a hadron is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force in a similar way

as molecules are held together by the electromagnetic force.

Hadrons are categorized into two families: baryons, made of three quarks, and mesons, made of one
quark and one antiquark. Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons; pions are an example of a
meson.
Murray Gell-Mann:electron was getting scattered inelastically.”deep inelastic scattering:concluded that
there must be 3 more particles. Udd…must have deeper structure.(deep within the neutron)
Gluons are smaller small energy particles which come in pairs and interact b/w all quarks and carry strong
nuclear force shown as floating particles or springs. that is why neutron was not behaving as a single solid
entity & thus upon knocking there are many effects (energy losses) specialy photons are released in form
of electromagnetic radiations because of electromagnetic charge (attraction and repulsion)

A fermion is any particle that has an odd half-

integer (like 1/2, 3/2, and so forth) spin. Quarks and
leptons, as well as most composite particles, like
protons and neutrons, are fermions.
For reasons we do not fully understand, a
consequence of the odd half-integer spin is that
fermions obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle and
therefore cannot co-exist in the same state at same
location at the same time.
Bosons are those particles which have an integer
spin (0, 1, 2...).
All the force carrier particles are bosons, as
are those composite particles with an even number
of fermion particles (like mesons).

*
 The predicted graviton has a spin of 2.
The nucleus of an atom is a fermion or boson depending on whether the total number of its protons and
neutrons is odd or even, respectively. Recently, physicists have discovered that this has caused some
very strange behavior in certain atoms under unusual conditions, such as very cold helium.

the W and Z bosons are together known as the weak or more generally as the intermediate vector
bosons. These elementary particles mediatethe weak interaction; the respective symbols are 
. The W bosons have either a positive or negative electric charge of 1 elementary charge and are each
other's antiparticles. The Z boson is electrically neutral and is its own antiparticle. The three particles have a spin of 1. The
W bosons have a magnetic moment, but the Z has none. All three of these particles are very short-lived, with a half-life of
about 3×10−25 s. Their experimental discovery was a triumph for what is now known as the Standard Model of particle
physics.

The two W bosons are verified mediators of neutrino absorption and emission. During these processes, the W boson
charge induces electron or positron emission or absorption, thus causing nuclear transmutation. The Z boson is not
involved in the absorption or emission of electrons and positrons.

the W and Z bosons are almost 100 times as massive as the proton – heavier, even, than entire iron atoms. Their high
masses limit the range of the weak interaction. By way of contrast, the photon is the force carrier of the electromagnetic
force and has zero mass, consistent with the infinite range of electromagnetism; the hypothetical graviton is also expected
to have zero mass.

Z boson[edit]
The Z boson is its own antiparticle. Thus, all of its flavour quantum numbers and charges are zero. The
exchange of a Z boson between particles, called a neutral current interaction, therefore leaves the
interacting particles unaffected, except for a transfer of momentum. 
Z
 boson interactions involving neutrinos have distinctive signatures: They provide the only known
mechanism for elastic scattering of neutrinos in matter; neutrinos are almost as likely to scatter elastically
(via Z boson exchange) as inelastically (via W boson exchange).