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AGRICULTURAL SECTOR -individuals supervise the day-to-day operations of

-(ager) means cultura large farms and receive wages, a salary, or part of
- Cultivation of fields the harvest for their services

3 MAJOR PATTERNS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Farm operators

Subsistence farming -they operate the farms under the conditions other
-farmers cultivate land and plant crops primarily to that those previously mentioned
feed the members of their family
 Hunting and gathering PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
 Migratory farming  Lack of modern equipment and technology
 Kaingin  Insufficient infrastructures
 Fixed cultivation  Lack of capital
 No concrete program for land ownership
Modernizing stage  Low prices
-brought by the increased importance of commercial  Competition from foreign products
production in farming  Government’s development program

Modern agriculture PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

-agricultural processes are specialized and are  The spread of contract growing arrangements in many
characterized by a large portion of the product parts of the country
being produced for commercial purposes
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE  Impose restriction on foreign agricultural
 Source of raw materials commodities that enter the country
 Consumer of industrial products  Provide infrastructure projects like warehouses,
 Provides employment irrigation system, bridges and farm to market roads
 Dollar earner  Include in the budget allocation and allotment the
essential needs of farmers
LAND TENURE IN THE PHILIPINES  Establish loans to farmers and fishermen
Full owners  Implement effectively and efficiently the agrarian
-those who own the land which they work on reform law
Part owners
-farm operators who own part of the land they work LAND REFORM VS. AGRARIAN REFORM
on while they hold the remaining portion as tenants BASIC CONCEPTS
Tenants Land reform
-farm operators who rent or lease from others the -refers to the full range of measures that may or
land they cultivate should be taken to improve or remedy the defects in
 Cash tenants the relations among men
 Share of produce tenants
 Fixed amount of produce tenants Agrarian reform
 Cash and fixed amount of produce tenants -(de leon)”comprises not only land reform but also
 Cash and share produce tenants the reform and development of complementary
 Rent free tenants institutional frameworks such as the national
government created to undertake land reform, local
Farm managers governments, rural educational and social welfare

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institutions, and voluntary associations, o Provides a term limit for land
particularly farmer’s organizations” distribution
o Provides for the delivery of suppor
SIX-FOLD LAND REFORM PROGRAM OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT: services to both farmer-beneficiaries
 to establish owner-cultivatorship and make and dispossessed landowners
family-sized farms the basis of Philippines
agriculture KEY STRATEGIES OF IMPLEMENTATION

 to achieve dignified existence for small  pursuance of land acquisition and distribution
farmers and free them from harmful (LAD) and leasehold
institutional restraints and practices  delivery of support services designed to build
ARB capabilities for group action and
 to establish a social and economic structure cooperation, improved agribusiness
in agriculture conducive to greater productivity, access to basic services and
productivity and improved farm incomes self-reliance
 area focused development
 to apply all labor laws without discrimination  convergence and complementation among CARP
to both industrial and agricultural wage implementation among CARP implementing
earners agencies
 creation of a policy environment conducive to
 to provide a more systematic land resettlement rural agro-industrialization
and land distribution program
MAJOR PROGRAM SERVICES AND KEY RESULTS
 to make the small farmer a more independent,
self-reliant and responsible citizen, and a  land tenure improvement services
source of genuine strength in the society o acquisition and distribution of agricultural
lands to landless farmers and farm workers
CARP o facilitation of just compensation to
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM landowners
 Initially envisioned covering around 8.2 o resolution of second generation problems
million hectares of land, regardless of crops
planted and tenure arrangements, including all  agrarian justice delivery
public lands considered alienable and o resolution of agrarian law implementation
disposable cases
o resolution of adjudication cases
o Address the age-old issue of social
injustice arising from the inequitable  support services delivery for program beneficiaries
distribution of ownership of development
agricultural lands o Establishment of viable agrarian reform
o Founded on the land-to-the-tiller communities (ARCs) and KALAHI -agrarian reform
principle zones (KARZones)
o Provides for the security of tenureof o Strengthening of the social infrastructure and
landless farmers and team workers over ARB capacity building
the land they till o development of ARBs into agribusiness
o Provides just compensation for entrepreneurs
landowners
 core targets
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o land acquisition and distribution of about TRUSTS AND PRIORITIES UNDER THE 2ND PGMA ADMINISTRATION
5.28 million hectares of agricultural lands  agrarian reform medium-term plan goal and sectoral
for DAR a d 3.77 million hectares for DENR trusts
o Launching of 2,000 agrarian reform o Medium-term goal
communities.  The implementation of CARP under the
2005-2010 MTDP has been repackaged to
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM contribute significantly to the
 phase1 achievement of the president’s priority
-envisioned coverage of 2.16million hectares of land agenda
under the following programs that were started under  to “transform the landless farmer and
the previous land reform law farm workers into a new class of
responsible, progressive, asset-owning
 phase2 farmer-rural entrepreneurs, creating
covered 1.1 million hectares of landed estates, millions of jobs for the rapidly growing
settlements, and private agricultural lands greater rural labor force, trail blazing the
than 50 hectares equitable distribution of income and
contributing significantly to national
 phase3 economic growth”
Covered private agricultural lands less than 24-50  trusts and priorities
hectares and more than 5-14 hectares o maintain CARP as a flagship program for the
delivery of social justice and basic needs
 judging from the status of land distribution, the through asset reform
objectives of the land reform program are far from  finish, land distribution by 2008
accomplished  speed up the resolution of agrarian
 emancipation potent (EP)is the document given to the reform cases
tenant upon fulfillment of all the requirements of  Safeguard and sustain the gains already
the land reform law achieved for CARP
 lobby and mobilize support for attendant
 certificate of land ownership award (CLOA) is a measures requiring legislative-executive
document indicating the farmer was beneficiary of actions
the program under the restrictions and conditions o transform the ARCs/ARZs into progressive
provided for in CARL agribusiness areas to accelerate rural jobs
creation
 land valuation refers to the process of knowing the
value of the land and how compensation of the
landowner is to be paid

 Land valuation’s 3 major factors:

Comparable market value of sales of the land;
-crop yield of the land based on some measures of
yields in Asia countries; and
-market value based on tax declaration

 land value(LV) refers to the weighted average of

comparable sales, capitalized net income and market
value based on tax declaration

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