Experiment: 7

To Verify Voltage Division Rule

Apparatus:
 Three Resistors
 Digital Multimeter
 Variable DC Power Supply

Circuit Diagram:

Where R1 = 2.4K , R2 = 1.8K , R3 = 3.3K

Observation and Calculation:

Observed Data Calculated Data
Obs. Vs (V) Is (A) VTobs VTcalc %Error
VO1 VO2 VO3 VC1 VC2 VC3
0.531m
1 4 1.30 0.9191 1.77 3.9891
A 1.28 0.96 1.76 4 0.2725
1.067m
2 8 2.609 1.8382 3.55
A 7.9972 2.56 1.92 3.52 8 0.035
3 12 1.6mA 3.913 2.75 5.328 11.991 3.84 2.88 5.28 12 0.075
2.133m
4 16 5.21 3.67 7.11
A 15.99 5.12 3.84 7.04 16 0.0625
2.667m
5 20 6.53 4.60 8.89
A 20.02 6.4 4.8 8.8 20 -0.1
6 24 3.2mA 7.83 5.51 10.66 24 7.68 5.76 10.56 24 0
3.733m
7 28 9.132 6.44 12.44
A 28.012 8.96 6.72 12.32 28 -0.04286
4.267m
8 32 10.43 7.35 14.21
A 31.99 10.24 7.68 14.08 32 0.03125
9 36 4.8mA 11.74 8.27 15.98 35.99 11.52 8.64 15.84 36 0.027778
5.333m
10 40 13.04 9.19 17.76
A 39.99 12.8 9.6 17.6 40 0.025

Procedure:
We have to observe the Kirchhoff’s voltage law in this experiment. We have a series circuit in this
experiment in which three resistors are connected with the battery supply.
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  We know the current remain same in the series circuit for all the resistors but only the voltage
differs.
 We will use voltage divider rule in this method.
 So, we have to find out the value of voltages; observed and calculated, both.
 Observed values of V1, V2 and V3 can be found by using simulator by making a circuit in it and
then connecting it to battery and then connecting the DMM with the terminals of the resistors.
 Thus, the observed values are founded. Then adding simply, the values. And the calculated value
of voltage can be found easily

Theory
Kirchoff’s Voltage law
KVL states that for a closed loop series path the algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed loop
in a circuit is equal to zero.
ΣV =0
Voltage Divider Rule

The voltage divider rule is applied to solve circuits to simplify the solution.
The voltage divider rule is used to solve circuits in order to get the solution. Applying this rule can also
solve basic circuits extensively The key idea of this voltage divider rule is 'The voltage is divided between
two resistors which are connected in series in direct proportion to their resistance. The voltage divider
consists of two essential parts, the circuit and the equation.
This rule is basically to divide voltages in the series circuit and then measure it and check out how much
voltage is passing through the individual branches of resistors that are connected with the battery source
of DC current.

R1 R2
v1 = v (t) v 2= v (t)
R1 + R2 R 1 + R2

Conclusion
In this experiment, we observed the voltage divider rule and its use in concepts of electrical circuits. We
found out the different and diversified values of the voltage in the resistors with respect to the battery
source of DC Current.
In series circuit, current remains the same and the voltage differs.

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