Motor Protection Training

TESTING MOTOR PROTECTION
Example: SPAM 150 C/ REM 610
Contents:
1 Application Example ...........................................................................................................................3
2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................4
3 Defining the Test Object .....................................................................................................................4
4 Global Hardware Configuration CMC ................................................................................................5
4.1 Output Configuration for Protective Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 1A...................5
4.2 Output Configuration for Protective Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 5A...................6
4.3 Analog Outputs ...............................................................................................................................6
4.4 Binary Inputs ...................................................................................................................................7
4.5 Binary Outputs ................................................................................................................................7
5 General Approach ...............................................................................................................................8
5.1 Principle Current Logic of the Motor Protective Relay ....................................................................9
5.2 Testing Undercurrent (Loss of Load) Protection...........................................................................10
5.2.1 Settings of the Undercurrent Protection ..................................................................................10
5.2.2 Overlapping with Other Protective Functions .........................................................................10
5.2.3 Testing I<-Pick-Up ..................................................................................................................10
5.2.4 Testing the Trip Time ..............................................................................................................12
5.3 Testing Short Circuit Protection (I>>) ...........................................................................................12
5.3.1 Settings of the Short Circuit Protection ...................................................................................12
5.3.3 Testing I>> Pick-Up ................................................................................................................13
5.3.4 Extending the Test Object Definition ......................................................................................15
5.3.5 Testing Overcurrent Trip Time (I>>-Stage) .............................................................................17
5.4 Testing Thermal Overload Protection (TOL) ................................................................................18
5.4.1 Settings of the Thermal Overload Protection ..........................................................................18
5.4.2 Testing I>-Pick-Up ..................................................................................................................19
5.4.4 Testing the TOL Trip times .....................................................................................................21
5.5 Testing the Unbalanced Load Protection (Negative Sequence) ..................................................23
5.5.1 Settings of the Unbalanced Load Protective Function ............................................................23
5.5.2 Testing the Trip Characteristic Curve of the SPAM 150 C .....................................................26
5.5.3 Testing the Trip Characteristic Curve of the REM 610 ...........................................................27
5.6 Testing the Motor Start-Up Supervision Protection Function .......................................................28
5.6.1 Logic of the Motor Start-Up Supervision .................................................................................28
5.6.2 Settings of the Motor Start-Up Supervision Based on the Overcurrent Protection Function ..29
© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 1/45

5.6.3 Settings of the Motor Start-Up Supervision Based on the Thermal Stress Calculation .........30
5.6.5 Testing the Trip Characteristic Curve for the Motor Start-Up Supervision .............................30
5.7 Testing the Motor Start-Up Supervision Protection Function with Speed Switch .........................34
5.8 Testing Start-Up Time Counter .....................................................................................................36
5.8.1 Testing the Start Time Counter and the Restart Disable Function .........................................37
5.9 Testing the Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (Option A) .....................................................39
5.9.1 Testing the Earth Fault Protection Pick-Up (IE>) for Option A ...............................................40
5.9.3 Testing Earth Fault Protection Trip Time (Option A) ..............................................................42
5.10 Testing the Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (Option B) ...................................................43
5.10.1 Testing the Earth Fault Protection Pick-Up (IE>) for Option B .............................................43
5.10.2 Testing Earth Fault Protection Trip Time (Option B) ............................................................45

1 Application Example
6 kV Motor protection functions
37 / undercurrent (loss of load) protection (DMT)
50; 51 / short-circuit protection (DMT)
200/1 49 / thermal overload
46 / unbalanced protection (IDMT) and phase reversal protection
14 / motor start-up supervision
66 / cumulative start-up time counter with restart disable function
60/1 51N / non-directional earth fault protection (DMT)
M
3~
Motor parameters for this example:
Name of the parameter Parameter value Notes

Rated current InM 154 A
Ratio between the starting current
Starting factor kS 5
(IS) and the full load current (IFLC)
Starting time tS 9s
max. stall time te 15 s jam time / Rotor blocked time
Permissible thermal inverse current 10% I2 pick-up
Asymmetry factor k 5s the time for 100% I2
Number of motors starts (cold) 3 in 2h
Temperature rise time constant τ

2400s
no load current 15% based on the rated current
Rated voltage VnM 6000 V
Rated power PnM 1350 kW
Note: All motor parameters in the previous table are example parameters for this training. For the
practical part of this training it is necessary to adapt several or all parameters.
Testing of ‘directional earth fault protection function’ (50G/51G), ‘frequency protection function’
(81) and ‘voltage protection function’ (27/59) is not part of this document.

2 Introduction
Motor protection is a complex system with many different protective functions. In the Test Universe
(TU) software there are thus no dedicated test modules (such as the Distance or Differential module)
for these functions. Therefore the test procedures are created using the standard test modules in the
OMICRON CONTROL CENTER (OCC). For this the potential overlapping of the activated protective
functions has to be taken into account.
3 Defining the Test Object
Here only the general data of the device to be tested are entered. The device settings can be
extended in the specific test modules if necessary.

4 Global Hardware Configuration CMC
4.1 Output Configuration for Protective Relays with a Secondary Nominal

Current of 1A
Note: As the protection functions ‘directional earth fault protection function’ (50G/51G), ‘frequency
protection function’ (81) and ‘voltage protection function’ (27/59) are not activated, the voltage
outputs need not be configured.
The ‘non-directional protection function’ (50N/51N) is tested with a separate hardware configuration.

4.2 Output Configuration for Protective Relays with a Secondary Nominal
Current of 5A
Note: For protective relays with a secondary nominal current of 5A current output systems A and B
have to be connected in parallel.
4.3 Analog Outputs
The analog outputs as well as the binary inputs and binary outputs can be activated individually in the
local hardware configuration of the specific test module.

4.4 Binary Inputs
The definition of the trip commands depends on the protection concept applied. For this application
example the trip commands of all protection functions are routed to a single binary input.
4.5 Binary Outputs
The definition of the binary output commands depend on the protection concept applied and the type
of protective relay (e.g. SPAM 150C; REM 610).

5 General Approach
When defining the test sequence of the active protective functions in the OCC, the following steps are
recommended.
• Step 1: Testing the simple protective functions (e.g. ‘undercurrent protection’, etc.)
• Step 2: Testing the special protective functions (e.g. ‘unbalanced load protection’, OVL; etc.)
• Step 3: Testing the ‘motor start-up supervision’ (14 / 66 )
• Step 4: Testing the ‘non-directional earth fault protection’ (rewiring the test setup)
In the OCC the test modules can be summarized in folders (groups) to structure the test document.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Operation indicator code numbers on the relay front panel:
Indication Explanation
1 θ > θa = The thermal level has exceeded the set prior alarm level
2 θ > θt = The thermal unit has tripped
θ > θ i , ∑tsi = The thermal restart inhibit level is exceeded, the start-up time counter is
3
full, or the external inhibit signal is active
4 Ι>> = The high-set stage of the overcurrent unit has tripped
5 ∆I = The unbalanced/incorrect phase sequence protection unit has tripped
2
6 I xt = The start-up stall protection unit has tripped
7 I0 = The earth-fault unit has tripped
8 Ι< = The undercurrent unit has tripped
9 EXT.TRIP = An external tripping has been carried out
(Source: SPAM 150C, Motor protection relay, User’s manual and Technical description. Issued 1997-03-05, ABB)

5.1 Principle Current Logic of the Motor Protective Relay
Note: This logic scheme is only valid when the start-up time is shorter than the safe stall time (jam
time / rotor blocked time).
current rises
I > k1.IFLA I > k1.IFLA

I > I>>
Ipre-fault < k.IFLA I Ipre-fault > k.IFLA
k k1
(0.12*IFLA) (1.5*IFLA)
IFLA
IFLA
Motor is starting Trip

Rotor is blocked
t >>
Is the effective starting Yes Trip

time > ts?
safe stall time (te)
No
No = Restart enabled
The motor is in The motor is not

operation started !
Thermal replica Thermal replica

= =
Nominal value (70%) *) parameterized value (70%) *)
*) This value is depends on the prtection concept

applied and the type of proetctive relay.
Start-up counter
Motor start-up is added
to a register
Restart disable
value exceeds?
Yes
Restart of the motor

is disabled
Reset of the inhibit mode
a) Emergency start function.
b) The register value is lower than

the restart disable value .

5.2 Testing Undercurrent (Loss of Load) Protection
The undercurrent protection detects loss of load caused by a damaged pump or a broken conveyour.
5.2.1 Settings of the Undercurrent Protection
Calculation of the settings:
All protection functions are based on the full load current (Iθ):
IFLC 154A
Iθ InM = • Ict sec ondary = • 1A = 0.77A
Ictprimary 200A
Ipickup = 0.77 A • 0.5 = 0.385 A
Trip Tim e Characteristic (only three phase)
3,5
3
trip timet [s] ==>

2,5
2
Settings
I Pickup (I</Iθ) 50%
1,5 trip time 2s
1
0,5
0
1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
fault current [A] ==>
Testing pick-up values is performed with the ‘Ramping’ module. Trip times are tested with the ‘State
Sequencer’ module.
5.2.2 Overlapping with Other Protective Functions

For all tests the 3 currents must be symmetrical in order to prevent starting the ‘unbalanced load
protection function’ (negative sequence).
5.2.3 Testing I<-Pick-Up
Local hardware configuration: All 3 current outputs have to be activated.

1 start/trip command has to be routed to a binary input.

Settings in the test module:
Note: To avoid tripping a de-energized motor, this protection function is blocked when all phase
currents fall below 12% of the Iθ.
3
2
4 5
1. 3 ramps (full load current / pick-up / drop-off)

2. Amplitudes of all currents
3. Not necessary for this test
4. Ramps from 120% to 70% of the pick-up value and then 70% to 120% for the drop-off value
5. delta I: approx. 0.025 times I>
Settings in the measurement view
Ramp Trigger Nominal value TOL- TOL+

2 Trip 0 => 1 385 mA 19.5 mA 19.5 mA
3 Trip 1 => 0 423.5 mA 20.5 mA 20.5 mA
1 3
1. Specified pick-up value = I<

2. Specified drop-off value = 1.05 x I<
3. Tolerance of specified values = 5% I<
4. Specified drop-off/pick-up value = 1.05

5.2.4 Testing the Trip Time
1 trip command has to be routed to a binary input.
State Test current Time limitation Binary trigger

Healthy 1 I = IFLC = 0.77A 5s None
I< 0.8 * I< = 0.312A 2 tI< = 4s Trip 0 => 1
In order to assess the test results, the time assessment in the measurement view is used (see below).
5.3 Testing Short Circuit Protection (I>>)

Note: The I>-stage can be used for the ‘motor start-up supervision’ protection function.
5.3.1 Settings of the Short Circuit Protection
Iθ InM = 0.77A , see in the previous calculation (5.2.1)
I >> = 1.3 • k s • Iθ InM = 1.3 • 5 • 0.77A = 5.01A
Note: When the ‘starting factor kS’ is unknown, it is possible to use the following calculation.
 1.1• VnM 
 
=
3 
Ic(3)
V²
x 'd • nM
SnG

Trip Time Characteristic
2,5
2
trip timet [s] ==>
1,5
Settings
1 I>> 5A
T I>> 0.10s
0,5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Testing pick-up values is performed with the ‘Ramping’ module. Trip times are tested with the
‘Overcurrent’ module.

For testing the I>> pick-up the 3 currents need to be symmetrical in order to prevent starting the
‘unbalanced load protection function’ (negative sequence).
Testing the I>> trip time with unsymmetrical faults is possible, because the trip times of the
‘unbalanced load protection function’ are much longer.
5.3.3 Testing I>> Pick-Up

2 3
4 5

5. delta I: approx. 0.025 times I>


2 Trip 0 => 1 5.00 A 60 mA 60 mA
3 Trip 1 => 0 4.75 A 60 mA 60 mA
1. Specified pick-up value = I>

2. Specified drop-off value = 0.95 x I>
3. Tolerance of specified values = 5% I>

5.3.4 Extending the Test Object Definition
The testing of the trip time characteristic is performed with the ‘Overcurrent’ module.
3
2
1. Tolerances of the protective relay

2. Non-Directional only
3. Fault group selection (Line-Line and
Line-Neutral) 7
Select fault type ‘Line-Neutral’.
4. Pick-up values and trip times,

deactivate unavailable stages
5. Go to the 'Characteristic Definition'
6. Click the button 'Predefined'
7. Select the option 'Definite time'
Note: Test steps 5 …7 have to be repeated for the fault type Line-Line.

Result:

5.3.5 Testing Overcurrent Trip Time (I>>-Stage)
Testing the I>> trip time with unsymmetrical faults is possible, because the trip times of the
‘unbalanced load protection function’ are much longer.
3 2 1
1 General: Pick-up test is not activated. The trigger condition is routed to the trip command.
2 Fault: Load current (In) = Iθ = 0.77A for 5s

(prefault time), the ‘absolute max. (fault)
time' has to correspond to the relevant
trip time.
3 Test: 3-phase fault is selected.

The defined test points at 0.95 times I>> and 1.05 times I>> are sufficient.

5.4 Testing Thermal Overload Protection (TOL)
Note: There are no RTD sensors or thermistors for measuring the stator temperature in used.
The following discussion is only valid for the protective relays SPAM 150 and REM 610.
5.4.1 Settings of the Thermal Overload Protection
The ‘thermal overload protection function’ is based on the factor t6x.
36 • t 6x
t trip = 2
 Iload 
 
 Iθ 
T r i p T i me C har act er i st i c f o r C o l d C o nd it io n ( wi t ho ut p r e- lo ad )
250
200
150 Settings
I Pickup 1.05 . Iθ
100
t6x 10.5s
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
l o ad cur r ent ( I l o a d ) [ A ] ==>
trip time
Testing pick-up values is performed with the ‘Ramping’ module. Trip times are tested with the ‘State
Sequencer’ module.

5.4.2 Testing I>-Pick-Up

1 start command (O/L pick-up) hase to be routed to a binary input.
Note: The pick-up value is 1.05 . Iθ (fixed on the protective relay).
2 3
4 5

5. delta I: approx. 0.025 times of the pick-up value

2 O/L Warn 0 => 1 809m A 41 mA 41 mA
3 O/L Warn => 0 770m A 41 mA 41 mA
4
1. Specified pick-up value = I>

The thermal overload protection function can be tested with the Overcurrent module or alternatively
with the State Sequencer module. If the Overcurrent module is used for testing the overcurrent
protection function, a new Overcurrent module has to be inserted in the test object definition.
Note: For a better differentiation to the previous overcurrent module the new module should be
renamed, e.g. Overload TOL.
Testing the trip time characteristic is only possible with the fault group Line-Line.
The trip characteristic curve of the thermal overload protection function is an internal definition in
protective relays. It must be adapted to the 'New Inverse Characteristic' curve of the Test Universe,
see in the table below.
Trip Characteristic Curve (t6x) Trip Characteristic Curve Definition (I2t)

in the protective relay in the from OMICRON
36 • t 6x
t ( s) = 2 A ⋅ Td + K1
I t ( 2) = + B • Td + K2
  MP − Q
 Iθ 
t Tripping time t Tripping time
t6x Trip time on 6 . Iθ M Multiple of pick-up value
I Load current A Factor (36)
Iθ Full load current Td t6x (10.5, automatic)
Q, B, K1, K2 Constant (0)
P square (2)
settings of the relay in brackets

5.4.4 Testing the TOL Trip times
Local hardware configuration: 3 current outputs have to be activated.
Testing the trip time characteristic of the TOL is performed with the Overcurrent module.
Test view \ General: The pick-up test must be deactivated in order to prevent charging the
thermal replica.
Test view \ fault:
Load current must be set to

0.77A (Iθ) for 5s (prefault time)
The 'absolute max. (fault) time'

must correspond to the relevant
trip times.
The reset command for the

thermal replica must be
activated.

Test view \ test:
Notes: Testing the trip time characteristic is only possible with a 3-phase fault in order to prevent
starting the unbalanced load protection function.
Due to the very long trip times the trip characteristic curve should be tested with max. 2 test
points.
For the definition of the test points the pick-up value of the I>> stage (5A) must be considered.

5.5 Testing the Unbalanced Load Protection (Negative Sequence)
5.5.1 Settings of the Unbalanced Load Protective Function
Note: The unbalanced load protection function is the thermal overload protection function for the rotor.
The mathematical model of the ‘unbalanced load protection function’ is different in the protective
relays SPAM 150 and REM 610.
Settings and trip time characteristic curve for the REM 610:
The ‘unbalanced load protection function’ of this protective relays is based on the calculated negative
phase sequence (NPS) current.
For calculating the component currents the following matrix is applied:
Versors
a
I0  1 1 1  I 
an
  1  2
I1  = 3 • 1 a a  • Ibn  2
a = 1∠120° / a = 1∠240°
 
I2  a  Icn 
2
1 a 1
2 ω
a
Trip Tim e Characteristic ANSI 46 (REM 610)
k
350,000
t [ s] =
(I2 )2 − (I2 )
2
300,000 pick − up
• Iθ
250,000
Tripping time t
trip time [s] ==>
Asymmetry factor K = 5.0s

200,000
Permissible thermal
inverse current I2> = 0%
150,000
calculated negative phase-

100,000
sequence current I2
50,000
0,000
0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7
I2 / IFLC ==>
Trip times are tested with the
‘State Sequencer’ module.
For this example:
5s 5s
t [ s] = =
(I2 ) 2
− ( 0.1• 0.77 )
2
(I2 ) 2
− 0,00593

Settings for the SPAM 150:
This protective relay can not calculate the NPS. The realisation of the ‘unbalanced load protection
function’ is based on the measurement of the difference between the three phase currents.
T ri p T i me C har act eri st ic A N SI 4 6 ( SPA M 150 )
Iphmax − Iphmin
∆I = • 100%
45,00
40,00
Iphmax
35,00
30,00
∆t
25,00 t=
20,00
∆I • 100%
2
(not from the technical

15,00
reference manual)
10,00
5,00
0,00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
I 2 / I F LC ==>
trip time
Trip times are tested with the ‘State Sequencer’ module.
Differences between the two measurement methods:
In a full broken phase condition, the

unbalance value of the SPAM 150 is 100%.
For the same fault type the calculetd NPS of
the REM 610 is 57.8 %.
SPAM 150 C:
Iphmax − Iphmin −0A

∆I = • 100% = 1A1A • 100% = 100%
Iphmax
REM 610:
I0  1 1 1  0 
  1  2 
I1  = 3 • 1 a a  •  1A∠0° 
 
I2  a  1A∠180° 
2
1 a
3 
2
( )
I2 = 1 •  a • 1A∠0° + ( a • 1A∠180° )  = 1 • (1∠240 • 1A∠0° ) + (1∠120 • 1A∠180° ) 
 3
I2 = 0.578A∠ − 90
Note: Thus, when comparing the NPS value to current difference values, a conversion factor of 0.578
is used.

Calculation of the settings for this example:
permissible thermal inverse current: 10%

permissible max. operating time 15s
10%(NPS)
∆I = = 17.3%
0.578
Settings
∆I 17.3%
∆t 40s
40s
15s t=
∆I • 100%
2
(not from the technical reference manual)
∆I (Application examples for the relay SPAM 150C,

Issued 2000-06-22)

5.5.2 Testing the Trip Characteristic Curve of the SPAM 150 C

In the State Sequencer module the trip times are tested with two test points one after another. The
inserted test steps ‘Healthy 1 … 2’ and ‘no load’ guarantee a safe reset of the relay after each trip.

Healthy 1 … 2 I = Iθ = 0.77A User interaction None
delta I = 20% I = ∆I =20% (616mA) 25s Trip 0 => 1
No load I=0 User interaction None
delta I = 30% I = ∆I =30% (539mA) 10s Trip 0 => 1
1. The nominal trip time for each test point must be calculated manually.
40s
t=
∆I • 100%
2

5.5.3 Testing the Trip Characteristic Curve of the REM 610

In the State Sequencer module the trip times are tested with two test points one after another. The

Healthy 1 … 2 I = Iθ = 0.77A User interaction None
delta I = 20% I = I2 =20% (616mA) 200s Trip 0 => 1
No load I=0 User interaction None
delta I = 30% I = I2 =30% (539mA) 100s Trip 0 => 1
k
t [ s] =
(I2 )2 − (I2 )
2
pick − up
• Iθ

5.6 Testing the Motor Start-Up Supervision Protection Function
5.6.1 Logic of the Motor Start-Up Supervision

The motor start-up begins, when:
The motor start-up ends, when:
Note: The following example is only valid, if the ‘start time’ (ts) is longer than the maximum allowed
‘jam time’ (te).

5.6.2 Settings of the Motor Start-Up Supervision Based on the Overcurrent Protection
Function
Note: This protective function based on a non directional overcurrent element with definite time
characteristic.
Iθ InM = 0.77A , see in the previous calculation (5.2.1)
For this example, 50% of the ‘full load current’ (Iθ) is used for the parameterization of this protective
function.
I >> = k s • Iθ InM = 5 • 0.77A = 3.85A
Trip Tim e Characteristic
25
20
starting time [s] ==>
15
Settings
I> 3.85A
T I>> 9s
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
starting current [A] ==>
Testing trip times is performed with the ‘Overcurrent’ module.
Note: This protective function is based on a non-directional overcurrent element with definite time
characteristic.
A disadvantage of ‘motor start-up supervision’ based on the overcurrent protection function is
that the trip time is fixed. It is not possible to extend the trip time under low voltage conditions.
Motor torque(fn; Vn)

breakdow n slip
1,20 breakdow n torque
Motor torque
1,00
M/MK==>
0,80
trip time characteristic

0,60
nominal trip time (w ith Is)
0,40
45 effective trip time
40
Motor start-up supervision
0,20
35
0,00
30
0, 00 0, 20 0, 40 0, 60 0, 80 1,00
25
slip ==>
20
15
10
0,00 5, 00 10,00 15, 00
Is [ A ] ==>

5.6.3 Settings of the Motor Start-Up Supervision Based on the Thermal Stress
Calculation
Note: This protective function calculates the thermal stress value depending on the actual current
value.
Is
T r i p t i me char act er ist i c o f t he ' mo t o r st ar t - up sup er vi si o n'
t= • ts
I2
120
110 t = effective trip time

100 (operate time)
90
I = phase current value
80
trip time [s] ==>
70
Is = k s • Iθ = 5 • 0.77A = 3.85A
60
50
40 Settings
30 Is 3.85A
20
ts 9s
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
starting current [A] ==>
t r ip t ime char act er ist ic mot or st ar t -up ef f ect ive t r ip t ime

For all tests concerning the I> pick-up the 3 currents need to be symmetrical in order to prevent
starting the ‘unbalanced load protection function’ (negative sequence).
5.6.5 Testing the Trip Characteristic Curve for the Motor Start-Up Supervision
5.6.5.1 Trip Characteristic Curve Based on the Overcurrent Protection Function

Extending the test object definition
This protective function can be tested with the ‘Overcurrent’ module or alternatively with the ‘State
Sequencer’ module. If the overcurrent module is used for testing the overcurrent protection function, a
new Overcurrent module has to be inserted in the test object definition.
renamed, e.g. motor start-up DMT.
Testing the trip time characteristic is only possible with the fault group Line-Line.

1 1. Tolerances of the protective
relay
3. Fault group selection (Line-
3 2 Line)
4. Pick-up values and trip times,
deactivate unavailable stages
4
7
5. Go to the 'Characteristic
Definition'

Testing the Trip Time (I>-stage)

3 2 1
2 Fault: The load current (In) must be set

to 0A! The ‘absolute max. (fault)
time' has to correspond to the
relevant trip time.
3 Test: 3-phase fault is selected.

The defined test points at 0.94 times I>> and 1.04 times I>> are sufficient.

5.6.5.2 Trip Characteristic Curve Based on the Thermal Stress Calculation
In the ‘State Sequencer’ module the trip times are tested with two test points one after another. The

No load 1 I = I0Α User interaction None
I=Is Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 15s Trip 0 => 1
No load 2 I=0 5s None
. . .
I=0.9 Is Is = 0.9 ks Iq =3.465A 15s Trip 0 => 1
I2s (k s • Iθ )2
t= • ts = • ts
I2 I2
Calculated trip time for the first test point Calculated trip time for the second test point
(k s • Iθ )2 (5 • 0.77A)2 (k s • Iθ )2 (5 • 0.77A)2
t= • ts = • 9s = 9s t = • ts = • 9s = 11.11s
I2 3.85A 2 I2 (0.9 • 3.85)2

5.7 Testing the Motor Start-Up Supervision Protection Function with Speed
Switch
Note: 1.) This test is only valid for the protective function based on the thermal stress calculation.
2.) The ‘max stall time’ (jam time / Rotor blocked time) te is shorter than the ‘Starting time’ ts.
Relay parameter for following examples (different to the table on page 3):
Name of the parameter Parameter value Notes

Starting time tS 9s
max. stall time te 6s jam time / Rotor blocked time

The signal ‘speed switch off/on’ has to be routed to a binary
output.

In the ‘State Sequencer’ module the ‘speed switch’ function are tested with one test point. The
inserted test steps ‘no load 1’ guarantee a safe start of the relay.
State Test current Time limitation Binary trigger / Binary Output

no_load_1 I = 0A User interaction None / None
motor_start_1 Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 4s Trip => 1 / None
speed_switch_is_closed Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 3s Trip => 1 / Speed Switch (BO2) closed
Off_1 Is = 0A 10s None / None
no_load_2 I = 0A User interaction None / None
motor_start_2 Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 6s Trip => 1 / None
speed_switch_is_open Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 6s Trip => 1 / None
Off_2 Is = 0A 10s None / None

1
1. The ‘speed switch’ is closed and and blockes the ‘start-up supervision’. The test time (‘Step 2’
+ ‘Step3’ = 8s) is shorter than the ‘Starting time’ ts (9s).
2. If the ‘speed switch’ is open (rotor blocked) and the test time (‘Step 2’ + ‘Step3’ = 12s) is
longer than the ‘Starting time’ ts (9s), the protective relay will trip.

5.8 Testing Start-Up Time Counter
This protective function detects two frequency start-up attempts, which cause overheating of the
motor.
Note: The following discussion is only valid for the protective relays SPAM150 C amd REM 610.
The ‘start-up time counter’ adds all motor starts and disables the next start if the counter exceeds the
restart disable value.
For the motor data see page 3 (application example):
restart disable value = (number of motor starts − 1) • starting time + margin

restart disable value = (3 − 1) • 9s + 1s = 19s
Time factor for the recooling:
∆ ∑ t s ∆t = starting time / time ∆ ∑ t s ∆t = 9s / 2h=4.5s/h
Before this time is elapsed a motor start is not possible.
ts
F time limit motor restart disabled
1,20 motor starting-up pause
cooling down
271,00
4,5s /h
0,80
19s
18
[s] 0,60
0,40
9
0,20
0,00
0,00 100,00 200,00 300,00 400,00 500,00 600,00 700,00
timet [s][s]
Settings (SPAM150C/REM610)
Inhibit level 66 restart disable 19s
∆Σts/∆t / 66 COOL/∆t 4.5s/h

5.8.1 Testing the Start Time Counter and the Restart Disable Function
The signal ‘restart disable’ has to be routed to a binary input.
(optional)
Testing this protection function is performed with the ‘State Sequencer’ module.
In the ‘State Sequencer’ module the ‘start time counter’ and the ‘restart disable function’ are tested
with all enabled motor starts (numer of motor starts=3). The inserted test steps ‘no load 1 … 3’
guarantee a safe reset of the relay after each trip. The step ‘end’ is only for the trigger condition ‘Trip
=> 1 and Restart disable =>’.

no_load_1 I = 0A User interaction None
Trip 0 => 1 and
motor_start_1 … 2 Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 8,1s
restart disable => 0 (no trip!)
no_load_2 … 3 I=0 5s None
motor_start_3 Is = ks Iθ = 3,85A 10s Trip 0 => 1 restart disable => 0
end 1 10s None

1
1 1. For testing the ‘motor start 1 … 2’ this
3 2 trigger condition has to be ‘false’ (no trip
1 ..2). The relay contact ‘restart enable’
on the protective relays is closed (restart
allowed) and the effective motor starting
time is shorter than 9s.
2. For testing ‘motor start 3’ this trigger

condition is ‘true’. The relay contact ‘restart
enable’ has to be open (restart not allowed)
and the effective motor starting time much
longer then 9s.

5.9 Testing the Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (Option A)
6 kV
Protective
Relay
Ia
200/1
Ib
Ic
IE
M
3~
0.1• InM 0.1• 154A

IE = = = 0.077A
ICTprimary 200
Trip Tim e Characteristic (Ph-N)
1,60
1,40
1,20
trip timet [s] ==>
1,00
Settings
0,80 IE> 0.077 A
0,60 T trip 0.5s
0,40
0,20
0,00
0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50

5.9.1 Testing the Earth Fault Protection Pick-Up (IE>) for Option A
Testing the pick-up values is performed with the ‘Ramping’ module.

2 3
4 5
1. 2 ramps (pick-up / drop-off)

2. Amplitude of the earth fault current
4. Ramps from 120% to 80% of the pick-up value and then 80% to 120% for the
Drop-off value
5. delta I: approx. 0.025 times IE>
3
1
4
1. Specified pick-up value = IE>
This protective function can be tested with the ‘Overcurrent’ module or alternatively with the ‘State
Sequencer’ module. If the overcurrent module is used for testing the overcurrent protection function, a
new Overcurrent module has to be inserted in the test object definition.
renamed, e.g. DMT_Earth_Fault.
Testing the trip time characteristic is only possible with the fault group 3I0.

1 1. Tolerances of the
protective relay
3. Fault group selection
3 2 (Zero sequence)
4. Pick-up values and trip
times, deactivate
unavailable stages
4
7
5. Go to the 'Characteristic
Definition'

5.9.3 Testing Earth Fault Protection Trip Time (Option A)
3 2 1
2 Fault: Load current (In) = 0A , the

‘absolute max. (fault) time'
has to correspond to the
relevant trip time.
3 Test: 3I0 fault type is selected!

The defined test points at 0.96
times I>> and 1.04 times I>>
are sufficient.

5.10 Testing the Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (Option B)
Note: The earth fault unit is energized from a

core
balanced CT (cable-type current
transformer).
This protective function works with at

definite-time characteristics.
5.10.1 Testing the Earth Fault Protection Pick-Up (IE>) for Option B
Testing the pick-up values is performed with the ‘Ramping’ module.
Local hardware configuration: Concerning the current outputs A, only the IL1 output is used as
IE.
The start command and 1 trip command has to be routed to a
binary input.

Trip Time Characteristic (Ph-N)
1,60
IEpickup / sec ondary = 77mA
1,40
1,20
trip timet [s] ==>
1,00
0,80 Settings
IE> 0.077A
0,60 T trip 0.5s
0,40
0,20
0,00
0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50
2 3
4 5
1. 2 ramps (pick-up / drop-off)

2. Amplitude of the earth fault current
4. Ramps from 120% to 70% of the pick-up value and then 70% to 120% for the
Drop-off value
5. delta I: approx. 0.025 times IE>
3
1
4
1. Specified pick-up value = IE>

5.10.2 Testing Earth Fault Protection Trip Time (Option B)
1. I = 1.5 times IE>

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TESTING MOTOR PROTECTION

Example: SPAM 150 C/ REM 610

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 1/45

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 2/45

6 kV Motor protection functions

37 / undercurrent (loss of load) protection (DMT)

50; 51 / short-circuit protection (DMT)

200/1 49 / thermal overload

46 / unbalanced protection (IDMT) and phase reversal protection

14 / motor start-up supervision

66 / cumulative start-up time counter with restart disable function

60/1 51N / non-directional earth fault protection (DMT)

Motor parameters for this example:

Name of the parameter Parameter value Notes

max. stall time te 15 s jam time / Rotor blocked time

Permissible thermal inverse current 10% I2 pick-up

Asymmetry factor k 5s the time for 100% I2

Number of motors starts (cold) 3 in 2h

Temperature rise time constant τ

no load current 15% based on the rated current

Rated voltage VnM 6000 V

Rated power PnM 1350 kW

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 3/45

3 Defining the Test Object

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 4/45

4.1 Output Configuration for Protective Relays with a Secondary Nominal

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 5/45

4.3 Analog Outputs

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 6/45

4.5 Binary Outputs

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 7/45

Operation indicator code numbers on the relay front panel:

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 8/45

I > k1.IFLA I > k1.IFLA

Motor is starting Trip

Is the effective starting Yes Trip

The motor is in The motor is not

Thermal replica Thermal replica

*) This value is depends on the prtection concept

Restart of the motor

Reset of the inhibit mode

a) Emergency start function.

b) The register value is lower than

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 9/45

5.2.1 Settings of the Undercurrent Protection

Calculation of the settings:

Ipickup = 0.77 A • 0.5 = 0.385 A

Trip Tim e Characteristic (only three phase)

trip timet [s] ==>

5.2.2 Overlapping with Other Protective Functions

5.2.3 Testing I<-Pick-Up

Local hardware configuration: All 3 current outputs have to be activated.

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 10/45

1. 3 ramps (full load current / pick-up / drop-off)

Settings in the measurement view

Ramp Trigger Nominal value TOL- TOL+

1. Specified pick-up value = I<

© OMICRON electronics Deutschland GmbH 11/45

Settings in the test module: