Assignment I on Basic Measurements of Disease occurrence in Epidemiology

1. In January 2000, 1000 men aged 30 to 59 years, not having previously received the BCG vaccine against
tuberculosis, were examined for the disease. Of these, 50 were found to have tuberculosis. One year later, in
January 2001, the same group of men was examined. Ten of the 50 men with tuberculosis had died, 10 were
cured, and 20 new cases were found.
Calculate the following:
A. The point prevalence rate of tuberculosis in January 2000.
B. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in 2000, using as denominator the population at risk at the
beginning of the year.
C. The period prevalence rate of tuberculosis in 2000, using as denominator the average total
population.
D. The point prevalence rate of tuberculosis in January 2001.
2. An epidemic of an unknown diseases ‘X’ took place in a certain village. The following data were collected
over the period of the epidemic:
Males Females Total
Number of inhabitants 400 600 1,000
Number of cases of disease X 50 50 100
Number of deaths from disease X 4 6 10
Number of deaths from all other causes 6 6 12

Use the above data to answer the following questions:

A. In which sex was the risk of contracting disease X highest?

B. In which sex was the risk of dying from disease X highest?
C. In which sex was the risk of dying from disease X after contracting it highest?
D. What rate or ratio, which could be calculated from the available data, could be used to assess
the severity of disease X?
3. The following deaths occurred during 2000 in certain locality where total live births during the year were
1000; seven women died that year from pregnancy related causes:
Age interval Number of deaths
28 weeks post-gestation to birth 15
Birth to < 1 week 19
1 week to < 1 month 22
1 month to < 1 year 94
1 year to < 5 years 100
From these data calculate, if possible:
A. Fetal death rate
B. Perinatal mortality rate
C. Neonatal mortality rate
D. Post neonatal mortality rate
E. Infant mortality rate
F. Child mortality rate
G. Maternal mortality rate
4. One thousand men in factory B were screened for HIV on 1 January 2020 and 50 men were found to be HIV-
positive. All of these men were tested for HIV at the end of each month until 31 December 2020. Twelve
men became HIV-positive during this period, while the remaining 938 men were still HIV-negative by 31
December 2020. The figure below shows when these 12 men became HIV-positive. Nobody died or was lost
to follow-up during the period.
A. What is the total number of person-months at risk of HIV infection observed in this study?
B. What is the incidence rate of HIV infection among men working in factory B?
C. What is the cumulative incidence rate of HIV infection among men working in factory B
D. What is the point prevalence rate of HIV infection among men working in factory B at April 2020?
E. What is the period prevalence rate of HIV infection among men working in factory at December 2020?