PRACTICE TEST 61

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in
the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. pessimistic B. compulsory C. intentional D. unfortunate
Question 2: A. cancel B. injure C. appeal D. manage

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. active B. capable C. massive D. challenging
Question 4: A. conserves B. endangers C. applies D. integrates

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: We had to walk home in the end because Jimmy ________ his car keys.
A. has been losing B. had lost C. was losing D. had been losing
Question 6: _________ by the tragedy, they didn’t know what to say.
A. To shock B. Shocked C. To have shocked D. Shocking
Question 7: The government is thinking of ________ a law to allow on-the-spot fines for hooligans.
A. bringing out B. bringing up C. bringing about D. bringing in
Question 8: I ________ my chemistry homework by the time you come home.
A. will be finishing B. will have finished
C. will finish D. will have been finished
Question 9: He was offered the job _______ his qualifications were poor.
A. therefore B. despite C. because of D. although
Question 10: ________ ozone layer will continue to disappear if we don’t find a way to stop it.
A. Ø B. A C. The D. An
Question 11: I ________ at the checkout when I noticed a strange-looking man.
A. was waiting B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
Question 12: The researchers ________ many experiments to find the most effective materials.
A. confirmed B. concerned C. considered D. conducted
Question 13: There aren’t many people here yet, ________?
A. aren’t there B. are there C. is it D. isn’t it
Question 14:Though ______ by fire, the palace was eventually restored to its original splendor.
A. badly damaged B. was badly damage
C. badly damaging D. having badly damaged
Question 15: Taking that job will mean _________ to do a lot more travelling.
A. to have B. having C. having had D. have
Question 16: The buffet at the party was out of this ________! I’ve never tasted such exquisite strawberries.
A. earth B. planet C. world D. word
Question 17: The carpet near the door gets a lot of ________ because we all walk on it as we come into the
house.
A. wear and tear B. ins and outs C. odds and ends D. ups and downs
Question 18: Unless we stop polluting our planet, future generation ________ suffer.
A. would B. wouldn’t C. will D. won’t
Question 19: The workers staged a protest ________ the proposed changes in their contracts.
A. about B. towards C. of D. against

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 20: New hospitals or temporary structures can serve to augment COVID-19 patient care or essential
health services.
A. reinforce B. worsen C. rise D. find
Question 21: Recent research findings indicate that young people are indeed turning away from formal,
mainstream politics, but this does not mean that they are necessarily politically apathetic.
A. enthusiastic B. excited C. indifferent D. ignorant

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22: After years of failing many classes in high school, there was a lot of skepticism that Timmy
could graduate from high school.
A. encouragement B. belief C. worry D. happiness
Question 23: Sheila says she’s given up smoking for good and that she’ll never have another cigarette as long
as she lives.
A. immediately B. continuously C. forever D. temporarily
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the
following exchanges.
Question 24: Tom is talking to Melanie about his problem.
Tom: “I can’t sleep sometimes. My neighbours play music all night.”
Melanie: “______________”
A. That’s awesome. B. That’s great.
C. That’s a nuisance. D. I’m glad to hear that.
Question 25: Mark and Laura are talking about their plan for the weekend.
Mark: “Let’s go to the carnival, shall we?”
Laura: “______________”
A. Yes, we shall. That’s funny. B. Yes, good idea. I expect it’ll be fun.
C. Never. I agree with you. D. No. It was too bad.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
WHERE MANNERS ARE THE KEY TO SUCCESS
Whatever line of work you're in, there’s a lot to learn when you start a new job. At big Japanese companies,
new employees have to undergo several weeks of formal instruction in the basics of how to behave at work.
After mastering the company song, new (26) ______ are taught everything from how to shake hands to how to
hand over a cup of tea correctly. In Japan, manners play an important role in all aspects of adult life. Business
has its own rules of behaviour, (27) ______ must be adhered to. Business cards, for example, must be presented
and received with the body held at a specific angle. Cards must be handled respectfully as they are considered
an extension of the holder’s identity. An inexperienced businessman, for instance, who put a card he had just
received into his trouser pocket would cause great offence. (28) ______ would seriously diminish his chances of
closing a deal. (29) ______, the correct gestures have to be learnt and practised.
Even after completing the training course, new employees may still find that corporate life is not easy.
Workers at large Japanese firms are expected to sacrifice a great deal for the company. They often live in
company-owned (30) ______ with their colleagues and put in long hours at work. In offices, workers are not
free to leave until their superiors have done so.
Question 26: A. employers B. contracts C. recruits D. resources
Question 27: A. which B. that C. who D. whom
Question 28: A. This B. These C. Any D. One
Question 29: A. Nevertheless B. However C. Whereas D. Therefore
Question 30: A. facilities B. infrastructure C. accommodation D. service

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of factors: the physical location of the
restaurant (that is, rural or urban); the type of restaurant (that is, informal or formal); and certain standards that
are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while other standards apply
almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in a particular area may
sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example,
while it is acceptable to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious
setting. And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting, it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt, but if
you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant, this behavior would demonstrate a lack of manners. It is safe to
say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to indiscriminately throw your food on the
floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the above is that while the types and locations of
restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants.

Question 31: What can serve as the best title for the passage?
A. Ways to increase your appetite
B. Instruction in proper etiquette
C. The importance of good manners
D. Variable and universal standards of etiquette
Question 32: The word manners in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. experience B. character C. ceremony D. tact
Question 33: According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?
A. tucking a napkin in your shirt
B. not throwing food on the floor
C. reading a magazine at a coffee shop
D. eating in rustic settings
Question 34: The author uses the phrase safe to say in order to demonstrate that the idea is ______.
A. somewhat innocent B. quite certain C. very clever D. commonly reported
Question 35: What is the author's main purpose in this passage?
A. to assist people in learning sophisticated manners
B. to describe variations in restaurant manners
C. to simplify rules of restaurant etiquette
D. to compare sophisticated and rustic restaurants
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the
atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution
requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were
established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or
smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and
knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In
the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are
found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical
reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by
allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these
compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human
output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result
is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects
appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.
The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us
little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally
in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is
about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a
pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 36: What is the passage mainly about?

A. The economic impact of air pollution.
B. What constitutes an air pollutant.
C. How much harm air pollutants can cause.
D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.
Question 37:The word adversely in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. negatively B. quickly C. admittedly D. considerably
Question 38: For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air
pollution?
A. They function as part of a purification process.
B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.
C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.
D. They have existed since the Earth developed.
Question 39: The word These in the second paragraph refers to ______.
A. the various chemical reactions
B. the pollutants from the developing Earth
C. the compounds moved to the water or soil
D. the components in biogeochemical cycles
Question 40: According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions _______.
A. can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants
B. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants
C. will damage areas outside of the localized regions
D. will react harmfully with natural pollutants
Question 41:The word detectable in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. beneficial B. special C. measurable D. separable
Question 42: According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only
useful if _______.
 A. the other substances in the area are known
B. it is in a localized area
C. the naturally occurring level is also known
D. it can be calculated quickly

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43: Doctors sometimes use coconut water in an emergency because they are similar to
A B C
human plasma.
D
Question 44: I tried to convince him several times but I failed because he was unwilling to consider
A B C
what I have said.
D
Question 45: The bell rang while they were watching a video showing the various stages in
A B C
the product of glass.
D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of
the following questions.
Question 46: My friend told me, “If I were you, I would not smoke so much.”
A. My friend advised me not to smoke so much.
B. My friend warned me against smoking so much.
C. My friend prohibited me from smoking so much.
D. My friend stopped me smoking so much.
Question 47: Fish and meat are the same price in some countries.
A. Meat costs more than fish in some countries.
B. Fish costs just as much as meat in some countries.
C. Fish isn’t as cheap as meat in some countries.
D. Fish doesn’t cost as much as meat in some countries.
Question 48: It’s possible that the last person to leave didn’t lock the door.
A. The last person to leave left the door unlocked.
B. The last person to leave should have left the door unlocked.
C. The last person to leave must have left the door unlocked.
D. The last person to leave might have left the door unlocked.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: You have a permit. You can get a job.
A. Unless you had a permit, you could get a job.
B. Provided you don’t have a permit, you can get a job.
C. But for your job, you couldn’t get a permit.
D. If you didn’t have a permit, you couldn’t get a job.
Question 50: The play is very popular. The theater is likely to be full every night.
A. So popular is the play that the theater isn’t likely to be full every night.
B. Not until the theater is likely to be full every night is the play very popular.
C. Such is the popularity of the play that the theater is likely to be full every night.
D. Only when the theater is likely to be full every night is the play very popular.
KEY

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B

16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C

31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. D

46. A 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. CS