it was
for him to be clear.
4. Therefore, if you get an interview but not the job, you will clearly have reached your goal.
5. While few doubts have been raised, domestically or internationally, everything else about their treatment has been bitterly contested
and is likely to continue to be contested, inside the courtroom and out.

Dpto. de Filologías Inglesa y Alemana, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 GRANADA